• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.127-134
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to observe the control effect of hypersensitivity after periodontal treatment in the 19% microcrystalline hydroxyapatite containing toothpaste for the subject of 85 persons of both sexes, who complained hypersensitivity. At 2 weeks and 4 weeks after periodontal treatment, comparison of control effect was performed between the 19% microcrystalline hydroxyapatite containing toothpaste group and control group. The result were as follows, 1. The main causes of dentin hypersensitivity are the root exposure with gingival recession and cervical abrasion. 2. The occurance rate of hypersensitive tooth in the upper jaw was higher than that of the lower jaw, and more or less, the molar area showed more occlurance of hypersensitivity than the premolar and incisor area in both jaw. 3. Patients showed very sensitive response to the thermal stimulus, especially cold stimulus. 4. Exellent control effect of hypersensitivity in 19% microcrystalline hydroxyapatite containing toothpaste group showed 83.02% at 2weeks, 92.45% at 4weeks and these values were higher than the control group. In conclusion, we find that 19% microcrystalline hydroxyapatite containing toothpaste have the control effect of hypersensitivity and the proper toothbrushing method is the key in attaining more effectiveness of the toothpaste.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.2244-2250
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency of daily toothbrushing among Korean adolescents. The Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey data were analysed. subject included 75,238 in 2008, 75,066 in 2009 and 73,238 in 2010, which included a nationally representative sample of middle and high school students. The frequency of daily toothbrushing was analysed according to socioeconomic status (gender, age, residential areas, type of school, parents' education and occupation). All survey data collected was processed using SPSS ver 19.0 for data analyses such as frequency analysis, t-test and Chi-square. The mean frequency of daily toothbrushing for 2008 was 3.92, 2009 was 3.96 and 2010 was 3.99. The appearance of toothbrushing after having lunch at school was indicated to be 34.5% in 2008, 38.0% in 2009 and 40.8% in 2010. This study has shown that need to systematic oral health promotion programmes for adolescent in Korea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.498-504
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• 2017

Oral health behavior such as toothbrushing one's teeth, using dentifrice and such are an important part of improving one's oral health and therefore quality of life. However, it is also necessary to research exposure to harmful chemical substances. Therefore, this study investigated the factors that affect researching fluorine exposure resulting from oral health behavior initiation so that correct oral health guidelines can be provided. As a result of applying the fluorine compound's oral exposure in the ConsExpo 5.0 model, adult males' oral external dose was at 0.000196 mg/kg, oral acute (internal) dose at 0.000196 mg/kg/day and oral chronic (internal) dose at 0.000465 mg/kg/day. In the case of females, the oral dose was at $4.1{\times}10^{-6}mg/kg$, oral acute (internal) dose at $4.1{\times}10^{-6}mg/kg$ and oral chronic (internal) dose at $9.99{\times}10^{-6}mg/kg/day$.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.694-700
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• 2007

It is a gel type high functional toothpaste containing vitamin C, E, propolis extract and the rest of herb with a nanoemulsion state. Vitamin C, E is known as the material with an eminent anti-oxidation effect. Propolis is known as the material with an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect. We have been succeeding in making nanoemulsion of vitamin C, E and propolis through the high pressure homogenizer using stable oil and lecithin and the gel type high functional tooth paste were made from nanoemulsion of vitamin C, E and propolis. We observed the process of wound protecting effect and cure effect for a wound of soft tissue, gingival tissue and mucous membrane showing ulcer and inflammation in oral cavity after applying a gel type high functional toothpaste to patient. As a result, the wound were healed very fast and any side effects were not shown. We confirmed that a gel type high functional toothpaste with nanoemulsion of vitamin C, E and propolis extract has good effect not only for wound healing but also for treatment of ulcer-like lesion in oral cavity. So we report our cases with review of literatures.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2004

연구 목적: 3개월 간의 잇솔질에 따른 칫솔의 마모의 정도와 양상을 관찰하고, 이를 이용한 잇솔질 시의 치태 제거능력의 변화를 평가하여 일반적으로 권장되고 있는 3개월 주기의 칫솔 교체 주기의 근거를 실제 임상적으로 확인해보고자 하였다. 연구방법: 치주적으로 건강한 치과 대학생 52명을 대상으로 설문지를 통해 잇솔질 습관을 조사하고, 치석제거술을 시행하고 실험기간 동안 동일한 칫솔과 치약을 사용하게 하였다. 1주일 후와 2달과 3달째에 구강 내를 erythrosine으로 염색한 후 6개의 Ramfjord 치아의 plaque score를 측정하고, 3달 동안 사용한 칫솔을 수거하여 brushing surface area의 면적으로 마모도를 평가하였다. 결과: 6명이 탈락하였고 전체 부위의 plaque score는 1주 때와 비교하여 2,3 개월의 값이 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 치간 부위의 plaque score는 3개월의 plaque score와 상관관계는 약하였다. 교체 주기, 잇솔질 횟수, 시간 등의 잇솔질 습관과 마모도의 연관성도 없었지만, 잇솔질 시간과 3개월째의 plaque score의 상관관계는 유의성 있는 결과를 보였다. 결론: 3개월 동안 사용한 칫솔의 치간 부위 치태제거 능력은 감소하였으며, 이의 임상적 영향에 대한 장기간의 연구가 필요하겠다.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.161-165
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of (-)-epigalocatechin on Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. To test the antimicrobial effect of (-)-epigalocatechin, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of against 4 strains of F. nucleatum, 2 strains of P. intermedia, and 2 strains of P. gingivalis was measured by broth dilution method. Time-kill curves were assessed for susceptible bacteria, testing $0{\times}MIC$ (control group), $0.5{\times}MIC$, $1{\times}MIC$, and $2{\times}MIC$ for (-)-epigalocatechin, by counting viable bacteria after 3, 90, 180, 360, 720, 1440 minutes. The MIC of (-)-epigalocatechin was 0.312-0.625, 0.625, and 0.625 mg/ml on the strains of F. nucleatum, P. intermedia, and P. gingivalis, respectively. Time-kill curves demonstrated (-)-epigalocatechin had bactericidal activity on P. intermedia ATCC $25611^T$, P. gingival is ATCC 53978, and F. nucleatum subsp. fusiforme ATCC $51190^T$. The results suggest that (-)-epigalocatechin can be useful in developing the oral hygiene product such as tooth past and gargling solution for the prevention of periodontal diseases.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.631-640
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• 2012

