• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.90-95
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• 1996

This study was performed to calculate the degration rate coefficient, operating parameters to meet the effluent standards, and the temperature adjustment coefficients to each parameter of pollution by seasonal variation of concentration and temperature of influent in livestock wastewater treatment by sequencing batch reactor process in field scale. The followings are the conclusions that were derived from this study. 1. In the field, temperature of livestock wastewater in reactor was 20.3$\circ$C in summer and 6.0$\circ$C in winter. The ratio of BOD:TKN: T-P in influent was 100:80:7. BOD loadings in winter and spring were 0.26 and 0.43 kg $BOD/m^3$ day, respectively. Those in summer and fall were 0.25 and 0.13 kg $BOD/m^3$ day, respectively. 2. The degradation rate coefficient for TKN was larger in summer and fall in which temperature was high than that in which temperature was high than that in winter and spring in which concentration was high. On the contrary, the phosphorus uptake rate was larger in winter and spring than that in summer and fall. 3. The hydraulic retention time in winter and spring was longer than that in summer and fall. Especially, in order to meet the standard for TKN of 120 mg/l in winter in which temperature of wastewater was 6.0$\circ$C, as the MLSS concentration was increased from 4, 000 to 7, 000 mg/l, the hydraulic retention time was increased from 212 to 121 hours. But, in order to shorten that less than 121 hours for the economical wastewater treatment, countermeasure to increase temperature of wastewater in the reactor should be considered. 4. the temperature adjustment coefficients for BOD, $COD_{Mn}$, TKN and T-P were 1.0241, 1.0225, 1.0541 and 1.0495, respectively. Namely, the treatment of TKN was most sensitively affected by temperature. For the purpose of the effective removal of nitrogen and phosphorus which are sensitive to temperature, it is necessary to keep the temperature of livestock wastewater more than 20$\circ$C which is the temperature of it in summer.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.159-171
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• 1990

본 연구의 목적은 담수호에 적합한 Multiple Box모형을 개발, 적용하여 장기 수질예측을 할 수 있도록 하므로써 담수호에서의 수질관리 방안을 제시하는데 있다. 모형은 수문 부모형과 수질 부모형으로 구성되어 있으며, 수질 부모형에서 고려한 수질항목은 수온, Chlorophyll-a, BOD, DO, N과 P 등이었다. 본 모형의 적용은 아산호를 대상으로 시행하였으며, 호의 수문환경조건을 고려하여 호를 상층은 2개의 Box, 하층은 1개의 Box 등 총 3개의 box로 분할하였다. 수질예측모형을 아산호에 적용한 결과 대체로 장기적 수질변화추세를 잘 나타내고 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 개발된 수질모형의 미래의 오염부하량을 입력하여 수질개선 방안들을 비교한 결과, Chlorophyll-a의 경우 무린세제의 도입이, BOD와 T-N의 경우 고도하수처리시, T-P의 경우 축산폐수의 저감시 각각 효과가 큰 것으로 평가되었다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2006

This study was carried out to recover phosphorus in animal wastewater using a magnesium source. $MgCl_2$, as a magnesium source, was shown a SP (soluble phosphorus) recovery rate of 98% in both the aeration and the NaOH tests to adjust pH around 8.5. In case of MgO, the recovery rate of SP were 88% with the aeration and 58% with the NaOH. In case of ammonia nitrogen recovery, $MgCl_2$ was shown the recovery rate of 17% with aeration and 18% with NaOH. MgO was shown the ammonia recovery rate of 18% with aeration and 11% with NaOH. At low temperature of $6-8^{\circ}C$ with the animal wastewater from piglet stall, the recovery rate of SP was shown 95% with NaOH and 92% with aeration using $MgCl_2$. The recovery rate of ammonia nitrogen was shown 9% with NaOH and 12% with aeration, respectively. It was observed that the pH can be raised by aeration. The reaction was completed within 5 minutes and the struvite cristal structure was formed and could be observed with an electronic microscope.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.215-225
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• 1992

