• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: Soil amendment was necessary applied for the sand that had been used to root zone of green ground in golf course because of its low water retention power and cation exchangeable capacity. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the mixed ratio of peat moss and coconut coir as soil amendment materials on the soil physicochemical properties applied to rootzone based on sand. METHODS AND RESULTS: The soil amendments were blended at 0, 3, 5, 7 and 10% by soil volume. The pH in the peat moss treatment was lower than that of control (0% soil amendment), and pH and electrical conductivity (EC) in the coconut coir were higher. The blending ratio of peat moss was negatively correlated with pH of rootzone soil (p<0.01), and that of coconut coir positively with EC (p<0.01). As compared with control, capillary porosity, the physical factors such as air-filled porosity, total porosity, and hydraulic conductivity of rootzone soil were increased by applying peat moss and coconut coir. For correlation coefficients between percentage of soil amendments and soil physical factors, peat moss and coconut coir were positively correlated with porosity and hydraulic conductivity (p<0.01). CONCLUSION(S): These results indicated that the application of peat moss and coconut coir affected on the change of physicochemical properties of rootzone soil, and improved soil porosity and hydraulic conductivity.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1990

The effects of soil environmental conditions on the degradation rates of fenitrothion(O-O-dimethyl O-4-nitro-m-tolyl phosphorothioate) in soils under flooded conditions were examined in the laboratory. Fenitrothion was degraded rapidly and the half life period was within 4 days. Furthermore the degradation was mere rapid under flooded conditions than under upland conditions. The decomposition rate was varied with soils and soil temperatures. Fenitrothion degraded more slowly at 30ppm than at l0ppm. Repeated applications of fenitrothion in soils accelerated the degradation rates. The degradation remarkably increased with amendment of rice straw. However, degradation rates ,were virtually unaffected by the addition of the mixed-fertilizer, the fungicide IBP and the herbicide butachlor. The population of fenitrothion-degrading microbes, which were counted by MPN method, always corresponded with the degradation rates in the soils.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 1985

Eighteen plant residues were added to soil and the amended soil was inoculated with chlamydospores (5,000 cells/g soil) of Fusarium solani causing root rot of ginseng in soil to test the effects of amendment using pea (Pisium sativa L.) as an index plant. Distributional conditions of microogranisms in soil were compared with each other before and after dealing with soil amendment by plant debries. Infection rate by index plant's infectivity showed a higher degree in the treatment of wheat crushed than in control group, and followed by stalk of sweet potato, chinese cabbage, ginseng leaves and soybean pod. On the other hand, the de­creasing order of infection rate was root of garlic, welsh onion, cabbage leaf and stalk, green onion stalk, wheat straw and barley straw. In comparison with control group, the propagules of fungi increased in the treatment of ginseng leaves, soybean ground, wheat crushed, maize stalk, and chinese cabbage, but decreased in the root of garlic, cabbage, and barley straw. Population of total bacteria increased in the treatment of soybean ground, chinese cabbage, radish stalk, welsh onion, and wheat crushed, but decreased in barley straw, tobaco root, ginseng stalk, and wheat straw. The numbers of actinomycetes increased only in the treatment of soybean ground in a comparison with control and also decreased in the garlic stalk and tobaco root. The propagules of Fusarium spp increased in the treatment of chinese cabbage, welsh onion, radish stalk, wheat crushed, and sweet potato stalk, wheat crushed, and sweet potato stalk, but decreased in the treat­ment of wheat straw, ginseng leaves, and cabbage than control.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.961-967
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• 2012

There have been many studies about efficiency of amendments for heavy metal stabilization through chemical assessment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of several soil amendments (lime, agric-lime, dolomite, steel slag, fly ash and acid mine drainage sludge) on heavy metals stabilization through not only chemical but also biological assessments (phytotoxicity test) in abandoned mining area soil. In order to achieve the goal, we conducted preliminary screening experiment targeting 12 types of crop plants such as radish, young radish, chinese cabbage, winter grown cabbage, cabbage, bok choy, chicory, crown daisy, carrot, chives, spinach, and spring onion. The results of inhibition rates of early plant growth in metal-contaminated soil against non-contaminated soil and the correlations between inhibitions items showed that the bok choy was appropriate specie with respect to confirm the effect of several amendments. Several amendment treatments on contaminated soil brought about the changes in the root and shoot elongation of bok choy after 1 week. Agric-lime, dolomite and steel slag treatments showed the great efficiency of reducing on mobility of heavy metals using chemical assessment. But in contrary, these treatments resulted in the reduction of root and shoot elongation and only AMD sludge increased that of elongation, significantly. When considering both chemical and biological assessments, AMD sludge could be recommended the compatible amendment for target contaminated soil. In conclusion, biological assessment was also important aspect of decision of successful soil remediation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.378-385
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• 1985

In order to investigate the application effects of soil amendment on wetland rice soil field and laboratory experiment were conducted on ill drained paddy field on which rice straw, Compost, Lime and Silicate materlials such as wallostonite and fused phosphate were applied. 1. As compared with check plot, rice yield was increased by application of soil amendments significantly in all plots but rice straw one. 2. The effects of soil amendment on rice production were in the order of fused phosphate and N.K, addition > silicate material and N.K, addition=Compost > rice straw and lime plot. 3. The significant correlation was showed among the rice yield and the numbers of panicle and grain. 4. The application of the rice straw restrained the rice growth because of nitrogen defficiency in early stage but increased rice yield due to the number of panicle due to supplying nitrogens late stage. 5. The application of rice straw in wetland soil promoted to occur organic acids such as $PCO_2$ and $HCO_3$, and decreased tillering due to these organic acids occuring in early growth stage.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.15-22
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• 2019

