• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.129-133
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• 2001

This studies was carried out to investigate the effects of long term application of organic matters for 21 years from 1979 to 1999. The organic matters were applicated 5 ton $ha^{-1}$ as rice straw and 10 ton $ha^{-1}$ as compost. The used soil was paddy soil of Junbuk series. The obtained results are as follows: For 21 years, the changes of organic matter content of sail was from 22g $kg^{-1}$ to 21g $kg^{-1}$ in the plot of no organic application, but from 25g $kg^{-1}$ to 29gkg^(-1) in the plot of organic matter application. The changes of cation excange capacity of soil were lower gradually in the plot of non-appilcation of organic matter, but were not changed in the plots of rice straw and compost appilcation. The changes of rice yield were highly decreased after 10 years in the plot of no organic matter application, but rice yield were not highly changed in the plot of organic matter application. As conclusion, sussesive application of organic matters is improving physico-chemical properties of soil and is increasing rice yield.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.162-168
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• 2001

This study was conducted to evaluate the degradation, adsorption and desorption and leaching of acetamiprid in soils. The half-life of acetamiprid in field condition was $1.7{\sim}3.3$ days in Bokhyun soil and, in case of laboratory condition, 15.5 days. Adsorption of acetamiprid was equilibrated in 12 hours incubation. In adsorption experiment using modified soils, such as oxidized soil, oxidized soil added humic acid, fulvic acid, kaolinite or montmorillinite, adsorption rate of acetamiprid was the highest in the oxidized soil added fulvic acid. The desorption rate was the lowest in the oxidized soil added fulvic acid. The adsorption and desorption results should be suggested that acetamiprid could be strongly adsorbed with soil humic materials, especially fulvic acid. When the mobility of acetamiprid in soil was calculated according to GUS (Groundwater Ubiquity Score) equation, it was prove to non-leacher, and it was confirmed in the leaching experiment with soil column. Most of acetamiprid was remained in the upper 30 cm of the soil column after eluting with water and it was not even detected in leachate.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2011

This study was carried out to analyze the vegetation and soil characteristic, and ordination of the Ilex cornuta population, in the Yongsu Reservoir of Jeju Island. The Ilex cornuta population was classified into Cudrania tricuspidata dominant population, Sageretia theezans dominant population, and Mallotus japonicus dominant population. In the study sites, soil organic matter(O.M.), total nitrogen(T.N.), available phosphorus($P_2O_5$), changeable potassium, changeable calcium, changeable magnesium and soil pH were 14.62~17.35%, 0.39~0.51%, 8.83~20.15mg/kg, 0.44~0.64cmol+/kg, 5.79~6.87cmol+/kg, 3.43~4.19cmol+/kg and 5.41~5.80, respectively. The Mallotus japonicus dominant population was mainly found in the high percentage of available phosphorus, organic matter. It was also showed the lowest concentration of exchangeable K, and Mg. Cudrania tricuspidata dominant population and Sageretia theezans dominant population were found in the low percentage of available phosphorus, organic matter and there were also showed the highest concentration of exchangeable K, and Mg. It is one of the evidence that Ilex cornuta community indicated an intensive site management likes clearance of creeper is proper habitat management protocol. Thus, further researches should be followed to determine the other disturbance factors as management techniques.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.407-414
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate soil properties, ordination, and vegetation of a forest wetland in Jangdo, Sinan-Gun. Peculiar species such as Epilobium pyrricholophum and Lycopus ramosissim us were found in the forest wetland of Jangdo, and Hosta yingeri and Carpinus turczaninovii for coreana that are an endemic species of Korea were also found. The vascular plants of 40 families 62 genera 57 species 9 varieties 1 form, total 67 taxa were accounted for. The communities were classified as Salix koreensis-Isachne globosa community, Isachne globosa community, and Miscathus sinensis var purpurascens community. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorous concentrations, and cation exchange capacity each ranged from 20.6 to 72.4%, 0.74 to 2.13%, 33.3 to 114.6 ppm, and 25.5 to 94.3 me/100g, respectively. Soil pH ranged from 5.10 to 5.42. Soil texture was clay loam. Results of the correlation between Jangdo forest community and environmental factor are as follows; Soil pH was the most effective factor for plant community distribution. The Salix koreensis-Isachne globosa community was found where it had the highest soil organic matter, nitrogen, and exchangeable Na, Ca, Mg concentration, ana CEC among the three communities. Miscathus sinensis var. purpurascens community was found where it had the lowest soil organic matter, nitrogen, and exchangeable Na, Ca, Mg concentration, and CEC among the three plant communities.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.74-79
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• 1991