To estimate pollution status of livestock wastewater on four piggeries and one abattoir in Taegu area, physicochemical water analysis such as pH, suspended solid(SS), biochemical oxygen demand(BOD) and chemical oxygen demand(COD), and bacteriological examinations such as number of total viable cells and number of coliform with or without antibiotic resistance were carried out. The results obtained were as follows : The pH values of raw sewage ranged from 9.0 to 7.2 that of the effluent treated was lowed to 5.6~7.7. The SS values of raw sewage ranged from 5,275ppm to 120ppm and those of the efflunet decreased to 162~30ppm. The BOD values of raw sewage ranged 6,200ppm to 120ppm and those of the effluent treated decreased to 111 ~80ppm. The COD values of raw sewage ranged from 5,725ppm to 298ppm and those of the effluent decreased to 137~76ppm. The total viable cells of raw sewage ranged from $8.5{\times}11^{11}$/ml to $9.9{\times}10^7$/ml, those of the effluent decreased to $5.6{\times}10^6{\sim}4.2{\times}10^8/ml.$ The total coliforms of raw sewage ranged from $5.5{\times}10^9$/ml to $1.3{\times}10^5$/ml, those of the effluent decreased to $3.6{\times}10^4ml{\sim}9.0{\times}10^6$/ml. The incidence of streptomycin resistant coliforms was the highest(1.8~66.7%), and followed by tetracycline(1.7~64%), kanamycin(9.3~50.l%), ampicillin(0.06~45.5%) and chloramphenicol(14.3~33.5%) to total coliforms of raw sewage. The incidence of antibiotic resistant coliforms of raw sewage in farms ranged from 3.4~66.7% and that of abattoir's was 0.06% to 14.3%. Antibiotic resistant coliform counts of raw sewage ranged from 1.3$\times$10$^{8}$ /ml to 3.9$\times$10$^3$/ml, those of the effluent decreased to $3.0{\times}10^1{\sim}2.3{\times}10^5/ml$.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.203-214
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• 1992

Livestock waste causes ground and surface water pollution, eutrophication of reservoir as well as adverse affects living environment of those who dwell nearby. In order to investigate the pollution load from livestock waste, physical and chemical characteristics of the waste were determinded in the survey of livestock farms. Once pollution load is obtained as a function of the origin units of livestock, the influence of livestock waste on the Daecheong reservoir was studied. 1. For Daecheong reservoir inflow area, the liverstock manure productions of beef cattle swine, dairy cattle and chicken were 1,135.6t/day, 480t/day, 241.3t/day, 48t/day respectively； Beef cattle was the mai or source of the pollution. Pollution loading productions due to the livestock waste around the were found to be 53.31t/day for BOD, 222.49t /day for COD, 261.99t/day for T-S, 9.64t/day for T-N, 6.54t/day for T-P 2. Bocheong stream turnd out to be the major contribution for pollution loading production to Daecheong reservoir with 10,748kg /day of BOD, 47,157kg /day of COD, 1,946kg /day of T-N, 1,271kg /day of T-p. 3. Actual pollution loadings from livestock wastes for the area of Daecheong reservoir were estimated as 1,997kg /day(BOD), 8,546kg /day(COD), 364kg /day(T-N), 243kg /day (T-P), respectively Therefore, advanced treatment for livestock waste is recommended for Daectleong reservoir inflow area to eliminate the nutrients which are major sources of eutrophication of the reservoir.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.86-92
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• 2004

