• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.425-444
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• 2013

This study was carried out in order to determine the remediation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs), trichloroethylene (TCE), perchloroethylene (PCE), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) compounds for non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) using in-situ air sparging (IAS) / vapor extraction (VE) with the marine sediments of Mandol, Hajeon, Sangam and Busan, South Korea. Surface sediment of Mandol area had sand characteristics (average particle size, 1.789 ${\Phi}$), and sandy silt characteristics (average particle size, 5.503 ${\Phi}$), respectively. Sangam surface sediment had silt characteristics (average particle size, 5.835 ${\Phi}$). Sediment characteristics before experiment in the Busan area showed clay characteristics (average particle size, 8.528 ${\Phi}$). TPHs level in the B1 column of Mandol, Hajeon, Sangam, and Busan sediments were 2,459, 6,712, 4,348, and 14,279 ppm. B2 (3 L/min) to B5 (5 L/min) columns reduced 99.5% to 100.0% of TCE and 93.2% to 100.0% of PCE. Removal rates of TCE, PCE, and BTEX are closely correlated (0.90-0.99) with particle sizes and organic carbon concentrations. However, TPHs (0.76) and benzene (0.71) showed the poorer but moderate correlations with the same parameters.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.80-86
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• 2002

The simultaneous analysis of the odorous compounds designated by law in Korea and Japan was examined with the thermal desorber gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using one column. The approximate concentrations of trimethyl amine, acetaldehyde, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide were estimated. Styrene, dimethyl disulfide, propionaldehyde, n-butyl aldehyde, i-butyl aldehyde, n-valeraldehyde, i-valeraldehyde, ethyl acetate, toluene, xylene, methyl i-butyl ketone and i-butanol were detected at concentrations of the detection limits of their threshold values. As a typical example of simultaneous analysis of the odorous compounds, the volatile organic compounds emitted from compost procedure of food waste were concentrated and analyzed with thermal desorber/GC/MSD, and major malodorous compounds were estimated from the concentrations and threshold values of the detected components. From the result of analysis, 34 compounds were confirmed and among them, trimethyl amine, i-valeraldehyde, methyl mercaptan, methyl allyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, acetaldehyde, ethanol, n-butyaldehyde were expected to attribute to the odor in order of strength.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.250-256
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• 2007

The present study purified two noncyclic triterpenoids, compound 1 and compound 2, that intervene interaction of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 from ethanol extracts of Alpinia katsumadai. The compound 1 and 2 inhibited adherence of sICAM-1 to THP-1 cells with an $IC_{50}$ of $7.59{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ 및 $6.98{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, respectively, without affecting viability of the cells. The compound 1 and 2 also inhibited interaction of CHO-ICAM-1 cells with THP-1 cells with an $IC_{50}$ $6.7{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ 및 $5.5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, respectively. These findings suggest that the noncyclic triterpenoids from Alpinia katsumadai have inhibitory activities against cell adherent molecules. The present study proposes that noncyclic triterpenoids from Alpinia katsumadai can applied to therapeutic approaches to the diseases that are associated with adhesion of inflammatory cells.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.307-313
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• 2001

Reactive medium including zero-valent metals such as zero-valent iron ($Fe^0$) degrades chlorinated solvents as a contaminant plume flows through the treatment medium. Although the Feo based reactive barrier has been demonstnlted to be a cost effective for trichloroethenc (TCE)-contaminaled plume remediation, current approach is limited by low process eftlciency and uncertain, effective life of the medium. The objective of this study is to develop an enhanced treatment method of TeE-contaminated groundwater using Feo and direct current. The bench-scale test using flow-through $Fe^0$ reactor column confirmed that the application of direct current with $Fe^0$ is highly effective in enhancing the rate of TeE dechlorination. The dechlorination mechanism appears to be reductive, with the electrons supplied by the iron oxidation and external power supply serving as the additional source of electrons.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.231-239
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• 1997

We developed a procedure that can effectively separate and determine tertiary amines and quaternary ammonium salts in some samples with reverse phase ion-pair high performance chromatography, employing indirect spectrophotometric detection method. Detection and ion-pairing reagents used in this study were benzyl trimethylammonium chloride (BTMACl) and sodium dodecyl sulfate(DDSANa), respectively. Eluting the electrolyte solutions of some commercial electrolytic capacitors with a MeOH(40):water(60) eluent (pH 8.5 adjusted with NH4Cl-NH3 buffer) containing 0.010M DDSANa and 0.004 M BTMACl through Supelco LC-18 or ${\mu}$-Bondapak phenyl column, amines and ammonium salts contained in the sample were successfully separated and determined. Varying the composition, especially the content of quaternary ammonium salts, of electrolyte solutions based on this analysis. we could prepare the low impedance(0.08~0.13) electrolytic capacitors with excellent electrical properties and it was a confirmation that the analysis is favorable.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.10 no.4 s.37
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• pp.629-639
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• 1998

