• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.152-157
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: Since bottom ash (BA) contains considerable amounts of CaO and MgO, it could be a useful amendment to increase soil pH and to immobilize cadmium (Cd). This study was conducted to evaluate effect of BA application in reducing Cd phytoavailability.METHODS AND RESULTS: Bottom ash was applied at the rate of 0, 20, 40, and 80 Mg/ha to Cd contaminated soil, and then lettuce was cultivated under field condition. soil pH and net negative charge increased slightly with increasing BA application; however, there was no statistical difference among the rates. Water soluble, exchangeable+acidic, reducible, and oxidizable fraction of Cd decreased with increasing bottom ash application rate, whereas residual fraction of Cd increased with increasing bottom ash application rate. Lettuce yield increased with rate of bottom ash up to 40 kg/ha. Visual evidences of cadmium toxicity and growth inhibition were not found during lettuce cultivation.CONCLUSION: Bottom ash was effective to reduce phytoextractability of Cd and to increase lettuce yield. Conclusively, BA could be a good soil amendment to reduce Cd phytoavailability in contaminated arable soil.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.373-379
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• 1994

Final biomass yields(cells/ml) and growth rates(divisions/day) of 4 clones of marine diatoms isolated from the Korean coastal waters were measured in media with 6 different levels of added cadmium concentrations. A neritic diatom, GS-12(Chaetoceros sp.), showed no growth at 0.1ppm cadmium, and its $IC_{50}$ for final biomass yield and growth rate was 0.03 and 0.02ppm, respectively. Two clones isolated from tidal pool, NC-37 and NC-29, showed enhanced tolerance to cadmium toxicity. Extremely high tolerance to cadmium addition was found in J-21 from a eutrophicated bay, with its high $IC_{50}$ for biomass yield(1.07ppm) and growth rate(1.92ppm). Present results implied a habitat related pattern of coastal diatom clones in the cadmium tolerances. Except GS-12, the other three diatom clones are considered to be highly tolerant to cadmium stresses.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.139-139
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• 2001

중금속은 생명체가 필수적으로 요구하는 금속인 것도 있으나 과량 상태에서는 위해성이 나타나는 것으로 알려져 있다. 반면에 수은, 납, 카드뮴 등은 생물에서의 필요성이 밝혀져 있지 않고, 오히려 유해할 뿐이며, 자체 독성 뿐 아니라 대사가 되지 않아 먹이 연쇄를 따라 크게 농축된다(최석영, 1995). 날로 심각해지는 환경오염으로 인한 토양이나 식물의 중금속 오염여부를 파악하려면 자연함유량에 대한 연구가 선행되어야 하지만 국내에선 이에 대한 연구가 거의 없어 중금속 오염평가가 불가능하다. (중략)

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.151-160
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• 1997

This study was planned to evaluate the urinary ascorbic acid as a new biological marker for the intoxication of cadmium, which could possibly be driven by its increased utilization and environmental pollution. In order to meet this goal, we have peformed measurement of urinary ascorbic acid concentration, histopathological examination of the kidney, and biochemical test for the liver function using cadmium-intoxicated rats by oral administration. The average concentrations of urinary ascorbic acid in the $CdCl_2$-treated rats were 214.0 mg/dl for 100 ppm group and 254.3 mg/dl for 200 ppm group during experimental period of 50 days. These levels are 24 and 28 times higher than one in the control group (9.0 mg/dl), respectively. Ultrastructural study showed the eosinophilic hyaline cast and focal effacement, fusion in the renal tubules, as well as loss of foot processes on the glomerular epithelial cells. These results suggested that cadmium may be responsible for renal glomerular injury. The blood levels of AST, ALT and LDH in the treated groups (199 IU/I, 88 IU/I, 1190 U/I for the 100 ppm group and 270 IU/I, 226 IU/I, 760 U/I for the 200 ppm group) were higher than ones in the control group(143 IU/I, 50 IU/I, 334 U/I). These results indicated the cadmium induced the damage of liver function. In conclusion, the administration of cadmium showed a remarkable increase of urinary ascorbic acid with renal and hepatic damage. Therefore, it is expected that measurement of urinary ascorbic acid would be an powerful method as a noninvasive biomarker for cadmium intoxication.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.309-313
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• 2001

