• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.767-779
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• 2015

soil microbial activities and diversities in a newly reclaimed soil. Soil chemical properties, population of microbe, microbial biomass, and properties of microbial community were investigated under 4 different treatment (animal manure compost+green manure, chemical fertilizer, and without fertilizer). The experiment was conducted for 3 years from 2012 to 2014. The most of chemical properties in the animal manure compost+green manure treatment were increased continually compare to chemical fertilizer and without fertilizer. The population of bacteria and fungi were higher in the animal manure compost+green manure treatment, however, there was no difference on actinomyces. Soil microbial biomass C content was higher in the animal manure compost+green manure treatment than in chemical fertilizer and without fertilizer. Biolog examination showed that catabolic diversities of bacterial communities were higher in the treatment of animal manure compost+green manure. It was showed that principle component analysis of the Biolog data differentiated the organic matter amended soils from NPK and control. These results indicated that application of animal manure compost+green manure had a beneficial effect on soil microbial properties.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.392-395
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• 2004

광미와 오염된 토양에 함유되어 있는 중금속은 물리ㆍ화학적 환경 변화에 따라 안정화되어 자연적으로 정화가 진행되거나, 혹은 재용출 될 수 있어 중요한 오염원으로 작용 할 수 있다. 따라서 중금속 원소의 존재형태를 규명하여 물리ㆍ화학적 환경 변화에 따른 중금속의 거동을 예측하고자 Tessier et al (1979)의 방법을 이용하여 연속추출을 수행하였다. 구룡광간의 광미와 오염된 토양에 함유된 중금속과 마량원소의 존재형태를 비교해 보면 Fe를 제외한 모든 원소의 존재형태가 안정상인 잔류형태로 존재하였다. Cd, Co, Cu 및 Pb의 경우 잔류형태 다음으로 비정질 산화광물형태로 수반된 형태도 중요한 존재 형태인 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 Fe은 비정질 산화광물의 형태가 가장 우세한 것으로 나타났으며, 황화광물과의 결합형태가 상대적으로 우세한 경향을 보였다.

• 발명특허
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• v.32 no.1 s.366
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• pp.50-53
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• 2007

연일 뉴스에서 넘쳐나는 기사 중 하나가 우리 식탁에 오르는 먹을거리의 오염에 대한 내용이다. 땅이 오염되고 물이 오염되면서 인체에 유해한 물질이 든 먹을거리들이 넘쳐나면서 모든 국민들의 화두는 '웰빙‘이다. 몸에 좋은 것을 먹고, 건강을 위해 삶의 패턴을 바꾸는 사람들이 늘고 있다. 이와 함께 화학비료와 농약의 사용을 극히 제한하고 퇴비를 이용하여 생산된 유기 농산물에 대한 선호도가 급증하는 추세이다. 그러나 이미 오염되어버린 토양에서 재배방법을 아무리 달리하여도 그 땅에서 생산된 농작물은 오염되기 마련이며 한번 오염된 토양도 좀처럼 오염 전의 토양으로 복원하기 힘든 것이 현실이다. 각종 유해성 물질과 이들을 오래도록 사용해온 토양으로부터 야기되는 농작물 및 수질의 오염은 이미 우려할 만한 수준이고 난분해성 유동성 농약의 과다살포, 화학비료의 과다사용 및 장기연용에 의한 염류집적은 토양 본래의 기능성 상실은 물론 농작물의 품질과 생산성에도 큰 영향을 미친다.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.193-199
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• 2017

In this study, changes of soil properties including soil texture, specific surface area, organic matter content, pH, cation exchange capacity and exchangeable cations content were investigated in response to strong acid or base accident. The properties changed significantly when the soil reacted with 10 M HCl or 1 M NaOH (i.e., when one gram of soil received 50 and 5 mmol of HCl or NaOH), respectively. When the soil reacted with 10 M HCl or 1 M NaOH solution, soil texture changed from sandy loam to loamy sand and specific surface areas decreased from $5.84m^2/g$ to 4.85 and $1.92m^2/g$, respectively. The soil organic matter content was reduced from 3.23% to 0.96 and 0.44%, and the soil pH changed from 5.05 to 2.35 and 10.65, respectively. The cation exchange capacity decreased from 10.27 cmol/kg to 4.52 and 5.60 cmol/kg, respectively. Especially, high concentrations of $Al^{3+}$ or $Na^+$ were observed in acidic or basic spills, respectively, which is likely to cause toxicity to terrestrial organisms. The results suggest that restoration of soil properties, as well as soil remediation, needs to be carried out to maintain the soil function in chemical spill sites.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.52-61
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• 2004

In order to remediate soils contaminated with oxyanionic As and cationic Zn and Ni through the pilot-scale acid washing, the effectiveness of acid washing and the properties of contaminated soils, fine soil particle and dissolved contaminants were evaluated. $H_{2}SO_4\;and\;H_{3}PO_4$ washing at pH $2{\sim}3$ enhanced the removal of As by the presence of competitive oxyanions and HCl washing effectively removed simultaneously As, Zn and Ni. The effectiveness of soil washing was little enhanced above the critical reaction time, and the carbonate, Fe/Mn oxide and organic/sulfides associated fraction were dominantly removed. The washing of coarse soil particles was highly efficient, but that of fine soil particles($<74{\mu}m$) was recalcitrant due to the enrichment with contaminants. Moreover, the physical separation of fine particles($<149{\mu}m$) enhanced the overall efficiency of soil washing. Therefore, both chemical extraction and separation of fine soil particles showed the high effectiveness of soil washing in the intersection point to minimize the amount of fine soil particles and to maximize the chemical extraction of contaminants.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2010