Coal combustion products are generated during coal combustion and can be grouped into fly ash and bottom ash depending on collection methods. Fly ash and bottom ash can be recycled for various purposes based on their characteristics. Australia is the fourth largest coal production country in the world and reuses coal ash as cement, concrete, mine filler, and agricultural soil amendment. When fly ash is used as a supplement for cement and concrete, strength of the cement and the durability of the concrete can be improved. Use of coal combustion product for mine backfill stabilizes underground mine voids and stores a large amount of coal ash in the voids. Because of alkalinity of coal combustion products, it can neutralize acid mine drainage when used for mine backfill. In addition, it can be used as an agricultural soil amendment to improve acidity and physical properties of the soil and to supply plant nutrients. Recycling of fly ash in Australia will be further expanded because of its low trace element contents that can be toxic to plants and low radioactive element contents existing within soil background concentrations. The characteristics of coal combustion products are related to the characteristics of the coal used for combustion, and since Korea imports coal from Australia, Korean coal combustion products also can be recycled for various purposes.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.138-142
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• 1990

The effects of heavy metals Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Zn on the degradation of the insecticide fenitrothion (O, O-dimethyl O-4-nitro-m-tolyl phosphorothioate), the fungicide IBP (5-benzyl O, O-diisopropyl phosphorothioate), and the herbicide butachlor (N-butoxymetyl-2-chloro-2', 6'-diethylacetanilide) in flooded soils were examined in the laboratory. The degradation of the 3 pesticides in soil was greatly inhibited by the amendment of the 5 heavy metals. The inhibition rate was high in the order of butachlor>IBP>fenitrothion. Populations of fenitrothion-and butachlor-degrading microbes, which were counted by the MPN method, were lower in heavy metals added soil than in the control soil. The effect of heavy metals on the degradation of the 3 pesticides in soil varied with the kind and concentration of heavy metals and the kind of pesticides.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.205-210
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the mixed ratio of the soil amendments, peat, humate, peatmoss and zeolite, on the soil physicochemical properties. The mixed ratios of soil amendments were 0%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 10% (v/v) incorporated with sand which met to the USGA (United State of Golf Association) recommendation. It was measured pH, EC and CEC as a chemical properties. Porosity, capillary porosity, air-filled porosity, bulk density and hydraulic conductivity were also measured to analyze the changes of physical properties. Chemical properties were significantly different by mixture ratios of peat, humate, peatmoss and zeolite. When the results were applied to the USGA standard of the soil physical properties, the optimum mixture ratios of peat, humate and peatmoss were 5%, 3% and 7%, respectively. Air-filled porosity was factor involved in soil physical properties by blending with soil amendments and it was affected on volume of porosity and hydraulic conductivity. To analyze the corelation of mixture ratio versus to physical characters, the ratio of peat and peatmoss was significantly related to capillary porosity and hydraulic conductivity (P<0.05), that of humate hydraulic conductivity (P<0.01), and that of zeolite air-filled porosity and volume of porosity (P<0.05). These results could be used as a basic data for construction USGA sand green.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.98-104
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• 2001

Cultivation area of the plastic film-house has been continuously increased with the increase of consumers' income. Intensive land use without fallowing or crop rotation caused severe problem such as salt accumulation in soils and in turn retarded growth and low productivity. This study was carried out to solve them derived from longterm intensive farming practices. Seven farmers who are practicing plastic film-house cultivation were recommended for case study by municipal government and selected for their excellency of cultivation and soil management. The cultivation periods of these systems were in the range of 5 to 40 years in the regions mainly located in alluvial soil cultivated with cucumber, tomato and red pepper. The soils texture of the excellent farmers' fields were silt loam or sandy loam, ranged from 7 to 15 percents of clay contents. Soil bulk density, depth of plowing layer and soil aggregates contents of the farmers' soils were 0.89, 23.1 cm, 61.6% whereas those in neighboring soils were 1.10, 17.8 cm, 54.2 %, respectively. And pH, OM and $NO_3-N$ of the farmers' soils also were better than those of neighboring soils. There was no difference in population densities of nematode between the good farmers' and neighboring soils, but actinomyces and Fusarium densities of recommended farmers' soils were better than neighboring soils. The major farming practices by the good farmers were characterized by deep plowing with flooding, amendment of crude organic matter, and reduction of chemical fertilizer application before transplanting, and also drip irrigation and liquid manure application after planting. They also conducted solar sterilization with or without flooding, removal of plastic films during rainy days and culturing rice or corn as rotation crops to avoid the problems mentioned above.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.307-316
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• 2009

Soil microbial activity and diversity are affected by organic sources applied to improve soil quality and fluctuate seasonally. We investigated the effects of municipal compost (MC), poultry litter (PL), and cover crops of spring oats and red clover (RC) on soil enzyme activities, and soil bacterial community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) in a Mexico silt loam in North Central Missouri, USA. Temporal patterns of these parameters were observed by periodic five soil sampling from spring to fall over a two year period. MC increased soil dehydrogenase (DH) activity consistently beginning about three months after MC application; fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolytic activity significantly began to increase by the September of the first year but fluctuated during the following period. DH activity responded more directly to the amount or properties of organic residues in soils while FDA hydrolysis and CLPP were generally influenced by composition of organic sources, and enzyme activities and CLPP showed seasonal variation, which depended on organic sources and soil moisture. MC and cover crops may be useful organic sources for enhancing general soil microbial activity and altering soil microbial diversity, respectively. Because microbial activities and diversity are dynamic and subject to seasonal changes, the effects of organic amendments on these parameters should be investigated frequently during a growing season.