• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.287-297
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• 1994

To elucidate the cause of growth decline of pitch pine (Pinus rigida) in Seoul, tree density, tree age and physico-chemical properties of soils were investigated at 33 sites of pitch pine forests in metropolitan Seoul, its vicinity and rural areas. The physical properties of soils except for soil texture in Seoul did not differ from those in rural areas. pH values, base saturation, and Ca and Mg contents of soils in Seoul, however, were significantly lower than those in suburbs and rural areas. In contrast, soluble Al and $S0_4^{2-}-S$ contents in Seoul were higher than those in rural areas. Low pH of forest soils in Seoul and suburbs seems to be caused by acid deposition. According to multiple regression analysis, growth of pitch pine in Seoul was affected by several factors in the following order: soil bulk density < Al content of soils < tree density < Mg contents of soil < tree age. We concluded that the acidification of forest soil can be a predisposing factor for the growth decline of pitch pine in metropolitan areas.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.362-365
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• 2002

토양의 물리/화학적 특성에 따른 토양의 유기오염물 흡착능 변화를 규명하기 위하여, 토양 내 clay 함량 및 유기물 함량변화, 수용액 내 TCE 농도변화에 따른 TCE 의 토양내 흡착량 변화를 측정하였다. 수용액의 pH와 실내온도는 일정하게 유지시켰으며 clay는 표면적이 다른 Ca-montmorillonite, Na-montmorillonite, kaolin을 이용하였고, 유기물질로는 활성탄을 사용하였다. 일정한 토양성분과 실제토양에 대해 수용액 내 TCE의 농도를 변화시켜 농도변화에 따른 흡착량 변화를 측정하였다. 실험결과 유기물과 점토함량의 증가에 따라 흡착량은 모두 증가하였으나 활성탄에 의한 TCE 흡착량이 점토에 비해 매우 높았으므로 유기물에 의한 TCE 흡착영향이 점토에 의한 흡착 영향보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. TCE 농도변화에 따른 흡착결과는 실제토양과 모사토양에서 모두 농도가 증가함에 따라 흡착 증가율이 증가하다가 감소하는 Langmuir isotherm 형태를 보여 주었다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.29-32
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.71-71
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• 2004

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.109-112
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• 2003

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.127-145
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• 1998

Unlike water or air quality standards that have been established by legislation using potential human health impact as the primary criterion, soil quality depends on the soils primary function and its relevant environmental factors, which is much more site- and soil specific. A properly characterized soil quality assessment system should serve as an indicator of the soil capacity to produce safe and nutritious food, to enhance human and animal health, and to overcome degrative processes. For our proposed example, a high quality soil with regard to maintaining an adequate soil productivity as a food production resources must accommodate soil and water properties, food chain, sustainability and utilization, environment, and profitability, that (i) facilitate water transfer and absorption, (ii) sustain plant growth, (iii) resist physical degradation of soil, (iv) produce a safe food resources, (v) cost-effective agricultural management. Possible soil quality indicators are identified at several levels within the framework for each of these functions. Each indicator is assigned a priority or weight that reflects its relative importance using a multi-objective approach based on principles of systems to be considered. To do this, individual scoring system is differentiated by the several levels from low to very high category or point scoring ranging from 0 to 10, And then weights are multiplied and products are summed to provide an overall soil quality rating based on several physical and chemical indicators. Tlne framework and procedure in developing the soil quality assessment are determined by using information collected from an alternative and conventional farm practices in the regions. The use of an expanded framework for assessing effects of other processes, management practices, or policy issues on soil quality is also considered. To develop one possible form for a soil quality index, we should permit coupling the soil characteristics with assessment system based on soil properties and incoming and resident chemicals. The purpose of this paper is to discuss approaches to defining and assessing soil quality and to suggest the factors to be considered.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.379-382
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 다양한 토지이용의 불교란 토양칼럼 시료를 대상으로 토양 물리화학 특성 및 자연강우에 대한 토양배수 양상을 분석하였다. 공극률은 토양컬럼에서의 유효공극률과 투수계수 및 자연강우에 대한 배수율과 대체로 정의 상관관계를 보인다. 미국 통일분류법에 따라 토양을 분류하였을 때 소성성이 낮은 실트질 토양과 점토질 토양은 유효공극률이 낮으면서 배수율도 낮고, 소성성이 없는 실트질이 섞인 자갈(유구-논)과 실트질 모래는 유효공극률이 비교적 높으면서 배수율이 다소 높았다. 불교란 토양컬럼을 완전 포화상태에서 자연배수할 때 대부분의 토양은 50시간 전후로 거의 다. 배수되며 $150{\sim}200$시간 경과되면 거의 모든 토양에서 완전배수가 되었다. 일부 500여시간이 경과되어도 지속적으로 배수되는 토양이 있는데 이는 토양수분보유특성에 기인하는 것으로 사료된다. 배수량으로 가정한 함양량 실측실험에서는 오송(전의)임야 > 무주-밭, 무주-논 > 유구-임야 > 김해-밭 > 유구-논, 유구-밭 순으로 높았으며 이들 시료들의 함양률은 50% 이상이었다. 토성에 따른 자연강우 배수상태를 보면, 소성성이 낮은 실트질 토양의 배수율이 낮고, 실트질 모래는 다양한 배수상태를 보이나 대체로 배수율이 높다. 그리고 1차, 2차 실험에서 선행 강우 5mm 미만은 토양배수에 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.45-48
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• 2006