This research was conducted to test cadmium tolerance by five speices of native herbs for screening cadmium tolerance plant. We examined germination rate, root and shoot growth rate of seedling, fresh biomass of native herbs exposed to cadmium solution for 14 days. Especially, germination rate of Abutilon avicennae and Amaranthus retroflexus was over 90% in all concentration, but germination rate of Aeschynomene indica, Echinochloa crus-galli var. oryzicola and Echinochla crus-galli var. frumentacea began to decrease when they exposed to 15 mgCdSO₄ /L. The higher the Cd concentration, the length of root, shoot grew lower. The fresh biomass of Echinochloa crus-galli var. oryzicola, Echinochla crus-galli var. frumentacea and Amaranthus retro-flexus were not so different from each control, but those of Abutilon avicennae and Aeschynomene indica began to decrese greatly when exposed to 60 mgCdSO₄ /L. EC/sub 50/(Effective Concentration 50%) of Abutilon avicennae, Aeschynomene indica and Amaranthus retroflexus was 44.6∼77.5 mgCdSO₄ /L for root growth, 38.6∼114 mgCdSO₄ /L for shoot growth, 60∼107.5 mgCdSO₄ /L for fresh biomass. Among the native herbs, sensitivity of cadmium ordered as root length > fresh biomass > shoot length. These results indicate that Abutilon avicennae is a tolerant species for cadmium.

• The Korea Swine Journal
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• v.12 no.9 s.133
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• pp.140-143
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• 1990

중금속이란 비중이4.0이상인 금속류로서 독성을 가진 것이나, 사람이나 가축에 대하여 노출될 가능성이 큰것은 비소.카드뮴.납.수은.주석.아연.철.구리.셀레늄 등 10여종에 이른다 이와같은 중금속에 의한 중독은 대체로 중금속이 함유된 공산품을 취급하는 근로자들의 직업병으로는 흔히 보고되어 있으나, 식품중에 잔류하는 중독은 이따이 이따이 병등이 보고되어 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.51-52
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• 2003

일반 지역주민들에 있어서 Cd에 폭로되는 주된 경로는 소화기계이나 아직까지 소화기계에서의 Cd 흡수기전은 잘 알려져 있지 않은 편이다. 이번 연구에서는 식이를 이용하여 실험동물의 체내 Fe 수준을 조절함에 따라 Fe 이동단백질로 알려진 DMT1의 발현과 Cd 흡수와의 관련성을 관찰함으로서 금속이온의 흡수기전에 대한 이해를 높이고자 하였다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.121-122
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• 2002

중금속은 산업화 이후 오늘날까지 개발도상국뿐만 아니라 선진국에서도 지속적인 모니터링을 하며 관리하고 있는 환경오염물질이다. 납(Pb)과 카드뮴(Cd)은 산업화된 도시의 대기, 수질 및 토양의 모든 환경 매체에 분포하고 있는 환경오염물질이다(Lopez-Artiguez et al., 1993; Buchet et al., 1983). 특히, 환경중의 카드뮴 노출은 생물학적 반감기가 길기 때문에 특별히 더 중요한 의미를 가지는 잘 알려진 유독성의 물질이며(Buchet et al., 1983; Muller and Anke, 1994; Ikeda et al., 1989, 1995), 장기간의 직업상의 노출과 환경노출에 기인하는 독성의 영향도 최근 연구되어지고 있다(Jarup et al., 1998). (중략)

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.175-178
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• 2003

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.17-25
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• 2009

The applicability of soil washing/flushing to treat a contaminated soil with cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) using a mixture of organic/inorganic extractant was evaluated in laboratory-scale batch and column tests. Citric acid was the effective extractant to remove Cd and Cu from the soil among various organic acids except EDTA. Carbonic acid was chosen as inorganic extractant which was not only low toxicity to environment, but also increasing soil permeability. Moreover, the optimum ratio of organic and inorganic extractant to remove Cd and Cu was 10 : 1, and this ratio of organic and inorganic extractant achieved removal efficiencies of Cd (46%) and Cu (39%), respectively. The increasing flow rate of extractant could explain the phenomena of soil packing when carbonic acid was used with organic extractant (i.e. EDTA and citric acid). Therefore, a mixture of organic extractant with inorganic extractant, especially carbonic acid, could resolve a problem of soil packing when this extractant was applied to a field application to remove Cd and Cu using in-situ soil flushing process.