• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.57-65
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• 2004

The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in two dimensions are stabilized by a modified residual method, and then discretized by hierarchical elements. The stabilization is necessary to escape from the Ladyzhenskaya-Babuska-Brezzi(LBB) constraint and hence to achieve an equal order formulation. To expedite a standard iterative method such as the conjugate gradient squared(CGS) method, a preconditioning technique called the Hierarchical Iterative Procedure(HIP) has been applied. In this paper, we increased the order of interpolation within an element up to cubic. The hierarchical elements have been used to achieve a higher order accuracy in fluid flow analyses, but a proper efficient iterative procedure for higher order finite element formulation has not been available so far The numerical results by the present HIP for the lid driven cavity flow and others showed the present procedure to be stable, very efficient and useful in flow analyses in conjunction with hierarchical elements.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.18 no.1 s.28
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• pp.81-93
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• 2005

통과대명청시대부과치료법급방제적연구(通過對明淸時代婦科治療法及方劑的硏究), 득출여하결논(得出如下結論): 수송대대부과질병중시기혈병기적영향(受宋代對婦科疾病重視氣血病機的影響), 명청시대수연이조기(明淸時代雖然以調氣), 보허(補虛), 양혈(凉血), 청열(淸熱), 작위조경적사대강요이강조조기(作爲調經的四大綱要而强調調氣), 단역주장필수요변증논치(但亦主張必須要辨證論治). 명청시대적태전조치법(但亦主張必須要辨證論治), 시수주진형적산전요청열양혈리논적영향이발전기내적(是受朱震亨的産前要淸熱養血理論的影響而發展起來的). 우기시발생소(尤其是發生小) 산후(産後), 왕륜주장하차임신시(王綸主張下次妊娠時), 수사전복약이예방발생타태(需事前服藥以豫防發生墮胎). 이차독특적견해(以此獨特的見解), 용내예방타태(用來豫防墮胎). ${\ulcorner}$연수신방(延壽神方)${\lrcorner}$중기재적일종산후조치법(中記載的一種産後調治法), 시류사실내공기급산부호흡도적초훈소독법(是類似室內空氣及産婦呼吸道的醋熏消毒法). 차방법대산부호흡도감염적발생(此方法對産婦呼吸道感染的發生), 구유예방작용(具有豫防作用).

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.117-123
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• 1992

This study has been carried out to investigate the treatment and drugs of Hu-Ro(虛勞) by referring to 35 literatures. The results were as follows; 1. The treatment of Hu-Ro(虛勞) is as follows. basic treatment : hujeokboji (虛卽補之) nojaonji sonjaonji (勞者溫之 損者溫之) general treatment : onbo (溫補) - bojungikgiseongyang (補中益氣升陽) chungbo (淸補) - jaeomganghwa (滋陰降火) 2. The drugs of Gi-Su(氣嗽) is as follows. gihu (氣虛) : bojungikgitang (補中益氣湯), sagunjatang (四君子湯) hulhu (血虛) : samultang (四物湯), daebojineum (大補眞飮) yanghu (陽虛) : oogwieum (右歸嗽), jwagihwna (左歸丸) eumhu (陰虛) : yukmihwan (六味丸), jwagihwna (左歸丸) eumyangguhu (陰陽俱虛) : gojineumja (固眞飮子), palmultang (八物湯)

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.61-82
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• 2005

통과술내용적연구득출이하결논(通過上述內容的硏究得出以下結論) 1. 송대의학적특점시유료흔다일계열신적지식, 갱가중시료대리논적정리(更加重視了對理論的整理), 대당시모종병적각종병인병기적인식진행통일귀납(對當時某種病的各種病因病機的認識進行統一歸納), 병통과분석총결병인병기게시료전형증상급주요치법(幷通過分析總結病因病機揭示了典型症狀及主要治法). 2. 송대의가재연구부여생리기적기혈병기적특수성방면다중시혈(宋代醫家在硏究婦女生理期的氣血病機的特殊性方面多重視血), 재임신병중중시기기옹새(在姙娠病中重視氣機壅塞), 재산후병중중시악혈부진(在産後病中重視惡血不盡). 3. 도료송대(到了宋代), 재연구부과병병인방면(在硏究婦科病病因方面), 종이전적중시외인전위중시내인(從以前的重視外因轉爲重視內因), 이차폐기료종전적귀신적병인(而且廢棄了從前的鬼神的病因), 재방실병인상강조료요적당(在房室病因上强調了要適當). 재진단상(在診斷上), 수봉건예교적영향(受封建禮敎的影響), 이결합병기적전형적증상위표준(以結合病機的典型的症狀爲標準).