혼합유류(등,경유)로 오염된 대상부지의 토양특성을 파악하여 세척공법의 적용성을 판단하고, 적용성시험을 통하여 장치별 설계인자를 도출하였다. 시험결과 본 세척대상토양의 경우 계면활성제와 같은 첨가제를 주입하지 않고 물리적인 탈착공정만을 거쳐도 90%이상의 오염물질이 토양입자표면으로부터 탈착됨을 알 수 있었으며, 이를 반영하여 장치를 제작, 설치하였다. 세척대상 오염토량은 총 $12,225m^3$, 사업수행기간은 약 6개월, 세척장치에 주입된 세척토양의 평균오염농도는 약 3,152ppm 이었으며 세척 완료된 토양의 평균농도는 약 150ppm으로 약 97%의 제거효율을 보여 복원목표인 800ppm을 만족시킬 수 있었다. 그리고, 세척토양의 입도분포를 정확히 파악하고 분리시킬 토양입자 크기를 결정하여 현장 적용한 결과 세척공법으로부터 배출되는 응집슬러지를 최소화할 수 있었으며, 발생되는 세척폐수 또한 세척수 처리시스템을 거쳐 재활용 할 수 있도록 하였다. 이런 결과를 통하여 세척공법이 다른 Ex-situ 공법과 비교하였을 경우 현장의 적용성, 경제성, 복원기간 등을 감안하였을 경우 성공적인 세척공법의 적용사례라 할 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.567-575
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• 2018

The soil physical quality is a core factor in achieving two of sustainable agriculture's goals: productivity and environment. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in soil physical properties for nearly a decade through periodic monitoring of three cultivation types: upland, orchard, and paddy. Field surveys and lab analysis were conducted to determine the soils physical properties after every 4 years; upland (2009, 2013, and 2017), orchard (2010 and 2014), and paddy (2011 and 2015). In each year soil samples from 162-338 sites were collected. The bulk density of upland subsoil decreased from $1.53Mg\;m^{-3}$ to $1.50Mg\;m^{-3}$ while the plowing depth and subsoil organic matter increased from 13.7 cm to 19.5 cm and from $12.6g\;kg^{-1}$ to $18.3g\;kg^{-1}$ respectively during the period 2009-2017. Plowing depth for orchard increased from 16.7 cm to 18.9 cm. However, organic matter content decreased from $15.9g\;kg^{-1}$ to $15.4g\;kg^{-1}$ during the 2010-2014 period. For paddy, plowing depth and subsoil organic matter decreased from 17.5 cm to 16.7 cm and from $17.5g\;kg^{-1}$ to $15.8g\;kg^{-1}$ respectively. The subsoil bulk density increased from $1.47Mg\;m^{-3}$ to $1.52Mg\;m^{-3}$ from 2011-2015. Excess ratio for soil physical standards increased from 16% to 22% in orchard, 56% to 62% in paddy, and decreased from 41% to 29% in upland. The overall soil physical quality had been ameliorated for upland, but degraded for paddy. Improved tillage practices and application of appropriate organic matter is necessary to enhance the quality of soils, especially in the paddy field.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.793-797
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• 2010

The investigations were conducted to improve the physical properties by analyzing physico-chemical properties on the different soil families of textures at 20 upland fields located in the parts of Gyengsangbuk-do area. Soil physico-chemical properties were analyzed for bulk density, hardness, porosity, moisture, pH, EC and organic mater by soil depth on the different soil families of textures. Bulk density distributions were higher than 1.2 Mg $m^{-3}$ in the optimum range. Hardness distributions were lower than 20 mm in the optimum range. Therefore, the physical properties of upland soil was deteriorated. Correlation coefficient of bulk density with hardness and organic mater were higher significantly, that was positive and negative, respectively. The soil hardness had the greatest distribution degree to the crop yield and bulk density and organic matter followed. Conclusively, To improve the physical properties of upland soil was more effective to fertilizing organic matter than other ways.