Lab-scale experiments have been carried out to investigate ammonia stripping with a modified spray tower for removing ammonia nitrogen from swine wastewater. The operating conditions such as initial pH, temperature, air flow, hole size of distributor determining the diameter of water drops, and influent solids concentration were closely examined focusing on removal efficiency of ammonia. As a result of the experiment, in order to achieve high rate of ammonia removal by the air stripping system, the air flow rate must be supplied at high rate with sufficiently high initial pH, temperature. The optimum operating condition to meet the residual ammonia concentration of 300 mg/L was the initial pH of 11.0 at $35^{\circ}C$ with the air flow rate of 20 L/min. It also showed that the smaller hole size is, the higher removal rate of ammonia is expected. However, when used a small sized distributor (2 mm), the flooding problem at the upper column occurred due to clogging of the hole. With regard to the influent solids concentration, it was showed that the lower concentration of solids, the higher removal rate of ammonia. The removal of particulate materials in influent led to improve the removal efficiency of ammonia, rather than to control the operating condition including initial pH, temperature, and air flow. The empirical correlation between KLa and operating parameters would be driven as, $K_{La}=(0.0003T-0.0047){\cdot}G^{0.3926}{\cdot}L^{-0.5169}{\cdot}C^{-0. 1849}$. The calculated $K_{La}$ from proposed formula can be used effectively to estimate the optimum reaction time and to calculate the volume of modified spray tower system.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.600-606
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• 2007

Livestock wastewater containing concentrated organic matters and nutrients has been known as one of the major pollutants. It is difficult to apply the conventional activated sludge process to treat livestock wastewater because of high Non-biodegradable (NBD) matter and ammonia. The objectives of this study are to remove NBD matters including aromatic compounds and ammonia in livestock wastewater using Coagulation-Fenton oxidation-Zeolite (CFZ) processes and ascertain applicable feasibility in the field through pilot plant experiment. NBD matters and color remained in the treated water were removed over 92% by Fenton oxidation as the second treatment process. Ammonia was removed by over 99.5% in the zeolite ion exchange process as the last treatment method. From $UV_{254}$, $E_2/E_3$ ratio and GC/MS analyses of treated water at each process, the aromatic compound was converted to aliphatic and aromaticity was decreased. In pilot scale test, organics and ammonia removal efficiencies were not much different from the result of lab-scale test at various operation conditions. Furthermore, reaction time and dosage of Fenton reagent in pilot scale experiment reduced by 40 min and 50% rather than in lab-scale test. $BOD_5$, $COD_{Mn}$, SS, T-N and T-P of treated water in the pilot-scale experiment also met the effluent standards.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.54-61
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• 1998

This study was conducted in order to evaluate the treatment efficiencies of anaerobic packed and fluidized-bed biofilm and to investigate applicability in treating livestock wastewater. Biocarbonate alkalinity(BA) and volatile fatty acid(VFA) were about 3,230-3,270 mg/l, 3,790-3,126 mg/l(as CaCO$_3$) and 224-402 mg/l, 141-387 mg/l(as CH$_3$COOH), and VFA/BA ratio was about 0.069~0.12, 0.045-0.12 in packed and fluidized-bed biofilm. When COD loading rate was 6.0 kg COD/$m^3\cdot$ day in packed and fluidized-bed biofilm, methane gas production were 3.23 l/day and 4.38 l/day, respectively. In the same COD loading rate, methane gas production volumes per kg COD removal were 0.25 m$^3$ CH$_4$/kg COD$_{rm}$ and $0.28 m^3 CH_4/kg COD^{rm}$, respectively. At this time, it could be estimated that fluidized-bed biofilm was more high. In case of HRT 0.94 day(6.0 kg COD/$m^3\cdot$ day) and 11 day(0.5 kg COD/$m^3\cdot$ day), packed-bed biofilm showed 59% and 81% COD removal efficiency, respectively. While fluidized-bed biofilm showed 72% and 85% removal efficiency, respectively. It was showed that fluidized-bed biofilm was more efficient. Packed-bed biofilm was higher than fluidized in treatment efficiencies of organic matters, but required continuous treatment using combined system, because it was very exceeded over an environmental standard solidified from '96 year. In operating fluidized-bed biofilm, if farm house consider high power cost according to high circulation ratio in an economic point of view, it would have an effect that farm house use packed-bed biofilm as combined system in treating livestock wastewater.

