• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.82-94
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• 2001

The main geological structure of the Ogcheon belt in the Buunnyeong area, Mungyeong, which consists of three stratigraphic sequences, Joseon and Pyeongan Supergroups and Daedong Group, is characterized by the development of ESE-vergence structural unit (Dangok unit) and WNW-vergence structural units (Samsil and Bugongni units) onto an autochthonous unit (Buunnyeong unit). Three phases of deformation are recognized in this area. The lent phase of deformation coourred under the WNW-ESE compression, forming an upright-open fold (Buunnyeong-I fold) with NNE axial trend in the Buunnyeong unit. The second phase of deformation also under the WNW-ESE compression formed the Dangok, Samsil and Bugongni units, resulting in the further closing of the Buunnyeong-I open fold, the elongation of pebbles in the conglomerate rocks of a basal sequence of the Daedong Group, recumbent folds (Buunnyeong-II fold) and drag folds (Dangok fold) with NNE axial trend in the Buunnyeong and Dangok units, respectively. The third phase of deformation formed kink folds with its axis p1unging subvertically. The first and second phases of deformation took place before and after the deposition of the Daedong Group of the Upper Triassic -Lower Jurassic, respectively. These first two deformation events, which occurred under the same WNW-ESE compressional field, produced the regional NNE trend of geological structure in the Joseon and Pyeongan Supergroups of this area.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.615-623
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• 2016

This study was conducted to identify differences between qualities of health related to quality of life according to the general characteristics of ankylosing spondylitis patients. Overall, 275 patients who were older than 19 years, drug-maintained for over 4 weeks from Jan 13th to Feb 12th and diagnosed as ankylosing spondylitis at C university hospital participated in this study. Collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Scheffe's-test and multiple regression. The results of the present study revealed that Age (p=.008), Job (p<0.001), Number of comorbidity (p<0.001), Surgery for Ankylosing Spondylitis (p=0.002), Disease duration after onset symptom (p=0.010), Disease duration after diagnosis (p=0.027), Alcohol drinking (p=0.002) and Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p=0.049) were meaningful factors to the quality of health-related life for ankylosing spondylitis patients, and multiple regression analysis showed that level of education, income, comorbidity and alcohol consumption was a significant variable. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that, to improve quality of life, arbitration programs for improving general characteristics and considering demographic social characteristics and clinical features need to be provided. Therefore, it is expected that the results of this study would be used as actual grounds to develop integrated arbitration programs.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.247-255
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• 2016

Non-point pollutants from surface runoff during rainfall exert adverse effects on urban river water quality management. In particular, the first flush effect during the initial phase of rainfall can deliver significant amounts of pollutant loads to surface waters with extremely high concentrations. In this study, a sustainable first flush effect management system was developed by using settling and filtration that require no additional power or chemicals. A pilot scale experiment has shown that the removal of total suspended solid (TSS), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) are in ranges of 84 - 95%, 31 - 46%, and 42 - 86%, respectively. An Integrated Stormwater Runoff Management System (ISTORMS) was also developed to efficiently manage the developed system by linking weather forecast, flow rate and water quality modeling of surface runoff and automatic monitoring systems in fields and in the system. This study can provide effective solutions for the management of urban river in terms of both quantity and quality.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.13 no.1 s.18
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• pp.41-45
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• 1974

A total of 230 apparently healthy looking potato stocks and 80 potato stocks with symptoms of virus infection were collected from various seed potato farms in Korea and the incidence of potato virus X (PVX), potato virus S (PVS), potato virus M (PVM) and potato virus Y (PVY) was determined by serological microprecipitin tests. Results obtained are as follows. 1. Serological microprecipitin test retreated the presence of PVX, PVS, PVM and PVY in a number of potato stocks grown for the production of seed potatoes in Korea. 2. The occurrence of potato virus M is reported here for the first time in Korea with experimental evidence. 3. Practically $100\%$ (290 stocks, of the apparently healthy looking potato stocks were demonstrated to be infected with both PVX and PVS. The infection percentages of potato stocks with combination of PVX, PVS, PVM and PVY were as follows. PVX+PVS+PVM:$10.3\%$, PVX+PVS+PVY:$4.5\%$, PVX+PVS+PVM+PVY:$1.03\%$ 4. Irish Cobbler and Shimabara, which are the two major potato varieties in Korea, appear to be symptomless carriers of PVX and PVS. However, when these varieties were infected additionally with PVY, usually severe symptoms resulted. 5. Serological microprecipitin technique appears to be highly suitable for early, quick and reliable diagnosis of PVX, PVS PVM and PVY. It is particularly suited for large scale testing of seed potato stocks for the presence of viruses mentioned above.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.3341-3352
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• 2011

