• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.212-220
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• 2001

Objective : A highly effective treatment for interstitial cystitis (IC) remains elusive. We determined whether acupuncture might be effective in relieving symptoms of IC. Method : A consecutive patient(F/67yrs) with symptoms and cystoscopic findings compatible with IC underwent one month of continuous acupuncture by way of needles inserted into acupuncture points which are known to be effective for the symptoms of cystitis. Patient filled out voiding frequency, pain and urgency score charts during treatment. Results : Acupuncture significantly improved all measured parameters toward normal values. Voiding frequency decreased twofold from 41 to 18 voids daily the end of treatment. Pelvic pain on a scale of 1 to 10 decreased from 10 to 2.8. Urinary urgency on a scale of I to 10 decreased from 10 to 5.2. Conclusions : Acupuncture significantly decreased symptoms in a patient with IC. These results suggest that acupuncture may be beneficial in treating IC.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.172-186
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• 2003

Acupuncture therapy has demonstrated efficacy in several clinical areas, and of these areas the understanding of pain has progressed immensely in the last two decades. The underlying mechanisms of acupuncture in general and the analgesic effect in particular are still not clearly delineated. The leading hypothesis include the effects of local stimulation, neuronal gating, release of endogenous opiates, and the placebo effect. Accumulating evidence suggests that the central nervous system(CNS) is essential for the processing of these effects, via its modulation of the autonomic nervous system, neuro-immune system, and hormonal regulation. These processes tap into basic survival mechanisms. As such, understanding the effects of acupuncture within a neuroscience-based framework becomes vital. We propose a model which incorporates the stress-induced hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis(HPA-axis) model of Akil et al., the cholinergic anti-inflamatory observations of Tracey et al., and Petrovic et al.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2016

Objectives : To treat the progression of fibroproliferative disease that affects the flexion contracture of the fingers for patients with Dupuytren's contracture, the purpose of this study is to report a case of a patient with Dupuytren's contracture after complex Korean medical treatment. Methods : A patient was treated with acupuncture, moxibustion and bee venom pharmacopuncture on their left palmar aponeurosis. Six rounds of acupuncture and moxibustion were administered from November 30, 2015 through to January 2, 2016. Three rounds of bee venom pharmacopuncture was administered from December 14, 2015 through to January 2, 2016. The degree of flexion contracture and the Tubiana's stage were measured to evaluate the clinical improvement. Results : After 30 treatment sessions the flexion contracture degrees of the 4th finger's metacarpophalangeal joint and proximal interphalangeal joint improved as much as $25^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$, respectively. And the flexion contracture degrees of the 5th finger's metacarpophalangeal joint, proximal interphalangeal joint and distal interphalangeal joint improved as much as $15^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$, $5^{\circ}$, respectively. The Tubiana's stage of each finger decreased from 4 to 3. Conclusion : This study suggests that acupuncture, moxibustion and bee venom pharmacopuncture could be effective for patients with Dupuytren's contracture.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2011

Objectives : This study is to compare effects on Intracutaneous Bee Venom pharmacopuncture and Intramuscular Bee Venom pharmacopuncture in Lumbar Disc Herniation. Methods : We investigated 34 cases of patients with lumbar disc herniation and devided into two groups. Group A were treated with intracutaneous bee venom pharmacupuncture and group B were treated with intramuscular bee venom pharmacopuncture. To evaluate the treatment effects of two groups, we used visual analog scale(VAS) and Aberdeen LBP scale. Results : In VAS and Aberdeen LBP scale, that of group A was further improved than that of group B, but there was no statistical significance. Conclusions : Intracutaneous bee venom pharmacupuncture and intramuscular bee venom pharmacopuncture were effective treatments for lumbar disc herniation, but there was no statistical significance.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.104-116
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• 2009

Objectives: This experimental study was designed to show the relationship between kidney qi deficiency and hypoadrenia. A comparative study between Sa-am and local area acupuncture stimulation was conducted. The test results help to show the relationship between kidney qi deficiency and hypoadrenia as well as the recuperation of the patient with the use of VAS, ROM, Sch ber test, ODI and salivary cortisol testing. Methods: 1. Twenty-four adults with chronic low back pain were recruited. Once selected the test population was divided into two different groups. One group was treated only with the use of local area acupuncture and the other with Sa-am acupuncture. 2. At the completion of each acupuncture treatment both groups underwent a VAS, ROM, ODI, $Sch{\ddot{o}}ber$ Test and salivary cortisol test. Results: 1. Both the Sa-am acupuncture group and the local area acupuncture group had statistical significance in VAS decrease and flection ROM increase. 2. Only the Sa-am acupuncture group had statistical significance in extension ROM increase. Only the local area acupuncture group had statistical significance in both lateral flection ROM increase and ODI test. 3. There was statistical significance of correlation between morning salivary cortisol test and adrenal fatigue questionnaire. Conclusions: Both local area acupuncture as well as Sa-am acupuncture treatments were effective for treating lower back pain caused by kidney qi deficiency. In addition, each patients recuperation level can be verified with the results seen from the salivary cortisol test results. The cortisol results suggest a similarity between kidney qi deficiency and hypoadrenia.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2005