In order to use of new organic matter source, soil samples collected from paddy, upland and orchard treated with kraft and paper board mill sludge were analysed comparing with non-treated soil in view of some soil properties, soil microorganisms and soil enzyme activities. Also, the value of fertilizer was estimated with kraft and paper board mill sludge. 1. Paper mill sludge showed more than 55% of organic matter content, and higher total nitrogen and phosphorus, and CEC. 2. Soils treated with kraft sludge were higher contents than non-treated 2.5-3 for organic matter, 1.5-2 for total-nitrogen, 2 for $NO_3$-N, 1.5 for phosphorus and 1.4 times for CEC. Also, 12-1.9 for bacteria and 3 times for fungi, and 1.4-1.5 of cellulase, 1.5-1.8 of phosphatase and 1.5-1.8 times of urease activities. 3. Organic matter contents, number of fungi, and activities of cellulase and phosphatase in soil treated with paper board sludge were 1.4-22, 2.4, 1.5-1.6 and 1.3-1.4 times higher than non-treated soil, respectively. 4. Paper mill sludge was evaluated as a good organic matter source to increase of soil organic matter, CEC, inorganic components, soil microbes and enzyme activities.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.139-144
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• 1976

To deter-mine the most reasonable method for improving of newly reclaimed soil, seven kinds of improving methods were tested and the soybean was cultivated as test crop. The results obtained are summarized as follow: The newly reclaimed soil where this experiment was carried out showed low acidity and was deficient in the humus, the phosphate, the calcium and the magnesium. Both the fused phosphate as well as the calcium was much effective to the correction of the soil acidity. The compost was the most effective source to increase the content of the humus in the soil, and also the calcium application showed a significant effect to increase the amount of humus. Not only compost but also fused phosphate were much effective to increase the content of calcium in the soil. Each factor as the calcium, the fused phosphate, the compost and the deep plowing has an effect to increase the amount of magnesium in soil significantly. The compost increased the potassium in soil. The amount of magnesium in soybean plant was significantly increased by the application of the calcium, the fused phosphate or the compost. And the calcium and the fused phosphate had an effect to increase the grain yield of soybean. The highest grain yield of soybean was taken at the treatment of N.P.K.+Compost+Calcium+Deep-plowing. The grain yield of soybean was significantly correlated with the soil acidity, the amount of the humus and the magnesium in soil and the amount of the magnesium in soybean plant.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.183-191
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• 1991

A study was conducted to determine the influence of soil chemical properties on the distribution and forms of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper(Cu) and Zinc(Zn) in paddy soils near zinc mines. A sequential extraction procedure was used to fractionate the heavy metals in soils into the designated from of water soluble, exchangeable, organically bound, oxide/carbonate, and sulfide/residual. The predominant form of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in the soils was found to be sulfide/residual form. Oxide/carbonate Cd and Pb and organically bound Cu were high, while exchangeable Pb and Cu were very low. Water soluble Cd, Pb and Cu were not detected in the soils. The percentages of the heavy metals content in exchangeable fractions were inversely correlated with those in sulfide/residual fractions in the soils. Exchangeable Cd and Zn and the oxide/carbonate Pb were shifting to the sulfide/residual form with soil depth and the chemical forms of Cu were not changed. Organically bound Cu was positively correlated with soil organic matter content but Cd, Pb and Zn were not. The percentages of Cd, Pb and Zn content in exchangeable forms decreased with soil pH, while those in oxide/carbonate and sulfide/residual forms increased with soil pH. The amounts of oxide/carbonate and sulfide/residual forms of pb were higher than those of Cd and Zn at same soil pH.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.142-150
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• 1994

