• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.150-160
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to examine how an invasive procedures education program affected the anxiety and supportive behavior of mothers with hospitalized children, and to help provide an efficient to improve their maternal role performance by boosting their supportive behavior. Method: To evaluate their anxiety, Spilberger(1972)'s Anxiety Inventory that was translated by Kim Jeong-taek, et al.(1978) was employed, and Weon Dae-yeoung(1999)'s modified version of Melnyx(1994)'s Index of Parent Support During Instructive Procedure was utilized to assess their supportive behavior. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS program. Statistical data on real number and percentage were acquired, and $x^2$-test and t-test were conducted. Result: There was a more favorable change in the anxiety(trait anxiety and state anxiety) of the experimental group that participated in an invasive procedures education program(a mean of -0.14) than in that of the control group that didn't(a mean of 0.16). The experimental group(an average of 4..65) outstripped the control group(a mean of 3.42) in that regard. Conclusions: The invasive procedures education program that catered to the mothers with hospitalized children turned out to be effective in easing their anxiety and enhancing their supportive behavior.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.73-92
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to understand actual state of supportive behavior of parents and nurses during invasive procedure for children who visit emergency medical center. Method: The object group was children's parents who have from 0 to 7 aged children takes invasive procedure except neonates and nurses who take part in the invasive procedure. Among them, 80 children's parents and 31 nurses were selected. For data analysis, SPSS for Window 8.0 was used and especially content analysis was performed for concrete supportive behavior of parents and nurses by survey. Results: Supportive behavior of parents and nurses during children's invasive procedure gave negative influences to the children, because most parents supplied poor supportive behavior without preparation, nurses performed work-oriented and treatment-oriented nursing due to speciality and busy business in emergency medical center. Conclusion: To lead positive and affirmative supportive behavior of parents and nurses during children's invasive procedure, for parents, positive supportive behavior ability must be strengthen through the overall education about children's invasive procedure when they visit emergency medical center or go to hospital: for nurses, hospital must provide successive instruction and policy to make nurses perform not work-oriented but patient-oriented nursing and positive supportive behavior.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4065-4072
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of topical EMLA Cream on venipuncture related pain and anxiety of surgery patient from oct. 27 to nov, 13, 2011, EMLA Cream was applied to the experimental group(n=40) 1hour before the procedure, but was not applied to the control group (n=37). The collected data were analyzed with the SPSS WIN 15.0 program. The percentage, mean and standard deviation were figured statistic, ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA, Correlation analysis were performed. Consequently, Pain in the EMLA applied experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group. also state anxiety in the experimental group was lower than that of the control group. correlation of pain and anxiety after EMLA was related. EMLA cream was considered to be an effective local anesthetic for preoperative venipuncture on pain and anxiety.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.263-271
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• 2001

