• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.55-72
• /
• 2009

The timing of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion from source rocks can be evaluated by reconstructing the geohistory of the basin using petroleum system modeling. The Tyee basin is generally considered having a high hydrocarbon generation potential For the southern part of the basin, the basin evolution from a structural and stratigraphic points of view, the thermal history, and the burial history were reconstructed and simulated using numerical tools of basin modeling. An evaluation of organic geochemistry for the potential source rocks and the possible petroleum systems were analysed to improve the understanding of the hydrocarbon charge of the basin. Organic geochemical data indicate that the undifferentiated Umpqua Group, mudstones of the Klamath Mountains, and coals and carbonaceous mudstones in the Remote Member and the Coquille River Member are the most potential gas-prone source rocks in the basin. The relatively high maturity of the southern Tyee basin is related to deep burial resulting from loading by the Coos bay strata. And the heating by intrusion from the western Cascade arc also affects to the high maturity of the basin. The maturation of source rocks, the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion were evaluated by means of basin modeling. The modeling results reveal that the hydrocarbon was generated in all potential source rocks and an expulsion only occurred from the Remote Member.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.47 no.5
• /
• pp.565-571
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate hydrocarbon and water dew points of natural gas. For this purpose, algorithm of suppressing divergence was devised to evaluate hydrocarbon dew point up to near critical point and algorithm for finding water dew points lower than that of hydrocarbon, which cannot be calculated by commercial dew point program, was developed. The evaluated values were compared to commercial program and ISO reference values, and the results showed that deviations were zero.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.170-180
• /
• 1998

This study presents a method for calculating the concentration of hydrocarbon releases in enclosed areas using empirical equations of evaporation rate. The approach of the method is to estimate the hydrocarbon exposure concentration in the air under conditions assumed. A methodology for assessing risk was suggested to individual risk assessment to exposed workers or others by probit expressions. The toxicity criteria and available human exposure data were examined and guidelines for risk assessment suggested for benzene-air and toluene-air systems. The value of probit constants with mole fractions of lethal concentrations in a mixture of hydrocarbons and a non-toxic substance was predicted. The probit values calculated with mole fractions can be used to estimate guidelines to prevent toxicity within enclosed working areas.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.329-339
• /
• 2006

The production of lower olefins from methanol becomes an attractive process because of the rapid increase in crude oil price. This paper reivews the conversion mechanisms of methanol to hydrocarbons over zeolite and SAPO molecular sieve catalysts to understand the formation steps of lower olefins from methanol. The feasibility of the conversion mechanisms such as the direct mechanism based on well-defined intermediates and the hydrocarbon pool mechanism involving hydrocarbon moieties as an active centers is discussed with reepect to the induction period, the selectivity for products and the deactivation phenomena of the methanol conversion. The literature appeered since 1999 for the structure of the hydrocarbon pool and its catalytic role in the methanol conversion are summariged, and the prospect for the methanol-to-olefins process is described.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.324-333
• /
• 1997

This research was conducted to determine contents of lipids and hydrocarbons for plants distributed in the sourthern region of Korea. The lipid extracts from each plants were purified by solvent fractionation, column chromatography. TLC and analyzed by gas chromatography. As a result, contents netural lipids and phospholipids were the highest in Aleurites fordii and Camellia japonica among the all plants examined. Most of the fatty acids in lipids was palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid. Content of hydrocarbon was the highest in Fatsia japonica among the all plants examined. Hydrocarbons contained in the plant was mainly more than 16 number of carbons.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.78-84
• /
• 2007

In the regeneratively cooled combustion chambers of liquid rocket engine using hydrocarbon fuels, coking occurs as the wall temperature increases which results in compounds deposition on the wall of cooling channels. This phenomenon reduces cooling capability of the coolant which finally causes damage to the combustor by overheating of the chamber wall. In this paper, experiment results using an electrical heating equipment to simulate the regeneratively cooled channel are introduced and based on the results the compatibility of copper alloy with hydrocarbon fuel Jet A-1 is investigated.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.2 s.58
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2005

