• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.325-328
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• 2001

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of plug cell volume and medium on rooting and growth of lateral shoot cuttings of a few tomato cultivars. Plug cell volume was varied from 23 to 300 mL or control (cutting bed) and media used were carbonized rice hull (CRH), CRH+perlite, CRH+peatmoss and perlite+peatmoss. Nursery plants were able to be transplanted in 15 to 20 days after lateral shoots cutting in tomato. In volume of cutting media, the pots of 23 to 300 mL were proper, although root growth was gradually limited in decreased media volume. Rooting and growth was not influenced by plug tray cell medium of 120 mL or more. Cherry tomato Pepe (c.v.) showed 100% rooting and better growth, while in Momotaro (c.v.) rooting was 90%. There were 100% rooting and no considerable changes grown in all media tested of cutting plug tray volume of 30 mL.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 2012

This study was conducted in a glasshouse to examine the possibility of producing tomato plug seedlings in a newly-developed inert phenolic foam medium. Plug seedlings of 'Madison' tomato were grown in four pellet type media, Grodan rockwool, UR rockwool, phenolic foam LC, and phenolic foam LC-lite. Seed germination was checked for 7 days. Seedling growth was measured at 19 days after sowing. The greatest germination was obtained in the phenolic foam LC and phenolic foam LC-lite. Plant height, hypocotyl length, leaf area, dry weight, and fresh weight were significantly greater in the rockwool medium than those in the other media. However, the T/R ratio and stem diameter were the greatest in the phenolic foam LC than those in the other media. The total porosity and container capacity of the phenolic foam LC was higher than in the other media. The air space (%) was lowest in the phenolic foam LC. Overall, the phenolic foam LC and phenolic foam LC-lite produced seedlings with similar growth as the rockwool. These results suggested that both phenolic foam LC and phenolic foam LC-lite have potential to be used in production of plug seedlings of 'Madison' tomato.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.358-365
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• 2019

This study was conducted to estimate the dimensions of horticultural products and the mean plant height of plug seedlings using three-dimensional (3D) images. Two types of camera, a ToF camera and a stereo-vision camera, were used to acquire 3D images for horticultural products and plug seedlings. The errors calculated from the ToF images for dimensions of horticultural products and mean height of plug seedlings were lower than those predicted from stereo-vision images. A new indicator was defined for determining the mean plant height of plug seedlings. Except for watermelon with tap, the errors of circumference and height of horticultural products were 0.0-3.0% and 0.0-4.7%, respectively. Also, the error of mean plant height for plug seedlings was 0.0-5.5%. The results revealed that 3D images can be utilized to estimate accurately the dimensions of horticultural products and the plant height of plug seedlings. Moreover, our method is potentially applicable for segmenting objects and for removing outliers from the point cloud data based on the 3D images of horticultural crops.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.108-114
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• 2007

This study was conducted to clarify the effects of the different mixing ratios of substrate mixtures based on peat moss and the concentration of nutrient solution on the growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedlings. Substrates such as peat moss, rice hull, carbonized rice hull, decomposed sawdust, perlite and granular rock wool were mixed and used. The concentration of nutrient solution were adjusted to EC $0.5{\sim}1.5mS/cm$. The volumetric moisture contents became higher as peat moss mixed were much more. Total porosities in all substrate mixtures were over 80%, and pH in substrate mixtures became lower as the volume of peat moss mixed higher. Mixing ratios of substrates suitable for the production of tomato seedlings with the higher quality were peat moss:rice hull:carbonized rice hull:decomposed sawdust:perlite=25:10:25:20:20(v/v). The plant growth was not significant among the different substrate mixtures. However, plant growth such as plant height, leaf area, and total dry weight became significantly increased as EC increasing.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.259-265
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• 2003

The physiological changes and antioxidant enzyme activities of plug seedlings irradiated with 4 kJ${\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}d^{-1}$ UV-B or sprayed growth inhibitors of 50 ${\cdot}L^{-1}$ diniconazole and 500 mg${\cdot}L^{-1}$ hexaconazole for retarding the overgrowth of cucumber, tomato and hot pepper seedlings in summer season were investigated. Photosynthetic rate just after UV-B irradiation was significantly low but recovered to the level of non-treated seedlings 10 days after IV-B irradiation. And photosynthetic rate of chemical-sprayed seedlings was slightly lower in tomatoes but not different in cucumbers and peppers, compared with non-treated seedlings. Cholrophyll contens in the leaves showed no difference among treatments. Anthocyanin contents in the leaves of UV-B-irradiated seedlings were higher and no difference inchmical-sprayed seedlings, compared with non-treated seedlings. the activites of SOD(superoside dismutase), CAT )catalase), and POD(perosidase) of UV-B-irradated seedlings were higher thatn those of the non-irradiated seedlings just after UV-B irradiation. However. 10 days after UV-B irradiation, the activities were decreased to half of the value just after UV-B irradiation Whereasd the activies of chemical-sprayed seedlings were slightly higher than those of non-treated ones but lower than those of UV-B-irradiated one.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.370-376
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• 2009

