• Magazine of korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.28-34
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• 2007

• Magazine of korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.99-113
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• 2001

• Magazine of korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.28-38
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• 2004

• Magazine of korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.18-30
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• 2001

• Magazine of korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.27-36
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• 2001

• Magazine of korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.5-17
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• 2020

• Magazine of korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.31-37
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• 2012

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.561-573
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• 2012

Recently, tunnel constructions have been increased in Korea. According to the increment of tunnel constructions, cases of tunnel collapses also have been increased under tunnel construction. Among these tunnel collapses, after a certain amount of time has elapsed due to excessive displacements on slope of tunnel exit or entrance, cases of tunnel collapse have been increased rapidly. Therefore, the case study was conducted in this study to figure out factors effect on the tunnel collapses due to excessive displacements on tunnel exit or entrance slopes. Base on the case study, the fragmental zone of fault and the rainfall were most important factors on the collapse.

• Magazine of korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.5-27
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• 2016

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-24
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• 2018

The use of TBM (tunnel boring machine) gradually increases in worldwide tunneling projects. TBM machine are often applied to more difficult and complex geological conditions in urban area, and many problems and difficulties have been reported due to these geological conditions. However, in Korea, there is a lack of research on difficult grounds so far. This paper discussed general aspects of investigation method, and problems of TBM tunneling in difficult grounds. Construction cases that passed through the difficult grounds in worldwide were analyzed and the typical difficult grounds were classified into 11 cases. For each case, the definition and general problems were summarized. Particularly, for mixed ground and boulder ground, and fault zone, which are frequent geological conditions in urban area with shallow depth, classification system, investigation methods and major considerations were discussed, and proposed the direction of future research. This paper is a basic study for the development of TBM construction technology in difficult ground, and it is expected that it will be useful for related research and construction of TBM in difficult ground in the future.