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.143-157
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• 2007

통과분석(通過分析)"금궤요략심전 혈비허노병맥증병치제육(血痺虛勞病脈證幷治第六)" 조문중우재경주석적특미(條文中尤在經註釋的特微), 득출여하결론(得出如下結論) : 인위혈비적발병원인(認爲血痺的發病原因), 주요시양허위외불고(主要是陽虛衛外不固), 기주요증상(其主要症狀), 시신체불인(是身體不仁). 여풍사소치적풍비구별개(與風邪所致的風痺區別개). 음양구미중적음양(陰陽俱微中的陰陽), 해석위(解釋爲)'해인영(該人迎), 부양(趺陽), 태계위언(太溪爲言)'. 인위허노천증적병인시기허혹양허(認爲虛勞喘症的病因是氣虛或陽虛), 여일반인위시신불납기적관점유소부동(與一般認爲是腎不納氣的觀點有所不同). 인위건중적중시사운지축(認爲建中的中是四運之軸), 음양지기(陰陽之機), 구체지비위(具體指脾胃). 영위생성우수곡(營衛生成于水穀), 수곡전수우비위(水穀轉輸于脾胃). 비위시음양순환적관건(脾胃是陰陽循環的關鍵). 위료화음양조영위(爲了和陰陽調營衛), 강조필수사용구우중기지입적치법(强調必需使用求于中氣之立的治法).

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.295-302
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• 2008

Until the middle of the 20th century, exogenous febrile disease was the most common disease that threatened the human health. For a long time, oriental medicine doctors developed many ways to cure this disease by studying pathogenic factors. The phthogenic factors and treatments of exogenous febrile disease with time are as followings. "Naegyeong(內經)" : Cold pathogen. Diaphoretic therapy, purgation therapy. Hwata : Cold pathogen. Diaphoretic therapy, emetic therapy, purgation therapy. Jangjunggyeong(張仲景) : Cold pathogen. Eight principal therapeutic methods except diaphoretic therapy with pungent and cool properties. Yuhagan(劉河間) : Fire pathogen. Diaphoretic therapy with pungent and cool properties. Idongwon(李東垣) : Improper diet and overstrain. Reinforcing therapy. Ouga(吳又可) : Epidemic pathogenic factors. Diaphoretic therapy with pungent and cool properties, Heat-reducing therapy. purgation therapy Seopcheonsa(葉天士) : Warm pathogen. diaphoretic therapy, Heat-reducing therapy, expel Heat therapy, cooling the blood and eliminating stagnation of blood. Oguktong(吳鞠通) : Six pathogenic factors. Eight principal therapeutic methods including diaphoretic therapy with pungent and cool properties.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.18 no.4 s.31
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• pp.155-165
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• 2005

진당시기대상한론치법적연구유(晋唐時期對傷寒論治法的硏究有): 왕숙화운용당시성행적(王叔和運用當時盛行的)‘한(汗), 토(吐), 하(下), 온(溫), 구(灸), 자(刺), 수(水), 화(火)’등팔법(等八法), 귀납료상한론적증치경험(歸納了傷寒論的證治經驗); 손사막근거자기적임상경험(孫思邈根據自己的臨床經驗), 파상한론적태양병편진행료(把傷寒論的太陽病篇進行了)‘이방명법(以方名法), 안법류증(按法類證)’, 저시해시기대상한론육경병치법적대표성적연구(這是該時期對傷寒論六經病治法的代表性的硏究), 저종연구유원시화력사적국한성(這種硏究有原始和歷史的局限性), 종중국의학대상한론육경병치법적연구력사고려(從中國醫學對傷寒論六經病治法的硏究歷史考慮), 저성위료후세적치법연구적선구자(這成爲了後世的治法硏究的先驅者), 구유비상대적영향(具有非常大的影響). 재송대대상한론치법적연구상(在宋代對傷寒論治法的硏究上), 기관건작용적의가유방안시화주굉(起關鍵作用的醫家有龐安時和朱肱). 타문대상한론치료원칙적천발(他們對傷寒論治療原則的闡發), 대륙경병적분석귀납(對六經病的分析歸納), 이급제시구체적치법상(以及提示具體的治法上), 도주출료공헌(都做出了貢獻). 방안시주장료응안인(龐安時主張了應按人), 지(地), 시제정치료적사상(時制定治療的思想); 주굉이(朱肱以)‘병유표본(病有標本), 치유선후(治有先後)’위치료원칙(爲治療原則), 여상한론상결합진행치료(與傷寒論相結合進行治療), 대후세의가산생료영향(對後世醫家産生了影響). 도료금원대성무기(到了金元代成無己), 류완소(劉完素), 왕호고등(王好古等), 대내경내용각자이사상관점(對內經內容各自以思想觀点), 분별안변증론치총결료육경병적치료규율(分別按辨證論治總結了六經病的治療規律), 동시대증후화방약진행료분석(同時對證候和方藥進行了分析), 천명료구체적육경병치법적병리전귀(闡明了具體的六經病治法的病理轉歸), 도유기독창성(都有其獨創性). 성무기용내경해석료상한론(成無己用內經解釋了傷寒論), 총결해기(總結解肌) 발한(發汗) 중제발한(重劑發汗) 해표행수(解表行水) 화해(和解) 공비 지열(止熱) 삼설등치법, 위후세대상한론치법적연구개벽료도로, 인이갱가명확화해적개념(因而更加明確和解的槪念), 병응용지금(幷應用至今). 류완소제창료주화론(劉完素提倡了主火論), 중시료상한론한(重視了傷寒論汗), 토(吐), 하삼법적연구(下三法的硏究), 창립료신량해표법(創立了辛凉解表法), 대후세온병치료적발전대래료흔대영향. 왕호고작위이수학파(王好古作爲易水學派), 운용장부적한열허실이론결합약미효능(運用臟腑的寒熱虛實理論結合藥味效能), 탐색료상한론육경병적치료규율(探索了傷寒論六經病的治療規律), 강조료양명병적익진액적치료원칙(强調了陽明病的益津液的治療原則), 대후세연구상한론치법급여료흔대적계발. 이상대상한론치법연구(以上對傷寒論治法硏究), 불근성위당시임상의학적선도(不僅成爲當時臨床醫學的先導), 이차성위료후세연구상한론치법적기초(而且成爲了後世硏究傷寒論治法的基礎).