To investigate differences in Cd and Zn contents of paddy soils and rice plants polluted by the municipal and industrial waste water in the Mangyeong River Area, soil and plant samples were collected at several distances from the main inlet and at different depths of the soil. Soil samples were extracted with $4M-HNO_3$ and plant samples were digested with a mixture of $HNO_3$and $HClO_4$for analyzing heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The contents of Cd and Zn in soils ranged from 0.38 to 1.17 and from 33.8 to 464.6mg kg^{-1}, respectively. The average Cd level in 1990 was less than that in 1982, but the Zn level in 1990 was higher than that in 1982 in general. No variation in Cd contents was observed in soils at the different distances from the source of waste water, but Zn contents in soils were lower with the increasing distances from the source of waste water. A significant correlation was observed among Cd content, OM, available silicate, CEC and $Ca^{++}$. Similar results existed among Zn content of 1982, OM and $Ca^{++}$. The Cd content in subsurface soils of 1992 was significantly correlated with Zn, Cu, and Pb in soils, and the Zn content in soils was significantly correlated with the Cu and Pb in soils, regardless of years. The Cd content in leaf blades of rice was more than seven times higher than that in brown rice. The Zn content in rice was higher than that in leaf blades and in panicle axis. The Cd content in panicle axis and the Zn content in all parts of rice were correlated with Zn, Cu and Pb contents in soils. The Cd and Zn contents in brown rice ranged from 0.10 to 0.90mg $kg^{-1}$ and from 4.2 to 95.9mg $kg^{-1}$ in the Mangyeong River Area, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.149-157
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• 1994

The conditions for formation of allophane in volcanic ash soils in Cheju Island were investigated. Soils of toposequence distributed along the sourthern slope of Mt. Halla, and the major soil groups such as dark brown soils, very dark brown soils, black soils, and brown forest soils were colleted and analyzed for Al, Fe and Si extracted with solutions of pyrophosphate and oxalate. Mean annual temperature decreased $0.8^{\circ}C$ and mean annual precipitation increased 110mm with increase elevation of 100m. Organic carbon content increased and soil pH decreased with elevation, and the formation of allophane in soils formed a climosequence. Dark brown soils widely distributed in the northern and western coastal areas, where the mean annual precipitation ranged 1,240~1,420mm and the evaporation ranged 1,290~1,320mm, contained only small amounts of allophane and Al-humus complexes. For other soils, organic carbon content, pyrophosphate extractable Al, and $Al_p/Al_o$ were inversely correlated with $pH(CaCl_2)$. Allophane content showed close relationships wlth $pH(CaCl_2)$, and inverse relationships with organic carbon content and $Al_p/Al_o$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.255-257
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• 2004

오염 토양 개선사업이 완료된 밀양시 구운동 광산의 이.화학적 성분을 기초로 하여 비경작지의 일부 야생식물 중 축적된 중금속 함량을 분석한 결과, 토양의 각 지점별 평균 함량은 유기물 13.18g/kg, 유효인산 40.65mg/kg, 석회 5.06, 칼슘 6.85, 고토 1.94cmol/kg으로서 우리나라 밭 토양의 평균보다 낮았고 중금속 함량은 아연(Zn)이 평균 383.1mg/kg, 구리(Cu) 135.2mg/kg, 납(Pb) 105.4mg/kg로 조사되었다. 조사 지점 중 광미의 퇴적으로 인한 오염이 있는 광산 위 st. 3에서 아연(945mg/kg)과 구리(535mg/kg)의 함량이 가장 높았고 다음이 광미가 많이 잔재하고 있는 광구 앞인 st. 4였으며 이곳은 납(289.5mg/kg)의 함량이 가장 높은 지점이었다. 식물체 내의 중금속 함량은 차즈기>쑥>억새>싸리 순이었고 특히 차즈기의 경우는 다량의 중금속이 축적되어 있어 중금속 오염 지역에 대한 내성이 있는 지표종으로 추측되어 이에 대한 중금속 축적 능력 확인 실험이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.