• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.281-290
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• 2011

We analyzed the basic characteristics and adsorption property of carbonized materials from thinning byproducts of major Korean wood species for evaluating as charcoal making raw material. Yield of charcoal was decreased with increasing the carbonization temperature for all wood species. Refining degrees was 9.0 at $400^{\circ}C$, 3.3~5.0 at $600^{\circ}C$ and 0 at $800^{\circ}C$, and was no difference among wood species. With increasing the carbonization temperature, the fixed carbon content was also increased, and charcoal from softwoods had more fixed carbon content than that from hardwoods. Specific surface area was increased with increasing the carbonization temperature, softwood charcoal had more specific surface area than that of hardwood. Pinus rigida showed the highest specific surface area. In formaldehyde removal by charcoal, some materials had highest at $600^{\circ}C$ and the others had highest at $800^{\circ}C$. Pinus koraiensis, Qurcus acutissima and MDF showed maximum formaldehyde removal ability at $600^{\circ}C$. Ethylene gas removal ability of charcoal was increased with increasing the carbonization temperature, and the charcoal from Pinus rigida and Robinia pseudoacacia had higher ethylene gas removal ability than the other species.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05c
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• pp.73-78
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• 1996

Type 316L 스테인레스강에 대한 질소첨가의 효과를 분석하기 위해 질소를 소량(0.024%)첨가한 합금과 적정량(0.15%) 첨가한 합금을 용해하여 입계부식특성 평가를 하였다. Oxalic시험 및 DL-EPR 시험 결과 적정량의 질소를 첨가한 합금이 소량 첨가한 금보다 우수한 예민화 특성을 보였다. TEM에 의한 미세구조 분석 결과 저질소 합금의 경우 비교적 짧은 열처리 시간에 M$_{23}$C$_{6}$ type의 석출물이 입계를 따라 형성되고 시효시간이 경과 할수록 그양이 급격히 증가하는 양상을 보인 반면에 적정 질소 첨가 합금의 경우 탄화물 생성이 비교적 긴 시효시간으로 늦추어져 예민화 실험 결과와 일치된 결과를 보였다. 두 합금 모두에서 탄화물 이외에 Mo의 함량이 매우 높은 석출물이 관찰되었는데 적정질소 첨가강의 경우 시효 시간의 경과에 따라 초기의 작은 cluster들의 형태에서 시작하여 얇은 박막의 형태로 입계면을 따라 성장하는 양상을 보였고, 반면에 저질소합금의 경우 입계를 따른 작은 석출물들이 cluster들로는 성장하였으나 장시간 시효가 진행됨에 따라 탄화물의 성장에 의해 박막 형태로는 성장하지 못하였다. Mo-rich 박막형상 석출물에 대한 분석 결과 20-면체 준결정상의 형태에 매우 가까운 결정구조를 보였으며 때로 η상과 매우 밀접한 회절 패턴도 관찰되었다. 이러한 상은 적정 질소첨가 합금에서의 탄화물 생성 지연과도 관련이 있을 것으로 추정되었다.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.455-469
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• 2008

A research was conducted to investigate the effect of treatment of woody charred materials such as wood vinegar, charcoal, and mixture of wood vinegar and charcoal on the growth and components of tomato and chinese cabbage. The effect of treatment of woody charred materials on the growth and components of tomato the research findings are as follows. The total number of soil microorganisms increased in the groups treated with woody charred materials compared with the control. The fruit number, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight, hardness and sugar contents of tomato did not show significant difference in all plots treated with woody charred materials, but the plot treated with wood vinegar + charcoal showed relatively higher values in general. Vitamin C contents were shown higher in the plots treated with woody charred materials than the control, and among the treatment plots. The effect of treatment of woody charred materials on the growth and components of chinese cabbage the research findings are as follows. The soil chemical components did not change before and after the treatment of woody charred materials. The total number of soil microorganisms increased in the treatment plots compared with the control, The leaf length, leaf width, inner leaf number, plant weight, and head weight of Chinese cabbage treated with woody charred materials were in general larger than the control. Among the treatment plots, the plot treated with wood vinegar + charcoal showed slightly higher values. The contents of minerals in chinese cabbage such as Ca, Fe, K, Mg and Mn were higher in the treatment plots than the control.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.181-186
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• 2013