An accurate knowledge of the minimum oxygen concentration(MOC) is important in developing appropriate prevention and control measures in industrial fire protection. In this study, by using the literature data and RSM(response surface methodology), the new equations for predicting the MOC are proposed. The A.A.P.E.(average absolute percent error) and the A.A.D.(average absolute deviation) of the reported and the calculated MOC for hydrocarbons were $3.48\%\;and\;0.37\;vol\%$, respectively and the correlation coefficient was 0.919. The A.A.P.E and the A.A.D of the reported and the calculated MOC for halogenated hydrocarbons and hydrocarbons were $5.06\%$ and $0.59vo1\%$, and the correlation coefficient was 0.938. The values calculated by the proposed equations were in good agreement with the literature data. Therefore, it is expected that this proposed equations will support the use of the research for other flammable substances.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2000.11a
• /
• pp.229-232
• /
• 2000

The carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and phosphate removals from wastewater using microalgae have extensively been studied. Especially, the green colonial algae Botryococcus braunii is characterized by unusual high hydrocarbon contents, ranging from 15 to 75% of dry weight, as long-chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. These hydrocarbons suggest that the possibility of renewable biofuels to be converted into useful fuels such as gasoline by simple catalytic cracking. The poor recovery (18 - 32%) of hydrocarbon from B. braunii culture in two-phase bubble column seems to be caused by insufficient mixing between two phases, which was operated using only aeration on the narrow interface between hydrophobic solvent and cell suspension. In addition, hydrocarbon was entrapped tightly in cell-matrix (formed by exopolysaccharide) of algal colony, which make difficult to extract using two-phase system. In order to overcome low recovery efficiency, two-stage extraction culture system including culture vessel and two-phase separator is now under development, resulted improving contact between solvent phase and cell suspension. Hydrocarbon recovery using this process was more than two times as that using two-phase extraction culture.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.129-135
• /
• 1996

The entrapping capacity of the single hydrocarbons and the entrapping equilibrium data for binary mixtures of the $C_6$ to $C_9$ hydrocarbons on the activated thiourea have been investigated. The entrapping capacity of single component varied irregularly with molecular size and was independent of temperature. In the liquid phase entrapping from binary system, the lower molecular weight hydrocarbon was entrappe preferentially. In the liquid phase entrapping from trimethylbenzene isomer and ethyltoluene isomer, selectivity was found to be related to the relative position of methyl groups in the molecules and hence the electronic configuration. Pseudocumene of a purity of 99.5wt% may be obtained from $C_9$ aromatic raffinate found in naphtha cracking center. Activated thiourea was more efficient than distillation, extractive crystallization and adductive crystallization in terms of separation factor.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2002.04a
• /
• pp.112-115
• /
• 2002

The green colonial algae Botryococcus braunii is characterized by unusual high hydrocarbon contents, ranging from 15 to 75% of dry weight, as long-chain unsaturated hydrocarbons. In two-phase bubble column using various organic solvents, poor recovery 08 - 32%) of hydrocarbon seems to be caused by insufficient mixing between two phases, which was operated using only aeration on the narrow interface between hydrophobic solvent and cell suspension. In addition, hydrocarbon was entrapped tightly in cell-matrix (formed by exopolysaccharide) of algal colony, which make difficult to extract using two-phase system. To improve recovery efficiency, mixed-solvent of extractive solvent (octane) and biocompatible solvent (octane) was tested in two-phase column for in situ extraction. In two-phase extraction culture using mixed-solvent, the algal growth was intensely inhibited even at low concentration of polar octanol solvent. the hydrocarbon recovery in two-stage cell-recycle extraction showed a 2.9 fold increase (57%) over that in two-phase extraction. Up to 60 % of hydrocarbon could be recovered without serious cell-damage in the case of downstream separation for 6 h at the high recycle flow rate using this process after batch culture.