In this study, characteristics of wastewater treatment of sewage intermittently mixed with industrial wastewater is examined by investigating the operational status of each unit operation and measuring water quality. The bioreactor operating condition was measured for MLSS concentration 2,000~3,000 mg/L, HRT 5.3~16.3 hour, SRT 2.8~66.6 day, and SVI frequently showed the value above 200 which was higher than the optimal range of 50~150. It is thought that the sludge is not in suitable condition for sedimentation caused by the incoming industrial wastewater. When industrial wastewater is come into the system, MLDO inside of bioreactor rapidly increased, rate of nitrification is steeply decreased, and Pin floc. is spilled in the secondary clarifier. In the observance of microorganism showed that various bacterial floc. and ciliata were found as well as actinomycetes and filamentous bacteria(Sphaeotilus) which is known to cause bulking. Efficiency of each unit operation was fairly good in average. However, efficiency of the bioreactor treatment showed high fluctuation by unstable operating condition by intermittently incoming industrial wastewater.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 1989

A clinical study was made on 71cases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia from March, 86 to February, 89. The results were as follows; 1. Among the 315 cases of pneumonia, the incidence of mycoplasmal infection was 22.5%. 2. The peak incidence of age was between 5 to 9years of age(53.5%). 3. The sex ratio of male to female was 1.3:1. 4. Monthly distribution showed relatively high frequency from October to January(59.2%). 5. Most common clinical symptoms were cough(98.6%)and then followed by fever(49.3%), coryza(19.7%). Rales were the most common finding(95.7%) and followed by pharyngeal injection (49.3%) and wheezing(18.3 %). 6. The leukocyte counts in peripheral blood were most common in the range of 5000-10000/$mm^3$(47.9%) and the ESR was increased in 57.7%, and positive CRP cases were 87.3%. 7. The most common radiologic finding of pulmonary infiltration was interstitial infiltration(45.1) and then followed by disseminated lobular(39.4%) and lobar pneumonia(15.5%). 8. There are a few cases associated disease or complication: otitis media (5.6%), hepatitis(4.2%) acute glomerulonephritis. bronchial asthma and sinusitis(2.8%), thrombocytopenia(1.4%).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.299-309
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• 2019

This study was designed to assess the quality and quantity of food resources such as the chlorophyll a concentration (Chl-a), the particulate organic carbon (POC) and the particulate organic nitrogen (PON), on blood cocke (Tegillarca granosa Linnaeus) farms from May to November 2017 in the northwestern area of Yeoja Bay, Korea. The values of Chl-a, POC and PON were $1.69-7.68{\mu}g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ (average: $3.48{\mu}g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in the surface), 0.88-2.58 mM (average: 1.97 mM) and 0.17-0.90 mM (average: 0.54 mM), respectively, and these values were higher in the spring and summer and lower in the autumn. Furthermore, Chl-a and POC had higher values on the bottom layer than those vales on the surface, while PON had higher values on the surface than those values on the bottom. The POC/PON ratio and POC/Chl-a ratio were 1.56-7.88 (average: 3.71 on the surface of the water) and 216-967 (average: 700 on the bottom of the water), respectively, with most of the carbon sources being sediment-accumulated particle organic matter, and the contribution by phytoplankton was assessed as being low. These results show that the food source of the blood cockle farms in the northwest area of Yeoja Bay seems to be abundant in quantity, but this is considered to be very poor in quality.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.203-210
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• 2019