In this work, charcoal making characteristics of Quercus phyllyaeoides (which has been known as one of best raw materials for charcoals) was investigated. Charcoal from Quercus phyllyaeoides had more than 85% of fixed carbon, which is 5~25% higher fixed carbon content than other charcoals. Also specific gravity of this charcoal was more than 1.0, which is quite higher than other black charcoals (average of commercial products: 0.52) or white charcoals (average of commercial products: 0.73). Methylene blue adsorption, pH, and adsorption of water vapour was lower than other commercial charcoals. Carolic value of this charcoal was similar to other commercial products. Far infrared ray's emission from this charcoal was higher than others. Application of charcoal from Quercus phyllyaeoides should be consider the characteristics of this product.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 2000

Objective of research is obtain fundamental data of carbonized wood wastes for soil condition, de-ordorization, absorption of water, carrier for microbial activity, and purifying agent for water quality of river. The carbonization technique and the properties of carbonized wood wastes(wood-based materials) were analyzed. Proximate analysis showed the wood-based materials contains 0.37~2.27% ash, 70~74% volatile matter, and 17~20% fixed carbon. As carbonization temperature was increased, the charcoal yield was decreased. However, no difference in charcoal yield was found due to time increase. The specific gravity after the carbonization decreased about 30~40% comparing to green wood. The charcoal had 1.08~4.18% ash, 5.88~13.79% volatile matter, and 80.15~90.94% fixed carbon. The pH of plywood and particleboard(pH 9 at $400^{\circ}C$, pH 10 at $600^{\circ}C$ and $800^{\circ}C$) made charcoals was higher than that of fiberboard. The water-retention capacity was not affected by the carbonization temperature and time. The water-retention capacity within 24h was about 2~2.5 times of sample weight, and the Equilibrium moisture content(EMC) became 2~10% after 24h. EMC of charcoal from the thinned trees were 9.40~11.82%($20^{\circ}C$, RH 90%), 6.87~7.61%($20^{\circ}C$, RH 65%), and 1.69~2.81%($20^{\circ}C$, RH 25%). EMC of charcoal from the wood-based materials under $20^{\circ}C$, relative humidity(RH) 90% was similar to EMC of charcoal from the thinned trees(9~11 %). However, under $20^{\circ}C$, RH 25.65%, EMC of charcoal from the wood-based materials were higher(2~3%) than EMC of charcoal from the thinned trees. Every charcoal from the wood-based materials fulfilled the criteria in JWWA K 113-1947.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.6 no.12
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• pp.1257-1262
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• 1996

1.0Cr-1.0Mo-0.25V강 용접부의 크립 파단 시험시 파단 발생 원인에 관한 연구가 시행되었다. 파괴는 Intercritical Heat Affected Zone에서 발생하였으며 파단면에서 구상의조대한 M6C탄화물이 발견되었다. 모재는 molybdenum 주성분의 M2C, vanadium 주성분의 M4C3 및 chromium 주성분의 M23C6와 M7C3 탄화물이 존재하였다. 모의 실험 결과 준안정 상태인 M2C 탄화물은 85$0^{\circ}C$, 10oh에서 안정한 M6C탄화물로 변태하였다. M6C 탄화물은 주변의 molybdenum 농도를 떨어뜨려 강도의 저하를 가져오며 크립 기공의 발생 원인을 제공하였다.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.488-493
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• 1997

