• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.819-827
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• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, alcohol metabolizing, and hepatoprotective effects of hot water (MOW) and 80% ethanol (MOE) extracts from moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaf. The total phenol content of MOW and MOE were 45.49 and 63.06 mg tannic acid equivalents/g, respectively. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activities of MOW and MOE were remarkably elevated in a dose-dependent manner, and about 60.8% and 71.3% at 1 mg/mL, respectively (P<0.01). Superoxide dismutase-like activities of MOW and MOE were 2.8% and 7.4% at 5 mg/mL, respectively (P<0.05). ${\alpha}-Glucosidase$ inhibitory activity also increased in a dose-dependent manner in both extracts, and MOE was higher about two times than MOW at 5 mg/mL (P<0.001). The effects of MOW and MOE on alcohol metabolizing activity were determined by measuring generation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). ADH and ALDH activities significantly increased upon addition of MOW and MOE (P<0.05). Anti-inflammatory activity was examined in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Nitric oxide production was reduced to 32.1% and 81.2% by addition of MOW and MOE at 1 mg/mL, respectively (P<0.05). MOW and MOE showed significant protective effects against tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep3B cells at $100{\mu}g/mL$. These results suggest that moringa leaf extracts have great potential as natural health products.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.225-236
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the Cyber Home Learning contents of Earth science area in the basic course of the $10^{th}$ grade. For this purpose, we applied the 'Cyber Home Study Content Quality Control Tool' presented in Elementary Secondary Education e-Learning Quality Management Guidelines (Ver.2.0)' of Korea Education & Research Information Service(2008). The results of Cyber home learning contents analysis are as follow: First, it was presented that the study guide introduced the contents which should be studied for one class, properly. And it was not analyzed that the diagnosis assesment was not completed in the initiative study; Second, it was possible to study choosing the contents fitting the learner's level of learning in the main study, it was comprised of about 10 minutes. Third, it was performed without feedback for incorrect answers in the learning assessment, just the number of wrong questions. And the learning arrangement present the important contents learned in that class, summarizing and arranging again. The results of evaluating the contents in Cyber Home Learning are as follows: First, in evaluation section of instructional design, many text materials which were so difficult for learners to read were explained, being provided. Besides, the systematic structures leaves much to be desired, in view of learners' learning experience, contents, and environment. And in evaluation section of learning contents, the error of contents caused the learning contents not to appear, the amount of learning in each section was found too much. Second, in evaluation section of the strategy for Teaching and Learning, when we mention the strategy of Self Directed Learning, the environment to make learners search for information free and self-study possible was not possessed well. And in evaluation section of interaction, it was found that a simple click caused the learning to go on. Third, in evaluation section of evaluating, it was evaluated that there was wanting in consistency in learning aims, contents, evaluation contents.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.522-527
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• 2008

Low molecular peptides were isolated from Asterias amurensis via SDS-PAGE. The peptides were separated via consecutive gel filtration as five fractions (F1-F5) according to molecular weights, based on the results of MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The molecular weight of the most active peptide was estimated as 15,000 daltons. The peptide showed cytotoxicity on normal human fibroblast cells at levels as low as 20% when 1.0 mg/mL of the samples was added. The peptide also exhibited higher levels of nitric oxide production from macrophages than the lipopolysaccaharides. It was determined that prostaglendin $E_2$ production was significantly inhibited, up to 127.8% as compared to the control. The low molecular peptide inhibited hyaluronidase activity as 535.7 ${\mu}g/mL$ of $IC_{50}$. It can be concluded that the relatively low molecular weight peptide, fucoidan, from A. amurensis has excellent cosmetic and immunomodulatory activities, which can be considered as a possible resource of new cosmetic agents for skin immunomodulation.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.159-181
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• 2004

This study examines the realities and causes of youth and new college graduate unemployment, and seeks some assignments for mitigating youth and new college graduate unemployment. An analysis of the realities and causes of youth and new college graduate unemployment is summarized as follows. First, youth unemployment rate, which rapidly increased after the IMF economic crisis, slowly decreased after 2000, but was still somewhat higher in 2002 than that before the IMF. Second, new college graduate unemployment rate, which rapidly increased after the IMF economic crisis, slowly decreased after 2000 and became a similar level to that before the IMF economic crisis, but the number of the unemployed new college graduates highly increased after the IMF. Third, an analysis of the causes of youth unemployment shows that economic growth and the employment elasticity of economic growth negatively affect the unemployment rate, and the rate of entrance into colleges positively affects the unemployment rate. Fourth, an analysis of the causes of new college graduate unemployment demonstrates that economic growth and the employment elasticity of economic growth negatively affect the unemployment rate, and the increase rate of new college graduates, the college graduate/youth population ratio, and the time trend positively affect the unemployment rate. These results suggest several implications for mitigating the unemployment rate of the youth and new college graduates. First, in order to increase labor demand, emphasis must be placed on preparing economic conditions which can raise economic growth rate and on fostering industries and occupations which have high employment elasticity. Second, in the aspect of labor supply, it is necessary to adjust the number of new college graduates corresponding to labor demands in industries. Third, in order to redress the mismatch between the demand and the supply of the youth labor market, attention should be paid to remedying educational systems such as the activation of vocational education and training in middle and high schools and the reformation of college education to match the education and training provided in colleges and the skills requirements of the world of work, and preparing a unified program to support the youth unemployed systematically and synthetically.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.755-758
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• 2005