• 한국농촌계획학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농촌계획학회 1996년도 정기총회 및 춘계 학술논문발표회
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• pp.17-20
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• 1996

지난 20여년 동안 급격한 도시화, 산업화를 추진하는 과정에서 대기와 물의 오염, 쓰레기 공해 등 자연환경의 훼손과 피폐화가 심각한 상태에 이르렀다. 또한, 과다한 농약. 비료의 투입과 농사료에 의한 축산으로 높은 농업 생산성을 이룩하였으나, 이로 인하여 토양오염과 하천과 지하수 수질오염, 식생, 곤충 등 생태계 파괴 등의 문제가 대두되고 있다. 최근, 수자원 함양, 수질 정화 등의 순기능으로 농업의 환경 기여 효과가 큰 것으로 발표되었다. 논으로 부터의 오염부하는 생활 오수나 공장폐수 등에 비하여 정성적으로는 미미한 것이 사실이며, 실제로 관개수로 유입되는 영양물질이 작물에 의하여 흡수되므로 물질 수지적 측면에서 수질정화 효과를 나타낸다는 개념이다. 그러나, 오염된 관개수와 함께 유입되는 물질과 영농 목적으로 투입되는 다량의 비료와 농약, 제초제 등의 독성 물질 등에 의한 생태 환경의 변화 등에 대한 영향 등에 관한 종합적 관점에서의 효과는 불분명한 것이 현실이다. 특히, 폭우시 농경지로부터 유출에 의한 토사유실과 영양 물질이 손실 등에 대한 정량적 평가가 부족하며, 이로 인한 유역에서의 수문, 수질, 생태환경 등을 정량적 분석이 부족한 것이 현실이다. 따라서, 농업유역에서의 수문과 물질순환과정을 정량적으로 분석하고, 이를 통하여 주요 오염원을 파악하고, 효과적인 조절방법 등을 위한 유역수질관리 기술개발과 함께, 경지와 주변 생태계에 미치는 영향 등을 극소화할 수 있는 종합적인 연구가 필요하다. 특히, 관개시설 등 농업기반조성사업에 따른 인위적인 수문환경으로 인한 농경지내에서의 수문.물질순환 기작의 변화 등을 고려한 수질 및 생태환경에 판한 종합적인 모니터링, 모델링 등의 접근이 필요한 것이다. 본 논문에서는 $.$95 농림수산특정연구 중 첨단연구과제로 추진 중인 농업생태환경 및 종합적 환경관리 시스템 개발연구의 목표와 내용, 범위 등을 소개하고, 농촌지역에서의 건전한 환경관리를 위한 유역관리기술 개발의 방향 등을 정리하도록 한다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.708-713
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the variations of hydrophilic and hydrophobic organic matter fractions in soluble organic matter according to livestock wastewater treatment by ionized gas and coagulation effect to these fractions after ionized gas contact. As a result of experiment, because of ionized gas contact, particle in the surface of livestock wastewater was more smaller and the result was consisted of particle size analysis and the amount of small size was increased. Also, we confirmed that organic matters in livestock wastewater by ionized gas contact were removed. The relation equation between ionized gas contact time(X) and $TCOD_{cr}$(Y) was shown as yscale(y)=3.748-0.431* xscale(X). That between ionized gas contact time(X) and $TCOD_{cr}$(Y) was yscale(y)=3.283-0.463* xscale(X). As respects the HPL(hydrophilic matter)and HPO(hydrophobic matter) fractions of raw in livestock wastewater treatment plant, HPL fraction was 53.2% and HPO fraction was 46.8%. But, HPO fraction according to ionized gas treatment was increased at 30min and after that time, HPL fraction was increased. Also, when we performed coagulation process after ionized gas treatment of raw wastewater, the removal efficiency of organic matter was the highest at 30min of ionized gas treatment because of the variation of HPL and HPO fractions in organic matter by ionized gas. In coagulation process following after ionized gas process, HPO was removed more effective than HPL.