• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.154-161
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• 2004

An experimental method for measuring side-necking deformation near a crack-tip is described. It is based on Stereoscopic Digital Speckle Photography and Digital Image Correlation, and it is simple and robust to mechanical vibration inherent to a hydraulic material test system. The validity and accuracy are evaluated through a calibration fur rigid body translation. A case study has been performed for a CT specimen made of a ductile steel and the three dimensional profiles of the side-necked region are presented as the load increases. Also, the details of the procedure and the surface treatment are discussed.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.365-371
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• 2004

Generally, fracture of a material is influenced by plastic zone size developed near the crack tip. Hence, according to the relative size of plastic zone in the material, the mechanics as a tool for analyzing the fracture process are classified into three kinds, that is, Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics, Elastic Plastic Fracture Mechanics, Large Deformation Fracture Mechanics. Even though the plastic zone size is such an important parameter, the practical measurement techniques are very limited and the one for in-situ measurement is not virtually available. Therefore, elastic-plastic FEA has been performed to estimate the plastic zone size. In this study, it is noticed that side necking at the surface is a consequence of plastic deformation and lateral contraction and the relation between the plastic zone and side necking is investigated. FEA for modified boundary layer models with finite thickness, various mode mixities $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$ and strain hardening exponent n=3, 10 are performed. The results are presented and the implication regarding to application to experiment is discussed.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.420-425
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• 2004

Lee and Kang measured side-necking deformation near a crack-tip for CT specimen using Stereoscopic Digital Speckle Photography and Digital Image Correlation. In this work the same technique was applied to SENB specimen. We happened to find that the deformation shape of the side-necking is similar to the one of plastic region estimated by McClictock using slip line theory. Based on volume constancy of plastic deformation as well as this finding, it is expected that a linear relationship holds between the volume of plastic deformation region and the one of side-necking upon the lateral surface of a specimen. To prove the idea, a preliminary study has been performed using 3-D finite element method on a model with modified boundary layer formulation. As the result, it is shown that the idea works well with acceptable error.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.153-164
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• 2017

The geological factors for causing ground subsidence are very diverse. It can be affected by any geological or extrinsic influences, and even within the same geological factor, the soil depression impact factor can be determined by different physical properties. As a result of reviewing a large number of papers and case histories, it can be seen that there are seven categories of ground subsidence factors. The depth and thickness of the overburden can affect the subsidence depending on the existence of the cavity, whereas the depth and orientation of the boundary between soil and rock are dominant factors in the ground composed of soil and rock. In case of soil layers, more various influencing factors exist such as type of soil, shear strength, relative density and degree of compaction, dry unit weight, water content, and liquid limit. The type of rock, distance from the main fracture and RQD can be influential factors in the bedrock. When approaching from the hydrogeological point of view, the rainfall intensity, the distance and the depth from the main channel, the coefficient of permeability and fluctuation of ground water level can influence to ground subsidence. It is also possible that the ground subsidence can be affected by external factors such as the depth of excavation and distance from the earth retaining wall, groundwater treatment methods at excavation work, and existence of artificial facilities such as sewer pipes. It is estimated that to evaluate the ground subsidence factor during the construction of underground structures in urban areas will be essential. It is expected that ground subsidence factors examined in this study will contribute for the reliable evaluation of the ground subsidence risk.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.22-27
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• 2015

도로함몰 사고 증가를 계기로 지하 구조물의 안전 관리 방법, 특히 비파괴 검사 장비에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있다. 지중투과 레이더 기술은 전자파의 투과, 반사 특성을 이용한 비파괴 검사 기술로써 투과 깊이, 투과 해상도 등 비파괴 검사 성능 측면에서 가장 주목받고 있는 기술이다. 본고에서는 지중투과 레이더 기술의 특징, 국외 제품 동향을 살펴본다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.1021-1028
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• 2004

