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Kwon Young-Ah;Kim Jiyoun;Lee Seungho
- Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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- v.40 no.3 s.108
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- pp.285-295
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- 2005
This paper was examined distribution and changing trends on occurrence days of Spring Cold(cold surge in the flowering season) from the end of February to early in April during 1973-2004. We defined an occurrence day of Spring Colds as above $10\%$ of the anomalies of mean daily temperature or above $10\%$ of the difference of the daily mean temperature between the day before two days. In the west coastal region, the occurrence days of Spring Colds is higher in the end of February and less frequent in the early in April. In the east coastal region, the occurrence days of Spring Colds is higher in the early in April. Spring Colds is closely related with frequencies and a intensities of Siberian High. The occurrence days of Spring Colds has decreased in the most area except Ulleung island and the east coastal region.
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Lee, Yun-Mi
- 건강소식
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- v.36 no.2
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- pp.34-35
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- 2012
추워도 너무 춥다. 그렇다고 방안에서 이 겨울이 가기만을 기다릴 수는 없는 일. 지금의 추위를 즐기지 않으면 분명 이 추위가, 쌓이는 눈이 그리워진다. 하얀 눈도 볼 수 없을 때 마음껏 보고 마음껏 즐기자. 하얀 눈을 즐기기에 가장 좋은 곳은 누가 뭐래도 스키장이다.
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Lim, Beak-Vin;Lee, Sung-Pil
- Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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- v.14 no.3
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- pp.425-434
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- 2011
In the present study was to examine the influence of cold stress conditions on memory function in relation with 5-hydroxytryptamine(serotonin, 5-HT), trptophanhydroxylase(TPH) expression and cell proliferation in the hippocampus. For this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing $250{\pm}10g$ (7 weeks in age) were used. The rats were randomly divided into three groups(n = 10 in each group): the $22^{\circ}C$-control group, the $4^{\circ}C$-3 days group, the $4^{\circ}C$-5 weeks group. The environmental temperature at $22^{\circ}C$ set as the normal conditions, $4^{\circ}C$ was as the cold stress conditions. The present results showed that cold stress conditions shorten latency, representing cold stress disturbed memory function. 5-HT and TPH expressions in the dorsal raphe were increased cold stress. Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus was increased under cold conditions. The present study revealed that cold stress exerted deteriorative memory function. However, through increasing of 5-HT, TPH and BrdU expression under cold stress conditions did not show memory enhancing effect.
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Kim, Byeong-Jo;Lee, Dae-Taek
- Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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- v.9 no.1
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- pp.143-150
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- 2010
This study examined the effect of cold water finger immersion at various water temperature on cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) and its reproducibility to the cold stress. Ten healthy collegiate men ($21.4{\pm}2.5$ yrs, $175.8{\pm}4.1$ cm, $69.6{\pm}7.6$ kg, $11.2{\pm}3.7$ %fat) underwent two tests. At the first test (1ST), subjects immersed their middle fingers at $43^{\circ}C$ water for 5 min followed by a resting at an ambient air for 25 min. Then they immersed the finger at one of the five water temperatures (Tw: 5, 8, 11, 14, or $17^{\circ}C$) at random order for 20 min. Once a testing at one Tw was completed, they immediately repeated the testing procedure for another Tw. The second test(2ND) was performed within a week after 1ST with having an identical procedure of 1ST except the order of Tw. During the test, rectal temperature, finger temperature from middle finger nail bed, and heart rate were measured every six second. In conclusion, maximal finger temperature(Tfmax), and Tfmax minus Tw was highly reproducible in this experiment. Minimal finger temperature (Tfmin) and Tfmax were higher as Tw decreased. And Tfdiff was higher as the colds tress decreased. No differences were found in time variables of temperature responses.
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