Wild grape is a traditional medicine plant in north-eastern part of Asia and has been known to have healing properties for various illnesses. This study was to determine the optimum extraction condition and antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of wild grape (V. coignetiae) seed. Also, organic solvent fractions of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol were obtained from the ethanol extract of wild grape seed at different temperatures. Total ethanol extraction yield of wild grape seed ranged from $4\%\;to\;12\%$ depending on the ethanol concentration, extraction temperature and time condition. The highest extraction yield of $11.9\%$ was obtained at $90\%$ ethanol condition for 12 hour at $70^{\circ}C$. However, the strongest free radical scavenging effect $(RC_{50})$ with $20.93\mu g/mL$ was observed in $70\%$ ethanol extract of wild grape seed extracted for 6 hour at $70^{\circ}C,\;while\;RC_{50}\;with\;40.42$\mu g/mL$ was observed in $90\%$ ethanol extract for 12 hour at $70^{\circ}C$. Antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of wild grape seed increased as total phenol contents increased. Among each fraction obtained from organic solvents, ethyl acetate fraction was found to have the strongest $RC_{50}\;(8.6\mu g/mL)$ and 636.77 mg GAE/g phenol contents .

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.356-365
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• 2021

Recently, we sequenced the entire genome of a freshwater agar-degrading bacterium Cellvibrio sp. KY-GH-1 (KCTC13629BP) to explore genetic information encoding agarases that hydrolyze agarose into monomers 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose (L-AHG) and D-galactose. The KY-GH-1 strain appeared to possess nine β-agarase genes and two α-neoagarobiose hydrolase (α-NABH) genes in a 77-kb agarase gene cluster. Based on these genetic information, the KY-GH-1 strain-caused agarose degradation into L-AHG and D-galactose was predicted to be initiated by both endolytic GH16 and GH86 β-agarases to generate NAOS (NA4/NA6/NA8), and further processed by exolytic GH50 β-agarases to generate NA2, and then terminated by GH117 α-NABHs which degrade NA2 into L-AHG and D-galactose. More recently, by employing E. coli expression system with pET-30a vector we obtained three recombinant His-tagged GH50 family β-agarases (GH50A, GH50B, and GH50C) derived from Cellvibrio sp. KY-GH-1 to compare their enzymatic properties. GH50A β-agarase turned out to have the highest exolytic β-agarase activity among the three GH50 isozymes, catalyzing efficient NA2 production from the substrate (agarose, NAOS or AOS). Additionally, we determined that GH117A α-NABH, but not GH117B α-NABH, could potently degrade NA2 into L-AHG and D-galactose. Sequentially, we examined the enzymatic characteristics of GH50A β-agarase and GH117A α-NABH, and assessed their efficiency for NA2 production from agarose and for production of L-AHG and D-galactose from NA2, respectively. In this review, we describe the benefits of recombinant GH50A β-agarase and GH117A α-NABH originated from Cellvibrio sp. KY-GH-1, which may be useful for the enzymatic hydrolysis of agarose for mass production of L-AHG and D-galactose.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.264-274
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• 1993

This study was carried out to assess the agronomic characters and physicochemical properties of floury and chalky-endosperm mutant lines induced by chemical mutagen treatment to rice varieties, Hwacheongbyeo and IR24. Linkage analysis of a floury-endosperm gene was carried out using linkage testers. The grain size of brown rice of the mutants was smaller than that of the original varieties. The l, 000-grain and 1$\ell$ weight were lighter in the mutants compared with those in the original varieties. The compound starch granules in the endosperm cell of the mutants showed a loosely-packed crystalline structure. Amylose contents in mutants ranged from 16.9 to 28.5%. Crude protein contents of the mutants were not significantly different from the original rice variety, Hwacheongbyeo, but white core mutant(line 47106) derived from IR24 showed higher protein(l1.32%) compared with IR24(8.30%). The mutants showed slightly harder gel characteristics, and much lower viscosity in Amylograph than original varieties. Steamed rice-cakes from mutant lines showed greater volume than those from original varieties. During the process of alcohol fermentation, Brix in the mutants(especially floury mutants) decreased faster and the alcohol production after 10-day fermentation was much greater in the mutants than in the original varieties. Three different gene loci for floury endosperm characteristics were identified from the allelism test among mutant lines, and the genes were tentatively symbolized as flo-a, flo-b and flo-c, respectively. A floury gene, flo-a, was linked with lg(liguleless) gene in the linkage group N, with R.V. 5.76$\pm$1.72%.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