Kim et al. suggested an experimental method to determine the Q parameter in situ from the out-of-plane displacement and the in-plane strains on the surface of side necking near the crack tip. In this paper, the procedure to evaluate the stress triaxiality near a crack tip such as the Q parameter is to be polished in the details for simplicity and accuracy. That is, Q and hydrostatic stress are determined only from the out-of-plane displacement, but not using in-plane strain, which is hard to measure. And also, the plastic modulus is determined by an alternative way. Through three-dimensional finite element analyses for a standard CT specimen with 20% side-grooves, the validities of the new procedures are examined in comparison to the old ones. The effect of location where the displacements are measured to determine the stress triaxiality is explored.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.5-12
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• 2018

Underground cavities could induce road subsidence, which have been frequently observed in urban areas. Therefore, adequate backfilling materials and the restoring methods of the cavities are required to prevent the road subsidence. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the suitability of backfilling methods using foaming lightweight grouting materials considering the flow values, unit weights, and air contents at slurry and expanded states, and unconfined compressive strengths. The grouting materials consist of water, cement, and foaming agent whose proportions of water, cement, and foaming agent are 25: 25: 1.0 and 25: 25: 1.2. The flow values of the two materials are greater than 200 mm, and their unconfined compressive strengths at 28 days age are smaller than 1.3 MPa. From the results, the two proportions of materials are expected to be effectively used as a backfilling material. However, the material components should be carefully mixed because poor mix of these materials could induce non-homogeneous distribution of air bubbles. The unexpectedly non-homogeneous distribution of air bubbles may induce significant cracks or additional cavities.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.94-102
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• 1988

Studies were carried out to describe the structure and distribution of various sensilla on the antenna and mouthparts of the Oriental tobacco bud worm (H. assulta) larvae by light and scanning electron microscopy. The larval antenna has 3 segments. The second segment has 2 hairs and 3 pegs, while the third segment shows 3 regular pegs and a segmented peg (styloconicum type). Each mandible bears 2 aporous hairs on the lateral surface. The labrum bears 12 aporous hairs on its external surface. and 6 aporous hairs, 4 coeloconica-like sensilla and 2 campaniformia-like sensilla on its epipharynx. The stipes has 3 hairs, and the galea has 3 pegs. 2 papillae and 2 domes. The maxillary palpus has only a digitiform sensillum on its 1st segment but 11 sensilla of 4 different types on its 2nd segment. Maxillary sensilla represent almost 70% of total number of larval sensilla on the mouthparts. Labial pal pus has a single segment bearing a large segmented uniporous peg and a small peg. Finally their possible fun¬ctions were suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the suitability of emergency underground cavity restoration method filling cavity with expansive material based on numerical analysis. For the numerical analysis, experiments were conducted to evaluate properties of expansive material. Based on the measured expansion pressure of the expansive material from the experiment, behavior of underground cavity restoration with various cavity dimensions (variation of height and width of rectangular-shape cavity) was numerically assessed. As a result of analysis, the vertical displacements of the top and bottom of cavity were significantly influenced by the cavity width and lateral displacements of cavity sides were highly dependent on cavity height. These vertical and lateral displacements were increased with increasing expansion pressure of expansive material. Also, when the expansion pressure was applied, the vertical displacement of the upper surface layer of the road was less dependent on cavity height, and was greatly influenced by cavity width.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.422-427
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• 2004

Treacher Collins syndrome is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with variable penetrance. It shows a marked variability even in the same family. This syndrome is developmental defect affecting the branchial arches. It is not usually associated with acute respiratory distress, but has symptoms of microtia, hypoplastic zygomatic bones, hypoplastic mandibular rami, and bilateral coloboma. It usually requires an emergency operation immediately after the birth. We experienced an infant with Treacher Collins syndrome who showed retrognathia, glossoptosis, microtia, and cleft palate. Intermittent cyanosis, depression of the chest, respiratory difficulty associated with airway obstruction, and swallowing difficulty were also observed. To relieve severe upper airway obstruction caused by retrognathia and glossoptosis, we simultaneously performed tongue-lip adhesion and subperiosteal release of the floor of the mouth. The respiratory and swallowing difficulties were relieved and the tongue repositioned anteriorly. We report the present case with a review of the literature.