• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.277-284
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• 2021

The ballasted flocculation effects of the mill scale and magnetite on activated sludge were investigated. Both ballasted flocculants (BF) could remarkably improve the sludge settleability in terms of zone settling velocity (ZSV) and sludge volume index (SVI). With the BF dosage of 0.2 to 2.0 g-BF/g-SS, the magnetite particles showed better efficiency on improving settling behavior of activated sludge than the mill scale due to higher surface area and hydrophobic property. The efficiency of SVI₃₀ with magnetite injection was 2.5 to 11.3% higher than mill scale injection and that of the ZSV appreciated from 23.7% to 44.4% for magnetite injection. Averaged floc size of the BF sludge with magnetite dosage (0.5 g-BF/g-SS) was 2.3 times higher than that of the control sludge. Dewaterability of the sludge was also greatly improved by addition of the BF. The specific resistance to filtration (SRF) was reduced exponentially with increasing the dosage of BF. However, the BF's particle size effect on the SRF looks to be marginal. Consequently, for improving the dewaterability, the BF played a physical role to remove the pore water of the biological flocs by intrusive attachment and a chemical role to induce aggregation of the flocs by charge neutralization.

• The Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.1 s.392
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• pp.88-89
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• 2002

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.1225-1232
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• 2000

This study was carried out to define the effect of electron beam irradiation on the physico-chemical characteristics of sewage sludges. The experimental evidence showed that both pH and alkalinity of irradiated sludge were generally increased as the dose of irradiation increased. It was found that the soluble protein concentration (SPC) and soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) from the sludge right after electron beam irradiation at 3kGy(kilo-joule/kg) increased 2.2 times and 10 times respectively more than those sludges without electron beam treatment. This highly solubilized organics could be resulted in a good soluble substrate for the subsequent anaerobic digestion process. The specific resistance of filtration (SRF) tests showed that sludge dewaterability under electron beam irradiation at 6kGy was found to be 8.8 times higher than that of unirradiated sludge. The sludge dewaterability seemed to be directly related to the dosage of electron beam irradiation up to 10kGy. However, the efficiency of sludge dewaterability tended to be smaller with higher applied irradiation dose. In comparing treatments by different inorganic chemical conditioner with irradiated and unirradiated sludges, it appeared that the dewaterability with irradiated sludge was approximately 4-10 times better that that of unirradiated sludge. Even electron beam treatment itself could replace the result from the sludge conditioned with inorganic chemical coagulants.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.56-56
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• 2002

제지산업의 발전에 따라 치환도가 다른 여러 가지 용도의 양성 전분이 개발되어 적 용되고 있다. 특히 보류제로서 양성전분을 사용할 경우 보류 향상과 더불어 강도개선 효과를 동시에 얻을 수 있는 이점을 지니고 었다. 하지만 용수 조건의 악화, 미세분 함 량의 증가 등과 같은 점차 열악해지는 초지공정에 적용하기 위해서는 보다 높은 치환 도의 전분이 요구 되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 고치환 양성 전분이 초지계 내에 첨가되었올 경우 나타나는 홉 착 특성을 파악하고, 보류 및 탈수 성능을 평가함으로서 올바른 적용 방법을 제시하고 적용 효율의 극대화를 모색하고자 하였다. 산-염기 세척과정을 거쳐 제조한 활엽수 BKP를 이용해 지료를 조성하고, DDA

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.343-349
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• 1998

The effect of pH on the dehydration reaction of $TiCL_4$ solution. KOH and HC1 were used as a accelerater and retarder in dehydration. Results are follow. Neutralization point is pH 7.4 in the system of $TiCL_4$- KOH and the production which is produced at acidic side is Ti -gel of poly metatitanic acid. The production which is produced at alkalic side is aligomer and crystalline potasium titanate is not detected.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.386-391
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the indole acetic acid (IAA) formation in soils as a biological indicator for the health of rice paddy soils with control, nitrogen sole, chemical fertilizer (NPK), and chemical fertilizer plus compost (CNPK) plots. There was a positive relationship between colorimetric method and high performance liquid chromatography for IAA in soils determined, and the values were similar between two methods, as $0.83{\sim}1.23{\mu}g\;IAA\;g^{-1}h^{-1}$ in colorimetric method, $0.80{\sim}1.29{\mu}g\;IAA\;g^{-1}h^{-1}$ in HPLC method. Numbers of dehydrogenase-producing bacteria and the IAA production in soils were high in NPK and CNPK plots comparing with control and nitrogen sole plots. Also there was high correlation between numbers of dehydrogenase-producing bacteria and IAA production in soils.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.56-57
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• 1995