This paper summarizes the results of full-scale cyclic seismic performance tests on three column-tree type steel moment connections. Each test specimen consisted of a $H-600{\times}200$ beam and a $H-400{\times}400$ column of SS41 (SS400). Key parameter included was column PZ (panel zone) strength relative to beam strength. The seismic performance of specimen with stronger PZ tended to be inferior. Total plastic rotations available in the specimens ranged from 1.8 to 3.0 (% rad). The limited test results in this study seem to support the speculation that permitting PZ yielding shall be more beneficial to enhancing total plastic rotation capacity of the moment connection. Beam flange fracture across the heat affected zone and divot-type pullout of the column flange were observed in the tests. A conceptual mechanical model consistent with observed test results was also sought.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.404-408
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• 1996

One of the major objectives of the food industry is the enrichment of the functional properties and nutritional value of soybean protein. To attain this goal, an expression system of cDNA encoding native and protein-engineered soybean proteins in a microorganism must be developed and the function then ability of self-assembly and the functionalities of the expressed proteins should be evaluated before the modified genes are transfered to soybean plants. The pro-$\beta$-conglycinin synthesized in E. coli BL21(DE3) comprised approximately 20% of the total bacterial proteins and the expressed protein are formed soluble and trimer such as native protein in E. coli cells. The highly expressed protein was purified to homogeneity by salt precipitation with 20~40$ Ammonium sulfate ion-exchange chromatography with Q-Sepharose and hydrophobic column chromatography with Butyltoyopearl. Therefore, we concluded that the high-level expression system of $\beta$-conglycinin cDNA was established and a relatively simple and rapid method for purifying pro-$\beta$-conglicinin was also developed.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 1990

The effect of $Fe^{2+}$ and myoglobin on the oxidative stability of triglyceride molecular species was investigated at $25^{\circ}C$. The molecular species of soybean oil triglycerides were analyzed by capillary column gas chromatography and electron impact ionization mass spectrometry utilizing selected ion monitoring. When $Fe^{2+}$ and myoglobin were added to soybean oil triglycerides, the oxidative stability of each molecular species of triglycerides appeared to decrease in proportion to the increase in the number of double bonds present in the acyl residues, and it was affected by degree of unsaturation of fatty acid when the total degree of unsaturation of triglyceride was the same. But the length of the saturated acyl chain had no influence on the stabilization of unsaturated fatty acid present in the same glyceride when prooxidants were added.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 1991

동백종실유(冬栢種實油)에서 컬럼크로마토그래피로 지질(脂質) 성분(成分)을 상호(相互) 분리(分離)하였다. 여기서 얻은 트리글리세리드의 일부(一部)를 취하여 알칼리로 가수분해(加水分解)하거나 또는 pancreatic lipase로 가수분해(加水分解) 하여, 트리글리세리드의 구성(構成) 지방산(脂肪酸) 또는 1, 3- 위치(位置)와 2-위치(位置)에 급합(給合) 한 지방산(脂肪酸) 조성(組成)을 조사(調査)하였다. 나머지 트리글리세리드는 16% $AgNO_3$ TLC로 이중결합선(二重結合敾)별로 나누었으며, 이렇게 나누어진 분획(分劃)을 다시 HPLC로 PN별로 재분획(再分劃) 하였다. 여기서 얻어진 획분(劃分)들 중 PN이 같은 것은 모두 모아서 알칼리 가수분해(加水分解)로 PN의 총지방산(總脂肪酸) 조성(組成)을, pancreatic lipase로 1,3 위치(位置)에 결합선(結合敾)한 지방산(脂肪酸)의 조성(組成)을 조사(調査) 하였다. 여기서 얻어진 결과(結果)로 부터 구성(構成) 트리그리셀리드 분자종(分子種)을 산출(算出)하였더니 다음과 같은 결과(算出)를 얻었다. 1) 종실유(種實油)는 투명(透明)한 액체(液體)로 그 함량(含量)이 73.5%였으며, 그 중 트리글리세리드가 94.8%, 극성(極性) 지질(極性)이 2.0%, 탄화(炭化) 수소(水素)가 1.8%였다. 2) $AgNO_3$-TLC로 트리글리세리드를 분획(分劃)하였더니 5개의 획분(劃分)을 얻었으며, 대부분(大部分)의 트리글리세리드가 이중(二重) 결합선(結合敾) 3${\sim}$5개인 band 2와 band 3에 80% 이상 존재(存在)하였다. 3) $AgNO_3-TLC$에서 얻은 각 획분(劃分)은 모두가 HPLC상에서 PN 46, 48 및 50으로 나누어졌으며 전체(全體) 분획(分劃)에서 PN 48이 78.13%로 제일 많았으며, 다음으로 PN 50이 12.04%였으며, PN 46이 9.83%였다. 4) 전체(全體) 트리글리세리드 분자종(分子種) 중에서 0.1mol% 이상을 차지하고 있는 분자종(分子種)이 43종(種)이었으며, OOO와 POO가 각각 39.8mol%와 25.8mol%로 제일 많았으며, 그 다음으로 OPO가 5.5 mol%, OOL가 4.8 mol%, POS가 3.9mol%, SOO가 3.5mol%. POL이 3.0mol%였다. 또 동백종실유(冬栢種實油)에 존재(存在)하는 트리글리세리드의 분자종(分子種)의 조성(組成)은 1,3-random, 2-random 분포설(分布說)에 따라 구성(分布說)되어 있었다.