To produce uniform seedlings of tomato and cucumber with inexpensive way, their seedling quality by different light sources was investigated. The raising of seedling was performed by red LED (light emitting diodes), blue LED, red-blue mixed LED or fluorescent light with a fixed PPF(photosynthetic proton flux) level, about $40{\sim}60{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}sec^{-1}$. In the both tomato and cucumber, the rapid extension of hypocotyledonary axis was observed in Blue LED than fluorescent light, but opposite result was found in Red and mixed LED. During the nursery period of tomato and cucumber, the fresh weight was the highest in Red LED as 74% increasement in tomato and 74% in cucumber. In the case of seedling quality after the tomato nursery, there was no difference in the positions of 1st flower cluster and the number of bearing-flower per flower cluster by each light source. In case of cucumber, until 20th node, the setting ratio of female flower was higher in LED than fluorescent treatment, and also more healthy fruit setting was found in LED. Therefore, we assume that the Red or mixed (Red 2 + Blue 1) LED is more favorable to produce high quality tomato and cucumber seedlings in closed nursery facility.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2010

This study was conducted to find out the effect of diniconazole treatment by seed soaking on the stretching of tomato and cucumber seedlings. The emergence rate of tomato and cucumber seed was decreased as diniconazole concentration was higher and soaking period was longer. The emergence rate of tomato seedlings was lower as the soaking period was longer in $1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ concentration treatments, although there was no significant difference. The other concentration treatment (10, 50, and $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) reduced emergence rate of tomato seedlings outstandingly in higher concentration and longer treated period, but 90% of treated seeds emerged at 10 days after sowing. As the concentration of diniconazol was higher and soaking period was longer, plant height and growth rate of seedlings were retarded. There covery of internodes growth was faster in lower concentration and shorter soaking period. The top and root fresh weight and dry weight of tomato and cucumber seedlings was not influenced by $1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ concentration, but these growth characteristics were reduced in higher concentration and longer soaking period. The dwarfed cucumber seedlings treated by diniconazol showed normal growth rate after planting and their male and female flower was set normally. These results suggest that the proper concentration and soaking period of diniconazol may be $10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ concentration for 12 hours in tomato seed, and $1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ concentration for 24 hours in cucumber seed.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.205-209
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• 2007

This experiment was conducted to investigate the growth of plug seedlings and yield of tomato affected by the concentration of triazole and the treatment time. The length and leaf area of tomato seed-lings were reduced by the application of triazole compared to control. Growth reduction of seedlings was greater by earlier application and higher concentration of triazole. The growth of tomato treated with hexaconazole were similar with control 4 weeks after sowing. The triazole treatment lowered the height of the first fruit set compared to control. However, triazole treatment did not affect the number of fruits and yield.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.81-89
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• 2004

This study was conducted in a commercial plug glasshouse in Sacheon to examine the possibility of producing tomato plug seedlings using various growing media containing cellular glass foam (CGF)and carbonized chestnut woodchips (CCW) as medium components. Plug seedlings of 'Seogun' tomato were grown in media containing 50% CCW＋50% peatmoss, 33% CGF＋67% peatmoss, and 50% peatmoss＋50% granular rockwool. A commercial plug medium (Tosilee) was used as the control. All seeds were sown in 200 cell plug trays on November 28, 2001. Seedling growth was measured at 31 days after sowing. Each treatment showed a similar growth result as compared to the control. Plant height, root grade, fresh weight, and air space and bulk density of the medium were significantly greater in the 33% CGF＋67% peatmoss treatment than those in the other media. However, growth was slightly suppressed in the 50% CCW＋50% peatmoss. pH and EC of the media were the highest in the control treatment, although no toxicity symptoms had been observed. The results suggest that perlite can be replaced with a new material such as CGF in the commercial scale production of plug seedlings of 'Seogun' tomato.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.727-735
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• 2016

This research was conducted to investigate the influence of various pre-planting $NO_3:NH_4$ ratios in the coir dust+peatmoss+perlite (3.5:3.5:3, v/v/v) medium on the growth of tomato plug seedlings (cv. Dotaerang Dia), changes in chemical properties of root media, and tissue nutrient contents. With the fixation of N concentration to $300mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, the $NO_3:NH_4$ ratios were adjusted to 100:0, 73:27, 50:50, 27:73, 0:100. Then, root media containing various $NO_3:NH_4$ ratios and equal concentration of other essential nutrients were filled into 50-cell plug trays and the seeds of 'Dotaerang Die' tomato were sown. The investigation of seedling growth and tissue analysis for mineral nutrient contents based on the dry weight of above-ground tissue were conducted 6 weeks after sowing. As seedlings grew, the EC decreased quickly and pH increased gradually in the all treatment media. The plant height, fresh weight and dry weight of seedlings in the treatment of 50:50 ($NO_3:NH_4$) were 29.0 cm, 13.7 g, and 1.21 g, respectively, which were the highest among treatments tested. However, the seedlings in the treatment of 0:100 ($NO_3:NH_4$) had 26.5 cm, 11.2 g, and 0.92 g in plant height, fresh weight and dry weight, respectively. These were the poorest among the treatments tested. The tissue contents of N were 2.77 to 3.22% in all the treatments. The treatment of 27:73 ($NO_3:NH_4$) had the highest contents of Fe, Mn and Zn and that of 0:100 ($NO_3:NH_4$) had the lowest contents of Mg, Na, Cu, Mn and Zn among the treatments tested. The results indicate that $NH_4$ ratio should be lower than 50% in the coir dust+peatmoss+perlite (3.5:3.5:3, v/v/v) medium for seedling growth of tomato and the optimum ratio will be used to draw up guide lines for plug seedling production.