Recently, duck meat consumption has been rapidly increased because consumers recognized duck meat for healthy food. In relation to this, Korean duck industry need to develop Korean native duck (KND) breed for both conservation perspective and self-sufficient of the breeding stocks. In this study, 24 microsatellite (MS) markers were investigated for classification of KND and commercial duck (CD) breeds in the Korean market. Using these MS markers, the calculated number of alleles (K), expected heterozygosity (He) values and polymorphic information contents (PIC) were 1~16, 0~0.865 and 0~0.841, respectively. Also, the expected probability of identical values in random individuals (PI), random sib ($PI_{sib}$) and random half-sib ($PI_{half-sib}$) were estimated as $1.64{\times}10^{-16}$, $2.60{\times}10^{-7}$ and $1.30{\times}10^{-12}$, respectively. The results indicated that the expected probabilities of identity powers were enough for the individual identification. However, KND and CD breeds were not fully discriminated well using the 24 MS markers, which may CD and KND has shared same origin or crossbred. Therefore, further studies will be ultimately needed for developing a genetically pure line of KND breed even though the DNA markers used. Finally, these results will provide useful information for individual traceability system in ducks.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.173-182
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to compared the early growth pattern, stem, leaf and root weight, DM yield, flowering characteristics and preference for selection of turf type grasses and wild flower species in mixtures combination for wildflower pasture. The experimental design included five species of turf grasses and 11 species of wildflower : turf type grass species{Kentucky bluegrass(Midnight), tall fescue(Millennium), perennial ryegrass(Palmer III), redtop(Barricuda) and creeping bentgrass(Crenshaw)}, wildflower species {Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. Coreopsis lanceolata L., Rudbeckia bicolor Nutt.., Dianthus chinensis L., Chrysanthemum lindicum L., Lotus corniculatus var. Japonicus Regel, Veronica linariaefolia Pallas, Aster koraiensis Nakai., Chrysanthemum zanadskii var. latilobum (Maxim.) Kitamura, Lythrum anceps Makino and Iris pallassi var. chinensis Lodd}. The field trials were carried out on the experimental pasture plots of Chungnam National University from January 2005 to December 2006. The appropriate species of turf grass which have a mixture possibility with wildflower are thought to be Kentucky bluegrass. Compared with Kentucky bluegrass, on the other hand, species such as Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L., Lotus corniculatus var. Japonicus Regel, Chrysanthemum zanadskii var. latilobum Maxim.) Kitamura and Lythrum anceps Makino have shown advantageous aspects of fast early growth pattern and highly weights of stem, leaf and root. Futhermore, these wild flowers were in harmony and no overlap on flower color, flowering periods and flowering longevity, and highly preference by Korean native goats. For the establishment of wildflower pasture in Korea, therefore, it is important to select the appropriate species of turf glasses, which have a weak competition against wild flowers, and then to make mixture combination of those turf glasses with the various wild flowers which have a strong competition against turf glasses but have a different anthesis characteristics among themselves.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.25-34
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• 2015

TThis study explored the requirement of fabric sensor that can measure the motion of the joint effectively by measuring and analyzing the variation in electric resistance of a sensor in accordance with bending and stretching motion of the arm by the implementation of a motion sensor utilizing conductive fabric. For this purpose, on both sides of two kinds of knitted fabric, namely 'L' fabric and 'W' fabric Single Wall Carbon Nano-Tube(SWCNT) was coated, fabric sensor was developed by finishing them in a variety of ways, and the sensor was attached to the arm band. The fabric sensor consisted of total 48 cases, namely background fabric for coating, the method of sensor attachment, the number of layer of sensors, the length of sensor, and the width of sensor. The performance of fabric motion sensors in terms of a dummy arm, that is, a Con-Trex MJ with 48 arm bands around it was evaluated. For each arm band, a total of 48, fastened around the dummy arm, it was adjusted to repeat the bending and stretching at the frequency : 0.5Hz, ROM : $20^{\circ}{\sim}120^{\circ}$, the voltage was recorded for each case after conducting three sets of repeat measurement for a total of 48 cases. As a result of the experiment, and as a consequences of the evaluation and analysis of the voltage based on the uniformity of the base line of the peak-to-peak voltage(Vp-p), the uniformity of Vp-p within the same set, and the uniformity of the Vp-p among three sets, the fabric sensors that have been configured in SWCNT coated 'L' fabric / welding / two layers / $50{\times}5mm$, $50{\times}10mm$, $100{\times}10mm$, and SWCNT coated 'W' fabric / welding / two layers / $50{\times}10mm$ exhibited the most uniform and stable signal value within 5% of the total variation rate. Through all these results of the experiment, it was confirmed that SWCNT coated fabric was suitable for a sensor that can measure the human limb operation when it was implemented as a fabric sensor in a variety of forms, and the optimal sensor types were identified.