The investigations were conducted to improve the fertilizer use in upland soil on the different topographies, and crops at 163 upland fields located in the parts of Gyengsangbuk-do area. The soil distribution was based on crops, and topographiese. Soils from these fields were analyzed for pH, organic mater, available phosphorus ($P_2O_5$), exchangeable potassium, calcium and magnesium, and found to have pH5.9, organic mater 23.2 g $kg^{-1}$, $P_2O_5$ 549 mg $kg^{-1}$, exchangeable potassium, calcium and magnesium were 0.9, 5.6, and 2.3 $cmol^+\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. The excessive distribution percent of soil samples for crops were higher than the optimum range in $P_2O_5$, and exchangeable potassium. The content of organic matter, $P_2O_5$, exchangeable potassium, calcium, and magnesium were increased with the decreasing slope. The major chemical components in fans topographies were 28.4 g $kg^{-1}$ for organic matter, 700 mg $kg^{-1}$ for $P_2O_5$, and 1.0 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ for exchangeable potassium relatively higher in comparison with other topographies. The content of $P_2O_5$ were lower in diluvium, and hilly areas than other topographies. The soil of red pepper was more influenced by the amount of applied fertility than the slope, and topographies, On the other hand the crops like soybean and sesame, were more affected by the slope, and topographies.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.8-17
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• 2006

Laboratory scale experiments were performed to investigate the removal efficiency of the in-situ chemical oxidation method and the air-sparging method for diesel contaminated soil and groundwater. Two kinds of diesel contaminated soils (TPH concentration : 2,401 mg/kg and 9,551 mg/kg) and groundwater sampled at Busan railroad station were used for the experiments. For batch experiments of chemical oxidation by using 50% hydrogen peroxide solution, TPH concentration of soil decreased to 18% and 15% of initial TPH concentration. For continuous column experiments, more than 70% of initial TPH in soil was removed by using soil flushing with 20% hydrogen peroxide solution, suggesting that most of diesel in soil reacted with hydrogen peroxide and degraded into $CO_2$ or $H_2O$ gases. Batch experiment for the air-sparging method with artificially contaminated groundwater (TPH concentration : 810 mg/L) was performed to evaluate the removal efficiency of the air-sparging method and TPH concentration of groundwater decreased to lower than 5 mg/L (waste water discharge tolerance limit) within 72 hours of air-sparging. For box experiment with diesel contaminated real soil and groundwater, the removal efficiency of air-sparging was very low because of the residual diesel phase existed in soil medium, suggesting that the air-sparging method should be applied to remediate groundwater after the free phase of diesel in soil medium was removed. For the last time, the in-situ box experiment for a unit process mixed the chemical oxidation process with the air-sparging process was performed to remove diesel from soil and groundwater at a time. Soil flushing with 20% hydrogen peroxide solution was applied to diesel contaminated soils in box, and subsequently contaminated groundwater was purified by the air-sparging method. With 23 L of 20% hydrogen peroxide solution and 2,160 L of air-sparging, TPH concentration of soil decreased from 9,551 mg/kg to 390 mg/kg and TPH concentration of groundwater reduced to lower than 5 mg/L. Results suggested that the combination process of the in-situ hydrogen peroxide flushing and the air-sparging has a great possibility to simultaneously remediate fuel contaminated soil and groundwater.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.97-105
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• 2011

A wide diversity of liquid fertilizers and composts produced from the livestock manure in Korea is commonly applied to agricultural lands as an alternative of chemical fertilizers. However, their effects on the crop production and environmental impacts are still vague. The current study was investigated the property changes of paddy soils in sandy loam and silty loam treated with 1) control (no treatment), 2) chemicals, 3) storage liquid fertilizer and 4) SCB liquid fertilizer located in Gyeong-gi province, Korea. The chemical properties of soils in sandy loam and silty loam before the treatment were similar with the ones in the average paddy fields in Korea. Contrary to this, the amount of available phosphorus in sandy loam was higher than the one in the average paddy fields. The number of living organisms in sandy loam and silty loam treated with storage liquid fertilizer and SCB liquid fertilizer were higher than the ones in sandy loam and silty loam with no-treatment and chemicals. Significant difference (P<0.05) among the treatments and no-treatment was observed in sandy loam rather than in silty loam. The amounts of heavy metals were the highest in both sandy loam and silty loam treated with storage liquid fertilizer and SCB liquid fertilizer. The comparison of heavy metals showed that the ones in silty loam were little bit higher than sandy loam. The leaf lengths and dry weights of rices were increased over time, however, no significant difference was observed among each treament. In addition, the rice yield in sandy loam treated with SCB liquid fertilizer was higher than the ones in sandy loam. The highest rice yield was obtained from sandy loam treated with chemicals, but there was no significant difference between storage liquid fertilizer and SCB liquid fertilizer. While the rate of nutrient absorption by rices was the highest in sandy loam and silty loam treated with chemicals, there was no significant difference in sandy loam and silty loam treated with livestock liquid manure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil Zoology Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.5-5
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• 1997

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.914-920
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• 1965