Objective : Glioblastomas, the most common type of primary brain tumors, are highly invasive and cause massive tissue destruction at both the tumor invading edges and in areas that are not in direct contact with glioma cells. As a result, patients with high-grade gliomas are faced with a poor prognosis. Such grim statistics emphasize the need to better understand the mechanisms that underlie glioma invasion, as these may lead to the identification of novel targets in the therapy of high grade gliomas. Protein kinase C(PKC) is a family of serine/threonine kinases and an important signal transduction enzyme that conveys signals generated by ligand-receptor interaction at the cell surface to the nucleus. PKC appears to be critical in regulating many aspects of glioma biology. The purpose of this study was to assess accurately the role of PKC in the invasion regulation of human gliomas based on hypothesis that protein kinase C(PKC) is functional in the process of glial tumor cell invasion. Method : To test this hypothesis, U-87 malignant glioma cell line intracellular PKC levels were up and down regulated and their invasiveness was tested. Intracellular PKC level was characterized using PKC activity assays. Invasion assays including barrier migration and spheroid confrontation were used to study the relationship between PKC concentration and invasiveness. Result : The cell line which were treated by PKC inhibitor tamoxifen and hypericin exhibited decreased PKC activity and decreased invasive abilities dose dependently both in matrigel invasion assay and tumor spheroid fetal rat brain aggregates(FRBA) confrontation assay. However, the cell line that was treated by PKC activator 12-O-tetradecanylphorbol-13acetate(TPA) did not exhibit increases in either PKC activity or invasive ability. Conclusion : These studies suggest that PKC may be a useful molecular target for the chemotherapy of glioblastoma and other malignancies and that a therapeutic approach based on the ability of PKC inhibitors may be helpful in preventing invasion.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.5968-5975
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to reveal correlation between scope of practice and clinical paramedic properties. from April 9 to May 12, 2012, one hundred and eighty-one clinical paramedics filled out anonymously to the questionnaire which includes gender, academic background, clinical career, clinical practice and medical direction. To analyse the collected data, Pearson's r at ${\alpha}$=0.05 (two-tailed) was performed using IBM SPSS 19 (Chicago, IL, USA). One hundred and forty (77.4%) working at medical facilities, one hundred and four (57.5%) graduated from four-year colleges, seventy seven (42.5%) acquired paramedic certificate in 2010-2012, one hundred and twelve (61.9%) charted on nursing records, one hundred and sixteen (69.6%) had a good knowledge in scope of practice, one hundred and six (58.5%) thought of legal restriction & absence of direct medical direction leading to narrow clinical practice. Implementing practices and practices needed were thirty two. There were significant relationships in Likert scale 1-5 between paramedic competency and legal practice (p=0.039); implementing practice (p=0.006); practice needed (p=0.049); and overall (p=0.001). Also, between knowledge on scope of practice and implementing practice (p=0.003); overall (p=0.047); clinical career and legal practice (p=0.019); practice needed (p=0.002); and overall (p=0.002). However, these correlations were relatively low (r $$\leq_-$$ 0.238). The working condition of clinical paramedics was restricted by the Emergency Medical Services Systems Act, which requires a narrow scope of practice. This condition leads to the poor quality of emergency care, therefore the scope of practice in the act will be revised from specificism to generalism, from direct medical direction to indirect medical direction by means of quality management.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.617-623
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• 2007

Background: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, a frequent fungal infection in immunocompromised patients, is known to have a poor prognosis despite the use of antifungal therapy in leukemic patients. We studied the outcome of surgical resection of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis where bleeding tendency, localized recurrence of infection, and incidence could be reduced. Material and Method: We retrospectively reviewed 14 patients with a hematological malignancy where invasive pulmonary aspergillosis was diagnosed during the 10 years between 1998 and 2007. From the medical records, we reviewed the type and treatment of the hematological malignancy, including the diagnostic methods of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, the preoperative hematological conditions and their management, and the surgical methods and records. We also analyzed the development of postoperative complications and patient mortality, the recurrence of postoperative invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and if the patients had a bone marrow transplant. Result: Fourteen patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and a hematological malignancy underwent a pulmonary lobectomy. One patient had a complication of bronchopleural fistula, but there were no other serious complications such as bleeding or wound infection, and none of the patients died postoperatively. Conclusion: We have shown that pulmonary lobectomy is a safe and effective therapy for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with hematological malignancies that allow further treatment of the hematological malignancy.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.412-421
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• 2010

As a most conservative, minimally invasive trial against early caries lesions, resin infiltration concept has been introduced and studied mainly about effective materials and pre-treatment methods of surface layers to arrest the lesion effectively, which is still going on. This study was performed with an aim of evaluating the efficacy of arresting the caries process in the natural incipient lesions in spite of removing the surface layers and we obtained the results as follows: 1. It was revealed that infiltration groups(1, 3, 5) showed lower radio-density decline between pre- and posttreatment than control groups(2, 4, 6)(p<0.05). 2. Group 5, in which the surface layer was removed with hydrochloric acid, showed the most significant anticariogenic effect(p<0.05). 3. Under SEM evaluation after infiltration, group 1 and 3 showed more irregular destruction and intensive loss of surface layers than group 5. In conclusion, it was thought resin infiltration can be an effective tool against the early caries lesions although surface layers are removed.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.111-121
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• 2009