Objectives : This study mean to confirm the antibacterial activity of a garlic extract widely culturing in our region and was to determine the effect of dentifrice containing 0.1% extracts of garlic on dental plaque and gingivitis in a double blind and clinical studies in 50 healthy adults aged from 20 to 22 years who provided a consent for their participation. Methods : The antibacterial activity was evaluated using triple distilled water and the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) against various pathogens for periodontal disease, such as P. gingivalis 381(ATCC33277), was estimated. The experimental groups classified according to the concentration of garlic extract used: 10,000ppm(A), 5,000ppm(B), 2,500ppm(C), 1,000ppm(D). Oral examination of subjects was performed through clinical periods and on day of baseline, 6, 12, 19, 25 days plaque index and gingival index were scored by Turesky' modified index and Loe & Silness index. After 12, 19, 25 days use of their respective dentifrices, statistically decreases of plaque index, gingival index were shown in both the experimental and the control group, respectively. Results : There was significant antibacterial activity in the "2,500ppm(C)" group against P. gingivalis 381. Experimental group exhibited significantly the lower plaque levels and the higher levels of gingival health by the use of the dentifrices contained extract of garlic from 6 days compare with control group(p<0.05). The degree of decrease was more significant on gingivitis level of the experimental group than the control group(p<0.05). Conclusions : This findings indicated that the oral products containing a garlic extract is effective in preventing and treating periodontal diseases, and has potential value in inhibiting periopathogens.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.917-923
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of expertise and awareness of information on toothpaste in dental hygienists and to give patients information on toothpaste. Methods : The subjects was 205 dental hygienists working at dental clinic, dental hospital or college dental hospital in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. They filled out the questionaire from 13th to 27th April, 2013. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS 21.0 program and significant level was set at p=0.05. Results : The awareness of information on toothpaste was the highest in dental hygienists having under 3 years career and working at dental clinics(p<0.001). The level of expertise on toothpaste was the highest in those having over 5 years career and working at general hospital or college dental hospital(p<0.001). In association with the effect of toothpaste(p<0.05), experienced dental hygienists had a higher knowledge(1.68 point) that those who had no experience(2.27 point). Instruction of the oral care devices included 27.5% of dental floss, 27.1% of toothbrush and 25.4% of proxabrush, and 4.9% of toothpaste. Conclusions : The results revealed that the right choice of the toothpaste would be the best prevention of dental caries and it is necessary to educate the dental hygienists for the toothpaste information.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2009

For many years, intermaxillary fixation using arch bar has been operated in treatment of mandibular fracture patients. But it has many complications including injury of operators and assistants cause by wire, inflammation of periodontium. For that reasons alternatives are required; osteosynthesis technique using mini plate, intermaxillary fixation using IMF screws have been available. Treatment by arch bar fixation, however, is still valuable to treat craniomaxillary fracture patients. The purpose of this study is to know effect arch bar on periodontium and influence gingival gel on periodontium applied by arch bar. 40 mandibular fracture patients are monitored. 30 patients were applied by arch bar, 10 patients were not. And the former were classified by 3 categories; Nano vitamin and Mastic gel were applied to 10 patients respectively and any gingival gel was not used to 10 patients. Clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing and periodontal depth of each group were measured and compared before operation and on 2 weeks and 6 weeks after operation. Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze result which leads to this conclusion. 1. Whether arch bar is applied or not, treatment of mandlbular fracture gave rise to gingivitis, but 6 weeks after operation, gingivitis is restored to the same level as the state before operation. 2. More severe gingivitis appeared when arch bar is applied to mandibular fracture than when it is not. 3. Both gingival gel used in this study can reduce gingivitis which can be caused by arch bar. 4. In this study, Mastic gel is more effective for prevent gingival inflammation cause by arch bar than nano vitamin. In regard to this result, gingivitis is considered to be available because it is reversible and does not induce periodontal disease. Gingival gel is regarded to be helpful for patients applied by arch bar to feel less discomfort.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.477-484
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• 2010

Personal care products are a diverse group of synthetic organic chemicals such as antimicrobial compounds, UV filters and organo-phosphate flame retardants and derived from individual usages of soaps, toothpaste and cosmetics. It has been detected in municipal sewage effluent and various environmental samples such as surface water, marine, soil, sediment and aquatic biota in many countries. The occurrence of personal care products in environmental samples could negatively impact the health of the ecosystem and humans, due to persistent, long-term chronic exposure of aquatic organisms. In this study, fifteen personal care products in aquatic environmental samples were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with liquidliquid extraction (LLE). Method detection limits were in the range of $0.004\sim0.273\;{\mu}g/L$. Two compounds (TCEP, TCPP) were detected in surface waters and seven compounds (triclosan, 4-MBC, EHMC, BP-3, TCEP, TPP, TBEP) were detected in sewage treatment plants (STP) influents or effluents.