• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1367-1375
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• 2017

Recently, the use of land cover maps has been continuously increasing to analyze spatial patterns such as spatial compositions, functions and changes of landscape mosaics. In this paper, we propose a landscape analysis system that extracts patches, which is an element of landscape mosaics, in the land cover map using region-based image processing technique, and computes patch-based measures at patch level and class level. Also we propose a patch-based spatial pattern that can represent spatial relations using the computed measures. To validate the proposed system's effectiveness, we apply to Gwangju metropolitan city and analyze Gwangju's land use and spatial patterns.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.941-950
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• 2001

In this paper, we present the integrated network architecture for supporting mobile IP in third generation mobile communication networks, and propose the end-to-end QoS control mechanisms of DiffServ and QoS control functions of each network element in the proposed network. First, the QoS supporting schemes of IMT-2000 are described. Second, the necessities of integrating the networks are discussed and the integrated architecture are proposed. Third, the mapping between wireless channels and DiffServ classes are presented. Finally, the end-to-end QoS control mechanisms are proposed. We also analyze the link level protocols with QoS provisioning for mobile multimedia assuming that the system support voice and data traffic simultaneously. In case of data traffic, the delay and throughput of SREJ ARQ and Type-1 Hybrid ARQ scheme are compared, and In case of voice traffic, the packet loss rate of BCH coding is analyzed according to the varying data traffic loads. The results indicate that the adaptive link level protocols are efficient to meet the QoS requirements while the complexities are increased.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 2008

Region-based image retrieval techniques, which divide image into similar regions having similar characteristics and examine similarities among divided regions, were proposed to support an efficient low-dimensional color indexing scheme. However, color image segmentation techniques are required additionally. The problem of segmentation is difficult because of a large variety of color and texture. It is known to be difficult to identify image regions containing the same color-texture pattern in natural scenes. In this paper we propose an automatic color image segmentation algorithm. The colors in each image are first quantized to reduce the number of colors. The gray level of image representing the outline edge of image is constructed in terms of Fisher's multi-class linear discriminant on quantized images. The gray level of image is transformed into a binary edge image. The edge showing the outline of the binary edge image links to the nearest edge if disconnected. Finally, the final segmentation image is obtained by merging similar regions. In this paper we design and implement a region-based image retrieval system using the proposed segmentation. A variety of experiments show that the proposed segmentation scheme provides good segmentation results on a variety of images.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.9
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• pp.2332-2342
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• 1999

Multicast is an important system-level one-to-many collective communication service. A key issue in designing software multicast algorithms is to consider the trade-off between performance and portability. Based on the LogP model, the proposed parameterized communication model can more accurately characterize the communication network of parallel platforms, Under the parameterized model, we propose an efficient architecture-independent method. OPT-tree algorithm, to construct optimal multicast trees and also investigate architecture-dependent tuning on performance of the multicast algorithm to achieve the truly optimal performance when implemented in real networks. Specifically, OPT-mesh which is the optimized version of the parameterized multicast algorithm for wormhole-switched mesh networks is developed and compared with two other well-known network-dependent algorithms.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2010.06b
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• pp.140-143
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• 2010

소프트웨어를 유지보수하고 관리하는 과정에서 변경된 정보가 프로그램 구조에서의 어느 부분을 나타내고 그 변경이 전체 구조에서 어떤 영향을 미치는가에 대한 체계적이고 효율적인 관리방법이 필요하게 되었다. 기존의 상용화 프로그램에서 채택하고 있는 코드레벨에서의 라인과 라인상의 비교분석 정보만으로는 프로그램의 변경을 구조적인 관점에서 바라보기가 힘들었다. 이 논문에서는 역공학을 이용해서 변경전후의 프로그램 모델구조 정보를 얻고 그 정보를 서로 비교 분석하는 방법을 제시한다. 또, GMF(graphical modeling framwork)로 프로그램의 모델정보를 클래스 다이어그램 형태로 보여주며 비교분석된 정보를 다이어그램에서 보여줄 수 있는 시각화 규칙을 제시한다. 변경된 정보를 다이어그램에서 쉽게 파악할 수 있게 표현함으로써 프로그램 개발자가 아니라도 유지보수에서의 변경을 구조적으로 알 수 있고 관리할 수 있다.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.1060-1067
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• 2007