Background: Osteosarcoma is one of the most common primary malignant tumors of bone occurring mainly in children and adolescents. Although surgery combined with chemotherapy has markedly improved patient survival during the last years, the use of anticancer drugs is still associated with serious problem, such as the frequent acquisition of drug-resistant phenotypes and occurrence of "secondary malignancies". Several solid tumors display enhanced expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and recently clinical trials have been initiated on MMP-inhibitors. On the other hand, bisphosphonates (BPs) are inhibitors of bone resorption, and widely used to treat osteoclast-mediated bone diseases. Also they appear to possess direct antitumor activity. Methods: One osteosarcoma cell line (U2OS) was treated with ibandronate (0, 0.1, 1, $10{\mu}M$) for 48 hours. Cell viabilities were determined using MTT assay, the mRNA levels of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP were detected by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, the amount of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP protein were measured by Westernblot, the activities of MMP-2 were observed by Gelatin zymography, and Matrigel invasion assays were used to investigate the invasive potential of osteosarcoma cell lines before and after ibandronate treatment. Results: The invasiveness of U2OS cell line was reduced dose-dependently following 48 hour treatment of up to $10{\mu}M$ of the ibandronate at which concentration no cytotoxicity occurred. Furthermore, the gelatinolytic activities and protein and mRNA levels of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP were also suppressed by increasing ibandronate concentrations. Conclusion: Given that MMP-2 is instrumental in tumor cell invasion, it is very likely that the reduction in osteosarcoma cell invasion by ibandronate is a consequence, at least in part, of suppressed expression of both MMP-2 and MT1-MMP. Isolation of a molecule (s) responsible for the bisphosphonate inhibition of tumor cell invasion would pave the way for the development of a new generation of metastasis inhibitors.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.876-881
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• 2002

Acute aortic dissection associated with high mortality rate has an extremely poor prognosis if early diagnosis and treatment are not received. Recently, with advanced computed tomography and echocardiography, diagnostic rate is higher and early operation is possible. Therefore preoperative medical therapy at ER(emergency room) lowered the mortality rate. This study was done to analyze the results with preoperative management at ER and operations, retrospectively. Material and Method: A series of 42 patients treated surgically for acute aortic dissections from 1991 to 2001 were included in this study. There were 18 males and 24 females. Mean age was 51.1 years. The admission course through emergency and outpatient department(OPD) was 34 and 8 respectively. Result: 26 patients underwent ascending aorta replacement-7 combined aortic valve replacements, 7 patients underwent descending aorta replacements and 9 patients received Bentall's operation. At emergency department, 20 patients received antihypertensive drugs and $\beta$-receptor blockers and 6 patients died. 22 patients did not receive antihypertensive and $\beta$-receptor block drugs and 10 patients died. There were 16(38%) overall deaths. Conclusion: Early diagnosis at ER or OPD is essential for acute aortic dissection, and it is important to select the most appropriate noninvasive interventions as possible. Therefore, preoperative drug therapy at ER is suggested according the patient conditions.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.229-235
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• 2016

Infective endocarditis (IE) caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a worldwide concern. We present a case of a 12-year-old child with IE of the native mitral valve due to MRSA infection after an invasive dental procedure. Based on the clinical symptoms and the presence of cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis, the patient was initially diagnosed with presumed bacterial meningitis and treated with empiric antibiotics. On the third day of hospitalization, MRSA was cultured from the initial blood samples and vegetation was observed on the mitral valve during an echocardiogram, findings which are compatible with a diagnosis of IE. The revised guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of IE advise that IE prophylaxis for dental procedures is reasonable only for patients with underlying cardiac conditions, who are at the highest risk of adverse outcomes from IE. However, in this case, the patient had no high risk factors indicative of IE prophylaxis, except for mitral valve prolapse. She had no recurrence of IE over a follow-up period of 12 months.