• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2002

Cotinine, one of nicotine metabolites, has been blown to reduce 4-(methylnitro samino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone(NNK)- induced $O^{6}$MeG DNA adducts significantly in A/J mice when administered together with NNK. In order to examine the effects of phyto-extract mixture on the conversion of cotinine from nicotine, cellular and clinical experiments were carried out. When the phyto-extract mixture was added to culture media, human liver cells (FLCFR5) produced cotinine from nicotine 2~3 times compared to the control. The phyto-extract mixture which was microinjected into Xenopus oocyte along with nicotine showed the almost similar production of cotinine compared with the results of hepatic cell culture. In clinical test employing 17 to 20 healthy men, concentrations of urinary cotinine derived from smoking after taking photo-extract mixture increased up to 2 times compared to the control group. These results indicatethat the phyto-extract mixture can increase the metabolic efficiency of nicotine to cotinine, leading to the reduced formation of $O^{6}$MeG DNA adducts.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.77-81
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• 2001

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.35-35
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• 2003

• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.239-242
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• 2003

To develop a nicotine-degrading material (NDM), the natural herbal extract was studied. For the in vitro verification, the herbal extract was mixed into the dilute nicotine solution and the ability of NDM to degrade nicotine into cotinine was measured spectrophotometically. In the in vivo study, the rats in experimental and control groups were orally fed with the herbal extract and water, respectively, for 2 weeks. And then, 3 ㎎/㎏ nicotine was administered to both groups by intraperitoneal injection. In results, the ability of NDM to degrade nicotine into cotinine was shown 2.5 fold higher after 90 min reaction in comparison with the control group. In addition, a decrease of 33% in nicotine concentration and a increase of 57% in cotinine concentration were shown in rat blood. Therefore, NDM was shown to be effective in the conversion of nicotine into cotinine.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2000

Cigarette smoking deals a harmful effect directly to smokers and even to non-smokers through environmental tobacco smoke. The major damaging component in cigarette smoke is nicotine which converts to various carcinogens. Among the carcinogenic metabolites, nitrosamine-4-(methylnitrosamino)-1- (3-pyridyl)-1- butanone (NNK) is responsible for many types of lung cancers. Recent studies report that activation of NNK is markedly inhibited in the presence of cotinine, a safer metabolite from nicotine. It is well known that tea extract have potentials to prevent cancers. This study aims to correlate green tea's potential for cancer prevention with an accelerated formation of cotinine. In the presence of tea extract, a nicotine to cotinine conversion was studied in established cell lines and xenopus oocytes. Among three lines of cell used, PLC/PRF5 and 293 cells showed a fast turnover from nicotine to cotinine while HepG2 cell line showed a marginal difference between groups treated and non-treated with tea extract. A microinjection procedure using Xenopus oocyte was utilized to probe for the effect of tea extract in accelerating nicotine conversion to cotinine. According to this procedure, tea extract's unusual potential for converting nicotine to cotinine is also substantiated. Overall, this present study indicated that tea extract have an unusual effect on conversion of nicotine to cotinine in cells.

• 월간산업보건
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• s.188
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• pp.43-51
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• 2003

본 분석기법은 유해인자별 작업환경측정 및 특수건강진단 시료를 분석할 때 간편하게 활용할수 있는 방법으로 산업보건관련 유관기관에 실질적인 도움을 주고자 합니다. 이 분석기법들 중에는 공식적으로 검증, 채택되지 아니한 기법이 있음을 알립니다.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of self-efficacy promotion of the smoking cessation program on the amount of smoking, carbon monoxide level, urine cotinine level and the smoking cessation self-efficacy of adolescent smokers. Methods: The subjects composed of 24 for the experimental group and 28 for the control group who were smoking adolescents at the Middle School in G city. The data collection was done from October 13 to November 18, 2010. A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. This program was composed on the basis of Shin (1997)'s Self-Efficacy Promoting Program. The self-efficacy promotion smoking cessation program was conducted for 2 hours per week, and lasted for 6 weeks on the experimental group. The control group had a general smoking program. Data was analyzed using SPSS/WIN 14.0 program. T-test was used to analyze outcome measures. Results: The amount of smoking, CO level, urine cotinine level, and self efficacy level of the experimental group was significantly improved more than that of the control group after intervention. Conclusion: Therefore, self-efficacy promotion smoking cessation program for adolescent smokers can be recommended for smoking cessation of adolescents.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.6169-6179
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• 2015

This study examined the effectiveness of a autonomous regulation improvement smoking cessation program in girls high school students. The study was carried out with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of the present study were 47 girls high school students in G and K city. The subjects were divided into an experimental group (n=23) who participated in the autonomous regulation improvement smoking cessation program, and a control group (n=24) who did not participate. Data were collected from 1 April 2013 through 26 April 2013. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS PC+ 18.0 with the Chi-square test, Fisher' exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, t-test. The experimental group had significantly different in cigarettes smoked per day(p=.044), cotinine in saliva(p=.048), perceived motivation(p=.001) and autonomous regulation(p=.027) in comparison to the control group. The autonomous regulation improvement smoking cessation program, when delivered to girls high school students who smoked, was effective in discouraging the smoking habit, and can be utilized as an effective nursing intervention for girls high school students who smoke.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.15-22
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• 2002

The purpose of the study was to assess relationship between smoking-related questionnaire and urinary cotinine. Seventy-five students of each one class of the first and second grade in one vocational school were administered the smoking-related items of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey October 2000, after which urine samples were collected. Urinary cotinine was detected by qualitative AccuSign Nicotine immunoassay. Positivity of urinary cotinine was detected in 29 of 75 students (38.7%). Kappa coefficients between self-reported smoking behaviors and positivity of urinary cotinine were all statistically significant, showing 0.41, 0.50, 0.28, 0.71 in lifetime smokers, regular smokers, current smokers, and current frequent smokers, respectively. These results showed that self-reported questionnaire may be useful in smoking-related survey and qualitative urinary cotinine may be used as validation of self-reported questionnaire.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.45-45
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• 2000