주방상태 및 열처리를 행한 다합금계백주철(Fe-5%Cr-5%V-5%Mo-5%W-X%C(X=0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0)에 있어서 탄소함량이 탄화물의 형태 및 잔류오스테나이트의 함량에 미치는 영향에 관하여 연구하였다. 주방상태의 경우, 2.0% 이하의 탄소함량에서는 편상MC 및 층상 $M_2C$탄화물만 관찰되었으나 2.5%C 이상의 경우, 편상 및 괴상MC, 층상$M_2C$ 그리고 셀형 $M_7C_3$탄화물이 관찰되었다. 또한, 기지조직내 오스테나이트의 함량도 탄소첨가와 더불어 점차 증가하여 2.5%C에서 84.8%의 최대함량을 나타낸 후, 3.0%C에서는 다시 감소하였다. 또한 열처리한 시편의 경우, 1차탄화물의 형상은 주방상태의 그것과 비슷하였으나 열처리중 기지조직내 용해되었던 C, Cr, V, Mo, W등이 아주 미세한 2차탄화물의 형태로 석출되어 기지조직내 오스테나이트의 함량은 주방상태의 그것에 비해 감소하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.53-60
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• 2007

Carbon content, properties of micro-pore, and chemical properties of the charcoal prepared from wood powder, wood fiber, and bark of Abies sibirica Ledeb at different temperatures were investigated. The yield of charcoal decreased with increasing the carbonization temperature. The yield of bark charcoal was higher than those of wood and wood fiber charcoal. The content ratio of carbon atom in the charcoal increased with increasing the carbonization temperature, whereas those of hydrogen and oxygen atom were decreased. Ash content of bark charcoal was also higher than those of wood and wood fiber charcoal. The specific surface area of wood and wood fiber charcoal was greater than that of bark charcoal. In all charcoal, the specific surface area and the volume of micro-pore were highest when the carbonization temperature was $600^{\circ}C$, however they tended to decrease when the temperature was reached to $800^{\circ}C$. For the functionality test of chemical groups on the charcoal surface, adsorption test have performed against acidic (HCl) and basic chemicals (NaOH, $Na_2CO_3$, and $NaHCO_3$). As carbonization temperature increased, adsorption amount of HCl increased, while adsorption amounts of NaOH, $Na_2CO_3$, and $NaHCO_3$ were decreased. The charcoal prepared at higher temperature showed basic properties, while the charcoals manufactured at lower temperature presented acidic properties. Therefore, it was considered that the carbonization temperature affected the pH of charcoal.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.40-51
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• 2006

The objective of this research is to analyze a possibility for the utilization of carbonized bark and develop the technique for carbonization of bark for using as the adsorbent, the soil improvement agent, the carrier for microbial activity, health products, and so on. The properties of bark charcoals such as methylenehlue adsorption (MBA), equilibrium moisture content (EMC), far infra rad emissivity, pH, water retention and caloric value were analyzed. The MBA values of bark charcoals carbonized for 8 hr of carbonization time at $800^{\circ}C$ of carbonization temperature for Larix leptolepis, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus rigida were greater than 110 mg/g. The bark charcoals pH values of all three species that were carbonized for 4 hr of carbonization time at $400^{\circ}C$ of carbonization temperature was 6.6 and carbonized for 4 hr at 600 and $800^{\circ}C$ was about 9. Therefore the bark charcoals of those species could be used as charcoals if the carbonization temperature and time were controlled.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.488-492
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• 2023

In this study, a carbon film derived from a polymer/lignin composite precursor was produced by a carbonization cycle with a controlled temperature profile. The feasibility of successful formation of the carbon film using the carbonization cycle was monitored. The adsorption behavior of the carbon film toward various molecules, such as nonpolar and polar organic molecules, and dyes was investigated using ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy compared with that of carbonized lignin. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis proved that a robust carbon film was prepared by the carbonization cycle. It was also demonstrated that the carbonized lignin and carbon film showed adsorption capability toward all types of organic molecules, in particular organic dyes, owing to the carbonized lignin. This work provides important information for future relevant research.