막반응기는 반응물이나 생성물을 선택적으로 분리함으로써 반응과 분리를 동시에 수행한다. 이러한 막반응기는 주로 열역학적인 평형에 의해 전화율이 제약되는 반응의 전화율을 높이기 위해서 연구되어 왔다. 수소의 저장 방법의 하나인 액상 하이드라이드법에서 저장된 수소를 다시 분리해 내기 위해 사용되는 사이클로헥산의 탈수소화 반응에 대해 많은 연구가 이루어졌다. 그러나 앞선 연구자들의 결과는 막의 투과도가 낮아서 반응기의 performance가 투과율에 의해 결정된다고 보고하였다. 본 연구에서는 막의 투과도와 촉매 양의 변화에 따른 사이클로헥산 탈수소화 반응의 전화율 변화를 전산모사함으로써, 최적 혹은 최대의 전화율을 나타내는 투과도 및 촉매 양을 결정하는 방법을 제시한다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.733-740
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• 2002

The effects on dewaterability and settlability of wastewater sludge according to acid and ultrasonic pretreatment which was expected to change ECP (exocellular polymers) compounds in the sludge and bulk solution was investigated. Though ECP which attached to the sludge could stimulate coagulation of sludge particles by bridging effect, but ECP in the bulk solution deteriorated dewaterability and settlability of the sludge on the contrary. That is as the pH of the solution was decreased to 3 gradually by acid treatment, proportionally ECP in the bulk solution was attached to the sludge flocs and resulted in improvement of dewaterability and settlability of the sludge. In case of ultrasonic pretreatment, with proportional to the intensity and duration of ultrasonic application, ECP was detached and extracted from sludge flocs and these phenomena deteriorated dewaterability and settlability. Also because of the increasement of minute sludge particles according to ultrasonic, dewaterability became so much the worse.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.305-314
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• 2002

The dehydration of hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA)-exchanged montmorillonite has been studied using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The dehydration in HDTMA-montmorillonite seems to influence the swelling behavior of the organo-clay during heating. The basal d(001) spacing vs temperature curve of the HDTMA-montmorillonite has one broad swelling edge with a shoulder on the low-temperature side. We believe that the shoulder at $100^{\circ}C$ for the HDTMA-montmorillonite is due to interlayer swelling induced by the initial rearrangement of surfactants, and the second edge at $200^{\circ}C$ is caused by interlayer swelling resulting from the secondary vertical reorientation of alkyl chains. It seems that the dehydration of organo-clay induces a reorientation of the alkyl chains by transition to more vertical position relative to the silicate sheets, allowing instantly greater d-spacing.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.790-795
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• 2002

Sporadic reports of hypernatremic dehydration in breastfed newborn infants have appeared in medical literature for at least 3 decades. We report the first case of hypernatremic dehydration resulting from inadequate breast-feeding in Korea. A 14-day old baby, born to a mentally retarded mother, was transferred to our hospital with a body weight loss of 460 g since birth(17%) and a serum sodium(Na) level of 179 mEq/L, after initial hydration at another hospital. On admission, a cardiac murmur was heard and an enlarged liver was palpated. Cardiac ultrasonogram revealed ventricular septal defect and ostium secundum atrial septal defect. During hydration, a seizure-like attack developed. Serum Na decreased to 135 mEq/L on the 5th day of admission. Brain ultrasonography and brain magnetic resonance image revealed no remarkable abnormalities. Electroencephalography was normal. She suffered from prerenal azotemia, hyperglycemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation at admission but was treated successfully. Heart failure was also controlled with dobutamine, diuretics and digoxin.