Objective : This study was performed to compare needle acupuncture combined herbal acupuncture therapy with only needle acupuncture therapy in VAS and pain threshold. Methods : We used pressure algometer to evaluate the change of pain threshold before and after treatment. The numberical value of pressure algometer is obtained twice and averaged by identical acupuncturist. Visual analogue scale(VAS) was used to estimate the efficacy of needle acupuncture combined herbal acupuncture therapy. Result : The following results were obtained; 1. The significant difference in VAS was showed before and after treatment in only needle acupuncture therapy. 2. The significant difference in pain threshold and VAS was showed before and after treatment in needle acupuncture combined herbal acupuncture therapy. 3. In the pain threshold, the significant difference between only needle acupuncture and needle acupuncture combined herbal acupuncture therapy was not showed. 4. Needle acupuncture combined herbal acupuncture therapy showed the more effective change of VAS than only needle acupuncture therapy. Conclusions : In the pain control, needle acupuncture combined herbal acupuncture therapy is more effective than only needle acupuncture therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2002

Dispersion stability of nano-sized rutile TiO$_2$powder with acicular typed primary particle produced by homogeneous precipitation process at low temperatures was studied in aqueous and non-aqueous media in the presence of various electrolytes. The zeta potential measurements have shown that the addition of electrolytes to aqueous and non-aqueous dispersion media leads to charge reversal on TiO$_2$particle surface. The electrostatic repulsive forces acting on between TiO$_2$particles dispersed in non-aqueous media were found to be significantly greater than that in aqueous media, which relate closely to the physical properties of the organic solvents, such as viscosities and dielectric constants. The pH values, the concentration of electrolytes and the valence of the ions have changed greatly the surface potential of TiO$_2$ particles and have governed the dispersion behavior of TiO$_2$particles virtually.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.41-50
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was performed to compare the effects of Shinbaro pharmacopuncture therapy and bee venom pharmacopuncture therapy in lumbar disc herniation Methods : We compared treatment efficacy of 12 patients with Shinbaro pharmacopuncture therapy and 10 patients with bee venom pharmacopuncture therapy, all of whom were diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation using computed tomography(CT) or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). We performed a retrospective comparison and analysis during the course of 21 days since admission. To evaluate the treatment efficacy, we recorded the temperatures of the opposite back, hip, and legs with visual analog scale(VAS, back and legs), pain rating scale(PRS), Oswestry disability index(ODI) and digital infrared thermal imaging(DITI) based on patients' medical records. Results : Both treatments were effective in reducing pain and improving functions for lumbar disc herniation patients in terms of VAS, PRS, ODI, DITI. Shinbaro pharmacopuncture group showed slightly better results than the bee venom pharmacopuncture group, but the difference was not significant. Conclusions : For the treatment of lumbar disc herniation, it is suggested that Shinbaro pharmacopuncture therapy is thought to be as effective as bee venom pharmacopuncture therapy without side effects, although further study would be necessary.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2002

One of the most serious concern in nuclear power plant piping maintenance is thickness reduction due to flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC). Since the FAC occurs under specific conditions of pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, flow velocity, steam quality of the fluid and materials and geometry of the piping, a systematic approach is required for managing the FAC problem. In this study, construction of a secondary piping database, analyzing the FAC rate using the database and predicting the residual life was performed for a domestic CANDU nuclear power plant. Also FAC mechanism and factors affecting FAC were reviewed. By showing a case study on analysis for a pipe line between a separator and a flash tank, a procedure for managing FAC problem is suggested. The procedure proposed in this paper can be widely applied to the secondary piping of other domestic nuclear polder plants.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.579-598
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• 2019

We investigated geochemical contaminants and Fe, Al behavior in precipitates of acid mine drainage (AMD) from the Donghae abandoned coal mine, Taebaek, Gangwon Province using aqueous chemical analyses, XRD, IR, and ²⁷Al NMR, Our results showed that water chemistry changed with pH and Eh, and saturation indices of chemical species in the AMD. According to saturation calculated by visual MINTEQ, the AMD was saturated with various Fe-, Al-oxyhydroxide minerals. Reddish brown precipitates are composed of schwertmannite, ferrihydrite, and goethite, whereas whitish precipitates are composed mostly of alumimous minerals such as poorly crystallized basaluminite with trace Al₁₃-Tridecamer. It is important to apply active treatment methods rather than simple storage pond and to control the precipitation and solubility of iron species and aluminous species for ensuring remediation and control for the AMD discharged from the Donghae abandoned coal mine.