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.159-169
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• 1999

Osteomalacia is syndrome of diverse etiology. characterized pathophysiologically by a failure of normal mineralization of bone and epiphyseal cartilage. This study was performed to investigate causes of disease, pathogenic mechanisms, symptoms, therapies and precriptions through the successive medical literatures. recent chinese medical literatures and chinese medical journals. It is similar to atrophic debility of bones, bone leaning, bone exhaustion, rheumatism involving the bone, osteodynia and cold and heat of bone etc. of oriental medicine. The most principal cause of this is deficiency of kidney. similar to hypophosphatemia caused by increased renal clearance and deficiency of vitamin D, and the rest are senility, deficiency of spleen, deficiency of qi and deficiency of blood. There are nourishing the kidney and spleen, nourishing the qi and blood, warming and passing the muscle and mac, passing an articulation an invigorating the muscle and bone, in principal therapy. And in medical herbs are rehmanniae radix preparat, corni fructus, discoreae rhizoma, cuscutae semen, tigridis os, juglandis semen, hominis placenta, drynariae rhizoma, eucommiae cortex, cynomorii herba, cervi cornus colla, cervi pantotrichum cornu, moutan cortex, polygoni multiflori radix, angelicae gigantis radix, achyranthis bidentatae radix, cibotii rhizoma, hirudo, eupolyphaga, spatholobi caulis, salviae miltiorrhizae radix, draconis resina, curcumae longae rhizoma. In care there are a sun-bath, exercise, high protein diet and taking vitamin D. And they reduce smoking, coffee, drinking etc.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1 s.29
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• pp.51-70
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• 1995

To find the cause, pathology, oriental presciptions for SLE(systemic lupus erythematous) in the field of oriental medicine, we studied the clinical reports. The results were obtained as follows: 1. SLE can' be thought to be a category of chronic fatigue, numbness, yang poison' & erythema. 2. The chief cause of SLE could be a febrile poison and the lack of physiological fluid and the mechanism was that febrile poison attacted area of circulation and blood and injuried the physiological fluid to arise edema and clotted blood. 3. The therapy of SLE was chiefly clarifying heat and toxiciding in acute stage while reinforcing kidney and liver and supplementing Yin & clarifying in chronic stage, sometimes supplementing Qi, eliminating clotted blood, excuding wind and draining water could be applied. 4. The therapy for SLE nephritis was shown to be increasing yin and clarifying heat with toxiciding, reinforcing spleen and kidney, draining water, supplementing yin & Qi etc. The chief prescriptions were Seogakjihwangtang(犀角地黃湯), Wookakjihwangtang(牛角地黃湯), yeechihwan(二至丸), Daepowonjeon(大補元煎), Daepoeumhwan(大補陰煎), Kikukjihwangtang(杞菊地黃湯), Yookmijihwangtang(六味地黃湯) which indicates Rhemanniae radix added prescrition could be used chiefly for the treatment of SLE.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1 s.29
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• pp.172-183
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• 1995

According to the literature surrey, we summarized the treatment and prescription for Su-Cheon(水喘), Hwa-Cheon(火喘) and Cardiac Asthma as follows. 1. The aim of treatment for Su-cheam(水喘) is I-Su-Hwa-Daw(利水火痰), Pynng-Cheon-Ick-Qi(平喘益氣) and Mokbangki-tang(木防己湯), Jungryuk daejosapye-tang(亭曆大棗瀉肺湯) Socheong ryong-tang(小靑龍湯), Gagamshinki-hwan(加減腎氣丸) and Shinbi-tang(神秘湯) are often used. 2. The sim of treatment for Hwa-Chean(火喘) is Cheong-Kuem-Kwang-Hwa(淸金降火祛痰) and Backho-tang(白虎湯) and Dodamtang-gamibang(導痰湯加味方) are useful. 3. In Oriental medicine, Sangmak-Sun(生脈散) and Sambutang-gamibang(參附湯加味方) for Ink-Qi-Ryum-Eum(益氣斂陰) and On-Yang-I-Su-Qi(溫湯利水化氣) are often used for cardiac asthma. 4. As the treatment for Su-Cheon(水喘), Hwa-Cheon(火喘), and cardiac asthma are Similar to, it is supposed to be need of careful differential diagnosis and treatment.