We need various methods to develop MMORPG that is game genre which many users use among various game genre using Internet. Specially, to heighten efficiency of distributing work, Object-oriented language such as C++ is used and we need design techniques that can take advantage of enough object-oriented concept when making large-scale game. There is various pattern that can apply in software breakup design in GoF's design pattern for these design techniques. If you apply Observer pattern to Party System Design for forming community between game users, you can easily add new class and maintain system later. Party Play is one of the important system that is used to form game users' community in MMORPG games. The main point that must be considered in Party-Play-System is to divide evenly experience value and acquisition that is got by Party-Play among users according to each user's level. To implement Party Play System that consider maintenance of system, in this paper, we propose a method using GoF's Observer-Pattern, showing you that proposed method which has advantage to dynamic memory allocation and to virtual method call can be used usefully to change object to real time at program run and to add new class and to maintain system new.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.175-183
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• 2015

The proposed algorithm consists of two stages: the learning and synthesis stages. At the learning stage, we first collect various high-resolution (HR)-low-resolution (LR) text image pairs, and quantize the LR images, and extract HR-LR block pairs. Based on quantized LR blocks, the LR-HR block pairs are clustered into a pre-determined number of classes. For each class, an optimal 2D-FIR filter is computed, and it is stored into a dictionary with the corresponding LR block for indexing. At the synthesis stage, each quantized LR block in an input LR image is compared with every LR block in the dictionary, and the FIR filter of the best-matched LR block is selected. Finally, a HR block is synthesized with the chosen filter, and a final HR image is produced. Also, in order to cope with noisy environment, we generate multiple dictionaries according to noise level at the learning stage. So, the dictionary corresponding to the noise level of the input image is chosen, and a final HR image is produced using the selected dictionary. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the previous works for noisy images as well as noise-free images.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.47 no.11
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• pp.6-12
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• 2010

A sigma-delta modulator based class-D audio amplifier is presented. Parallel digital input is serialized to two-bit output by a fourth-order digital sigma-delta noise shaper. The output of the digital sigma-delta noise shaper is applied to a fourth-order analog sigma-delta modulator whose three-level output drives power switches. The pulse density modulated (PDM) output of the power switches is low-pass filtered by an LC-filter. The PDM output of the power switches is fed back to the input of the analog sigma-delta modulator. The first integrator of the analog sigma-delta modulator is a hybrid of continuous-time (CT) and switched-capacitor (SC) integrator. While the sampled input is applied to SC path, the continuous-time feedback signal is applied to CT path to suppress the noise of the PDM output. The class-D audio amplifier is fabricated in a standard $0.13-{\mu}m$ CMOS process and operates for the signal bandwidth from 100-Hz to 20-kHz. With 4-${\Omega}$ load, the maximum output power is 18.3-mW. The total harmonic distortion plus noise and dynamic range are 0.035-% and 80-dB, respectively. The modulator consumes 457-uW from 1.2-V power supply.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.43 no.5 s.311
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• pp.29-37
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• 2006

Thresholding is a fundamental approach to segmentation that utilizes a significant degree of pixel popularity or intensity. Otsu's thresholding employed the normalized histogram as a discrete probability density function. Also it utilized a criterion that minimizes the between-class variance of pixel intensity to choose a threshold value for segmentation. However, the Otsu's method has a disadvantage of repeatedly searching optimal thresholds for the entire range. In this paper, a simple but fast multi-level thresholding approach is proposed by means of extending the Otsu's method. Rather than invoke the Otsu's method for the entire gray range, we advocate that the gray-level range of an image be first divided into smaller sub-ranges, and that the multi-level thresholds be achieved by iteratively invoking this dividing process. Initially, in the proposed method, the gray range of the object image is divided into 2 classes with a threshold value. Here, the threshold value for segmentation is selected by invoking the Otsu's method for the entire range. Following this, the two classes are divided into 4 classes again by applying the Otsu's method to each of the divided sub-ranges. This process is repeatedly performed until the required number of thresholds is obtained. Our experimental results for three benchmark images and fifty faces show a possibility that the proposed method could be used efficiently for pattern matching and face recognition.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.43-53
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• 2014

Gunnery has been used to detect and classify artilleries. In this paper, we used electro-optical data to get the information of muzzle flash from the artilleries. Feature based approach was applied; we first defined features and sub-features. The number of sub-features was 38~40 generic sub-features, and 2 model-based sub-features. To classify multiclass data, we introduced tree structure with clustering the classes according to the similarity of them. SVM was used for each non-leaf nodes in the tree, as a sub-classifier. From the data, we extracted features and sub-features and classified them by the tree structure SVM classifier. The results showed that the performance of our classifier was good for our muzzle flash classification problem.