• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.409-413
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• 2008

최근, 3차원 그래픽스 기술은 애니메이션 필름 제작에 있어서 자주 사용된다. 그러나 많은 애니메이션 필름들은 3차원 그래픽스 기술을 사용하여 제작되더라도, 2차원 셀 애니메이션 효과를 내려고 한다. 3차원 그래픽스 기술을 이용하여 2차원 셀 애니메이션의 효과를 내기 위해서는 렌더링에는 카툰 렌더링이 사용 된다. 그러나 이를 제외하고도 몇 가기 기술이 더 필요한데, 그중 하나가 만화 캐릭터(character)의 만화스러운 움직임이다. 기존의 연구 중에는 기존의 모션을 만화적 모션으로 변형하려는 시도가 있었으나, 셀 애니메이션의 캐릭터 움직임과 차이가 있었다. 또 생성된 모션이 만화적 모션인가 하는 의문에 대한 평가 기준이 없기 때문에, 만화적 모션의 모호성 문제가 발생하였다. 본 논문에서는 직접 애니메이션에서 모션을 얻어내는 시스템을 제안한다. 2차원 애니메이션 동영상에서 2차원 캐릭터의 자세를 보고 3차원 캐릭터의 자세로 반자동 맵핑하여, 3차원 캐릭터의 애니메이션 키 프레임을 생성하고, 이 키 프레임간의 보간을 통해 3차원 캐릭터 애니메이션을 생성한다. 생성된 3차원 캐릭터 애니메이션은 만화적 움직임을 갖게 되며, 2차원 캐릭터의 자세와 움직임을 기준으로 만들었기 때문에, 만화적 모호성을 극복할 수 있다.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.367-375
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• 2002

Inverse kinematics is a very useful method for control]ing the posture of an articulated body. In most inverse kinematics processes, the major matter of concern is not the posture of an articulated body itself but the position and direction of the end effector. In some applications such as 3D character animations, however, it is more important to generate an overall natural posture for the character rather than place the end effector in the exact position. Indeed, when an animator wants to modify the posture of a human-like 3D character with many physical constraints, he has to undergo considerable trial-and-error to generate a realistic posture for the character. In this paper, the Inductive Inverse Kinematics(IIK) algorithm using a Uniform Posture Map(UPM) is proposed to control the posture of a human-like 3D character. The proposed algorithm quantizes human behaviors without distortion to generate a UPM, and then generates a natural posture by searching the UPM. If necessary, the resulting posture could be compensated with a traditional Cyclic Coordinate Descent (CCD). The proposed method could be applied to produce 3D-character animations based on the key frame method, 3D games and virtual reality.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.157-166
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• 2022

Exercise is necessary for a healthy life, but it is recommended that it be conducted in a non-face-to-face environment in the context of an epidemic such as COVID-19. However, in the existing non-face-to-face exercise content, it is possible to recognize exercise movements, but the process of interpreting and providing feedback information is not automated. Therefore, in this paper, to solve this problem, we propose a method of creating a formalized rule to track the contents of exercise and the motions that constitute it. To make such a rule, first make a rule for the overall exercise content, and then create a tracking rule for the motions that make up the exercise. A motion tracking rule can be created by dividing the motion into steps and defining a key frame pose that divides the steps, and creating a transition rule between states and states represented by the key frame poses. The rules created in this way are premised on the use of posture and motion recognition technology using motion capture equipment, and are used for logical development for automation of application of these technologies. By using the rules proposed in this paper, not only recognizing the motions appearing in the exercise process, but also automating the interpretation of the entire motion process, making it possible to produce more advanced contents such as an artificial intelligence training system. Accordingly, the quality of feedback on the exercise process can be improved.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.502-506
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• 2010

An augmented book is an application that augments such multimedia elements as virtual 3D objects generated by computer graphics, movie clips, or sound clips to a real book using AR technologies. It is intended to bring additional education and entertainment effects to users. For augmented books, this paper proposes an adaptive keyframe-based page tracking method to estimate the camera's 6 DOF pose in real-time after recognizing a page and performing wide-baseline keypoint matching. For a page tracking, proposed method in this paper chooses a proper keyframe and performs a tracking in two step of coarse-to-fine stage. As a result, the proposed method in this paper guarantees a robust tracking to view-point and illumination variations and real-time.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.407-415
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• 2008