The aim of this review was to evaluate minimally invasive lateral lumbar interbody fusion on the latest update. Lumbar interbody fusion was introduced recently. This study performed, a literature review of the indications, clinical outcomes, fusion rate, and complications regarding recently highlighted minimally invasive lateral lumbar interbody fusion. The indications of lateral lumbar interbody fusion are similar to the conventional anterior and posterior interbody fusion in degenerative lumbar diseases. In particular, lateral lumbar interbody fusion is an effective minimally invasive surgery in spinal stenosis, degenerative spondylolisthesis, degenerative adult deformity, degenerative disc disease and adjacent segment disease. In addition, the clinical outcomes and fusion rates of lateral lumbar interbody fusion are similar compared to conventional lumbar fusion. On the other hand, non-specific complications including hip flexor weakness, nerve injury, vascular injury, visceral injury, cage subsidence and pseudohernia have been reported. Lateral lumbar interbody fusion is a very useful minimally invasive surgery because it has advantages over conventional anterior and posterior interbody fusion without many of the disadvantages. Nevertheless, nonspecific complications during lateral lumbar interbody fusion procedure remain a challenge to be improved.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2008

To extend our detailed knowledge for the Hwasan caldera, we carried out magnetotelluric (MT) survey, which is pretty sensitive to electrical property variation in both horizontal and vertical direction of subsurface, across the Hwasan caldera with the direction of EW. The 2-D inversion results of observed MT data lead to following conclusions. Firstly, the depth of the basin basement inferred by the MT inversion results matches well with that suggested by previous potential studies, but the basement resistivity seems fairly low when compared to that of general case. This feature might be related with the large-scaled, highly conductive layer beneath the Euisung Sub-basin suggested by the previous MT study. Secondly, the high resistivity zones reaching to 4000 $\Omega{\cdot}m$ are imaged around two external ring fault boundaries. These zones are thought of as the response of the rhyolitic dykes intruding along the ring fault, and in the previous gravity data correspond to relatively high density anomalies. Thirdly, low resistivity zone reaching to 200 $\Omega{\cdot}m$ is detected around a depth of 1km beneath the central part of the caldera, which has not been yet reported in korean geophysical literatures. If we take account of the evolution model of the Hwasan caldera, this zone is regarded as the past sedimentary layer that subsided during the period of forming external ring fault system. In addition, the relatively low density anomaly observed in the central part of the caldera may be attributed to this sedimentary layer.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2008

A geophysical mapping was performed for Hwasan caldera which is located in Euisung Sub-basin of the southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula. In order to overcome the limitation of the previous studies, remote sensing technic was used and dense potential data were obtained and analyzed. First, we analyzed geological lineament for target area using geological map, digital elevation model (DEM) data and satellite imagery. The results were greatly consistent with the previous studies, and showed that N-S and NW-SE direction are the most dominant one in target area. Second, based on the lineament analysis, highly dense gravity data were acquired in Euisung Sub-basin and an integrated interpretation considering air-born magnetic data was made to investigate the regional structure of the target area. The results of power spectrum analysis for the acquired potential data revealed that the subsurface of Euisung Sub-basin have two density discontinuities at about 1 km and 3-5 km depth. A 1 km depth discontinuity is thought as the depth of pyroclastic sedimentary rocks or igneous rocks which were intruded at the ring vent of Hwasan caldera, while a 3-5 km depth discontinuity seems to be associated with the depth of the basin basement. In addition, three-dimensional gravity inversion for the total area of Euisung Sub-basin was carried out, and the inversion results indicated two followings; 1) Cretaceous Palgongsan granite and Bulguksa intrusion rocks, which are located in southeastern part and northeastern part of Euisung Sub-basin, show two major low density anomalies, 2) pyroclastic rocks around Hwasan caldera also have lower density when compared with those of neighborhood regions and are extended to 1.5 km depth. However, a poor vertical resolution of potential survey makes it difficult to accurately delineate the detailed structure caldera which has a vertically developed characteristic in general. To overcome this limitation, integrated analysis was carried out using the magnetotelluric data on the corresponding area with potential data and we could obtain more reasonable geologic structure.