• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.132-142
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• 2000

The objective of this study is to experimentally investigate the noise propagating characteristics, the noise reduction mechanism and the performance of a slotted tube attached at the exit plane of a circular convergent nozzle. The experiment is performed through the systematic change of the jet pressure ratio and the slot length under the condition of two kinds of open area ratios, 25% and 51%. The open area ratio calculated by the tube length equivalent for the slot length is defined as the ratio of the total slot area to the surface area of a slotted tube. The experimental results for the near and far field sound, the visualization of jet structures and the static pressure distributions in the jet passing through a slotted tube are presented and explained in comparison with those for a simple tube. The propagating characteristics of supersonic jet noises from the slotted tube is closely connected with the slot length rather than the open area ratio, and its propagating pattern is similar to the simple tube. It is shown that the slotted tube has a good performance to suppress the shock-associated noise as well as the turbulent mixing noise in the range of a limited jet pressure and slot dimension. The considerable suppression of the shock‘associated noise is mainly due to the pressure relief caused by the high-speed jets passing through the slots on the tube. Both the strength of shock waves and the interval between them in a jet plume are decreased by the pressure relief. Moreover, the pressure relief is divided into the gradual and the sudden relief depending upon the open area ratio of the slotted tube. Consequently, the shock waves in a jet plume are also changed by the type of pressure relief. The gradual pressure relief caused by the slotted tube with the open area ratio 25% generates the weak oblique shock waves. On the contrary, the weak normal shock waves appear due to the sudden pressure relief caused by the slotted tube with the open area ratio 51%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.263-266
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• 2007

The ballistic range has long been employed in a variety of engineering fields such as high-velocity impact engineering, projectile aerodynamics, creation of new materials since it can create an extremely high-pressure state in very short time. Two-stage light gas gun is being employed most extensively. The present experimental study has been conducted to develop a new type of ballistic range which can easily perform a projectile simulation. The experiment is conducted to find out the dependence of various parameters on the projectile velocity. The pressure in high-pressure tube, pressure of diaphragm rupture and projectile mass and piston mass are varied to obtain various projectile velocities. The flow field is visualized to see flow around projectile.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.42-47
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• 1988

The off-axis tensile strength of the unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastic and the residual strength of impact damaged CFRP were measured and compared with the stress wave factor (SWF) of the specimens. The SWF values were measured to be decreased with the strength reduction in both cases and found to be useful for the nondestructive strength evaluation of unidirectional CFRP. The failure behaviour of the unidirectional CFRP during off-axis tensile testing was also monitored by acoustic emission(AE) method. The AE energy release showed the characteristic feature depending on the off-axis angle and this result was analyzed to be caused by the difference of the expected failure mode depending on the off-axis angle. The failure mode of CFRP was found to be analyzed by investigation of the peak amplitude distribution of AE.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.16-16
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• 2000

충격파를 포함하는 초음속 유동을 해석하는 수치해법 중에서 많이 사용되어진 것은 엄밀 및 근사 리만 해법과 플럭스 분할 기법들로서 이들은 Euler 방정식에 기반을 두고 선형 또는 비선형파의 상호작용을 풍상 차분법으로 기술하는 방법들이다. 이러한 수치기법들은 과거 광범위하게 사용되어 왔으나 최근 여러 가지 단점이 발견되었다. 이와 같은 문제점을 극복하고자 입자의 통계적인 운동을 기술하는 기체 운동론에 근거하여 BGK 수치기법이 제시되었다. 이는 비충돌 볼츠만 방정식으로부터 입자의 수준에서 플럭스 분할 기법 형태의 풍상차분법을 구현하는 것으로 볼츠만 방정식의 충돌항을 BGK 모델로 대치하고 이것의 적분해로부터 수치 플럭스를 구한다. 이 수치기법은 기존의 리만해법에 비하여 수치적으로나 물리적으로 매우 타당한 성질인 강건성, 정확성, 엔트로피 조건, 양수보존성 등을 가지고 있음이 밝혀졌다. 이와 같은 수치기법을 사용하여 로켓 노즐 내의 아음속, 천이음속, 초음속에서의 유동장 해석을 위한 프로그램을 작성하였다. 시간 적분에 대하여는 정상 상태의 계산을 위하여 내재적 시간 적분 방법을 사용하였으며, 공간 이산화 방법으로는 임의의 제어체적에 대하여 적분형 보존 방정식을 적용하는 유한 체적법을 사용하였다. 초음속 입구 유동과 출구에서 초음속과 저음속 유동의 두가지 경우를 고려하여 얻은 결과를 기존의 연구 결과와 비교하여 본 결과 잘 일치하였다. 입구 유동이 저음속이고 출구 유동이 초음속인 경우에 대하여도 해석결과가 실험결과와 잘 일치하였다. 상대적으로 낮은 온도, 압력 조건과 높은 온도, 압력 조건을 가지는 고체 로켓 모터 노즐 내의 유동을 해석하였다. 이들 해석 결과를 전압, 전온도로 표준화시킨 결과 서로 일치하였으며, 파라서 저온, 저압에서 얻은 결과도 표준화시킬 경우, 고온, 고압에서도 사용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.의 영향에 초점을 맞추었다.다고 판단되며 배기 가스 자체에 대기 공기중에 함유되어 있던 습기가 얼어붙는(Icing화) 문제가 발생하기 때문에 배기가스의 Icing을 방지하기 위하여 압축기 끝단에서 공기를 추출하여 배기부분에 송출할 필요성이 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 출구가스의 기체 유동속도가 매우 빠르므로 (100-l10m.sec) 이를 완화하기 위한 디퓨저의 설계가 요구된다고 판단된다. 또 연소기 후방에 물을 주입하는 경우 열교환기 및 기타 부분품에 발생할 수 있는 부식 및 열교환 효율 저하도 간과할 수 없는 문제로 파악되었다. 이러한 기술적 문제가 적절히 해결되는 경우 비활성 가스 제너레이터는 민수용으로는 대형 빌딩, 산림, 유조선 등의 화재에 매우 적절히 사용되어 질 수 있을 뿐 아니라 군사적으로도 군사작전 중 및 공군 기지의 화재 그리고 지하벙커에 설치되어 있는 고급 첨단 군사 장비 등의 화재 뿐 아니라 대간첩작전 등에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.가 작으며, 본 연소관에 충전된 RDX/AP계 추진제의 경우 추진제의 습기투과에 의한 추진제 물성 변화는 미미한 것으로 나타났다.의 향상으로, 음성개선에 효과적이라고 사료되었으며, 이 방법이 편측 성대마비 환자의 효과적인 음성개선의 치료방법의 하나로 응용될 수 있으리라 생각된다..7%), 혈액투석, 식도부분절제술 및 위루술·위회장문합술을 시행한 경우가 각 1례(2.9%)씩이었다. 13) 심각한 합병증은 9례(26.5%)에서 보였는데 그중 식도협착증이 6례(17.6%), 급성신부전증 1례(2.9%), 종격동기흉과 폐염이 병발한 경우와 폐염이 각 1례(2.9%)였다. 14) 식도경 시행회수는 1회가 17례(54.8%), 2회가 9례(29.0%), 3회 이상이 5례(16.1%)였다.EX>$IC_{50}$/ 값이 210 $\mu\textrm{g}$<