This paper presents novel segmentation and transition techniques for dancing motion synthesis. The segmentation method for dancing motions is based on Laban Movement Analysis (LMA). We assume a dance sequence as a set of small dancing motions. To segment a dancing motion is a subjective, psychological, and complex problem, so we extract the shape factor of LMA from a dance motion and observe shape's changes to find the boundaries of dance segments. We also introduce a transition method that meets constraints on the feet. This method that is based on a linear interpolation modifies the intermediate posture motion after analyzing footprint positions. The posture could be a key-frame between source motion and target motion on the transition. With the proposed techniques, it would be easy for multimedia applications to generate plausible dance motions.

• Broadcasting and Media Magazine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.31-43
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• 1998

가상 인물은 컴퓨터에 의해 합성된 가상적인 연기자로 최근 많은 영상물에 사용되어 대중에게 큰 호응을 얻고 있고 점차 그 활용 범위가 확대될 전망이다. 가상인물의 동작은 가상 인물의 사실성을 좌우하기 때문에 자연스러운 동작을 보다 적은 노력으로 빠르게 만들기 위해 다양한 방법들이 연구되었다. 가상 인물의 동작의 기본이 되는 자세를 제어하기 위해 다관절체와 인체변형 기법들이 제안되었다. 키프레임 보간법은 소수의 자세로 동작을 생성하고 역운동학을 이용하여 편리하게 동작을 제어할 수 있지만 사용자의 많은 노력과 시간을 요구한다. 대안으로 제시된 동력학 기반 동작 생성은 자연스러운 동작을 자동으로 생성할 수 있는 반면 사용자의 제어가 어렵다. 최근에 각광 받고 있는 연기 기반 방법은 실제 연기자의 동작을 가상 인물에 대입하여 빠르고 자연스러운 동작 생성을 가능하게 한다. 생성된 동작은 동작 혼합이나 전이의 방법으로 재 사용된다. 가상 인물 스스로가 충돌을 검사하여 충돌을 피할 수 있는 경로를 계획하여 동작을 생성하게 하는 연구, 더 나아가서 가상 인물이 주변 상황을 파악하고 능동적으로 대처할 수 있게 하는 연구를 통해 가상 인물은 보다 실제 인간에 가까운 모습으로 발전하고 있다.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.549-558
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• 2001

It is important to reuse existing motion capture data for reduction of the animation producing cost as well as efficiency of producing process. Because its motion curve has no control point, however, it is difficult to modify the captured data interactively. The motion transition is a useful method to reuse the existing motion data. It generates a seamless intermediate motion with two short motion sequences. In this paper, Uniform Posture Map (UPM) algorithm is proposed to perform the motion transition. Since the UPM is organized through quantization of various postures with an unsupervised learning algorithm, it places the output neurons with similar posture in adjacent position. Using this property, an intermediate posture of two active postures is generated; the generating posture is used as a key-frame to make an interpolating motion. The UPM algorithm needs much less computational cost, in comparison with other motion transition algorithms. It provides a control parameter; an animator could control the motion simply by adjusting the parameter. These merits of the UPM make an animator to produce the animation interactively. The UPM algorithm prevents from generating an unreal posture in learning phase. It not only makes more realistic motion curves, but also contributes to making more natural motions. The motion transition algorithm proposed in this paper could be applied to the various fields such as real time 3D games, virtual reality applications, web 3D applications, and etc.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.2C
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• pp.162-171
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• 2003

It is difficult to reuse the captured motion data, because the data has a difficulty in editing it. In this paper, a uniform posture mar (UPM) algorithm, one of unsupervised learning neural network is proposed to edit the captured motion data. Because it needs much less computational cost than other motion editing algorithms, it is adequate to apply in teal-time applications. The UPM algorithm prevents from generating an unreal posture in learning phase. It not only makes more realistic motion curves, but also contributes to making more natural motions. Above of all, it complements the weakness of the existing algorithm where the calculation quantity increases in proportion to increase the number of restricted condition to solve the problems of high order articulated body. In this paper, it is shown two applications as a visible the application instance of UPM algorithm. One is a motion transition editing system, the other is a inductive inverse kinematics system. This method could be applied to produce 3D character animation based on key frame method, 3D game, and virtual reality, etc.