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.394-402
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• 1986

Detonation reaction in L.P.G./$O_2$ mixture gas has been investigated over the L.P.G. concentration range of 3∼45 volume%. The variation of detonation velocity with mixture ratio is very interesting as it shows and inflection point near at the stoichiometric ratio. This might be ascribed to the fact that the detonation reactions at fuel-rich condition and fuel-lean condition proceed via different mechanisms. The maximum detonation velocity of 2.65km/sec occurs not at stoichiometric ratio(${\phi}$=1) but at fuel-rich condition (${\phi}$=1.57). Assuming that a stable detonation wave must propagates with the constant velocity, The upper and lower limit of detonation were determined and found to be 40.0 and 3.40 L.P.G. volume% respectively. The shock-heating technique was also utilized for the measurement of self-ignition temperature onsetting a stable detonation wave at varous mixture ratios. The self-ignition temperature at stoichiometric ratio is $742{\pm}3{\circ}K$ and the self-ignition temperature increases as the mixture ratio deviates from the stoichiometric condition.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.5-14
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• 2016

The leakage of water under sewer pipelines is one of main sources of sinkholes in urban areas. We performed laboratory model tests to investigate the presence of cavities using impact-echo method, which is a nondestructive test method. To simulate a concrete sewer pipe, a thin concrete plate was built and placed over container filled with sand. The cavity was modeled as an extruded polystyrene foam box. Two sets of tests were performed, one over sand and the other on cavity. A new impact device was developed to apply a consistent high frequency impact load on the concrete plate, thereby increasing the reliability of the test procedure. The frequency and transient characteristics of the measured reflected waveforms were analyzed via fast Fourier transform and short time Fourier spectrum. It was shown that the shapes of Fourier spectra are very similar to one another, and therefore cannot be used to predict the presence of cavity. A new index, termed resonance duration, is defined to record the time of vibration exceeding a prescribed intensity. The results showed that the resonance duration is a more effective parameter for predicting the presence of a cavity. A value of the resonance period was proposed to estimate the presence of cavity. Further studies using various soil types and field tests are warranted to validate the proposed approach.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.325-334
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• 2007

In this study, a long-term unsteady simulation model has been developed using rigid water column theory which is more accurate than Extended-period model and more efficient comparing with water-hammer simulation model. The developed model is applied to 24-hours unsteady simulation considering daily water-demand and water-hammer analysis caused by closing a valve. For the case of 24-hours daily simulation, the pressure of each node decreases as the water demand increase, and when the water demand decrease, the pressure increases. During the simulation, the amplitudes of flow and pressure variation are different in each node and the pattern of flow variation as well as water demand is quite different than that of KYPIPE2. Such discrepancy necessitates the development of unsteady flow analysis model in water distribution network system. When the model is applied to water-hammer analysis, the pressure and flow variation occurred simultaneously through the entire network system by neglecting the compressibility of water. Although water-hammer model shows the lag of travel time due to fluid elasticity, in the aspect of pressure and flow fluctuation, the trend of overall variation and quantity of the result are similar to that of water-hammer model. This model is expected for the analysis of gradual long-term unsteady flow variations providing computational accuracy and efficiency as well as identifying pollutant dispersion, pressure control, leakage reduction corresponding to flow-demand pattern, and management of long-term pipeline net work systems related with flowrate and pressure variation in pipeline network systems