• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 1994

This experiment was carried out in order to study the effect of organic fertilizer on the growth of Korean lawngrass (Zoysia matrella L. Merr.) and the change of soil chemical characteristics. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. Organic fertilizer was appropriate for base-dressing in the sod establishment of Korean lawngrass(Z. matrella L. Merr.) 2. Chlorophyll contents in mixed application plot of complex fertilizer(21-17-17) and organic fertilizer were more abundant than that in single application plot of organic fertilizer. 3. Application of organic fertilizer promotes the contents of available phosphorous in soil. 4. Dry weights of base-dressing and top-dressing plot had more weight about 40%, 12% than that of control plot, respectively. So base-dressing was more effective than top-dressing in the application of organic fertilizer.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2017

This research was conducted to investigate the influence of post-planting fertilizer concentrations on the growth of seedlings and changes of nutrient concentrations of media in tomato seedling production through sub-irrigation. Two root media such as peat moss (grade of 0 to 6 mm, PM06) plus perlite (grade of 1 to 2 mm (PE2)(7:3, v/v) and peat moss (grade of 5 to 15 mm, PM515) plus PE2 (7:3, v/v) were formulated and filled into 72-cell plug trays. After seeds of 'Dotaerang Dia' tomato were sown and germinated at $28^{\circ}C$, the trays were moved to greenhouse and seedlings were raised 35 days. When the cotyledons were emerged, post-planting fertilizers of 13-2-13, 15-0-15 and 20-9-20 ($N-P_2O_5-K_2O$) were applied in a sequence. The fertilizer concentrations based on N in each plug stage were differed with $25mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in three treatments. The fertilizer solutions were supplied when the weight of plug trays decreased to 40 to 50% compared to container capacity. The root media were collected in 1, 2, 4, and 5 weeks after sowing and were divided into top, middle, and bottom parts, then were analysed for pH, EC and macro-nutrient concentrations. The seedling growth was investigated 5 weeks after sowing. The pH and EC in PM06+PE2 was higher than those of PM515+PE2. The bottom and mid-part had higher pH and lower EC compared to upper part in each medium. The differences of EC between upper and bottom parts were around 2 times in each medium. The $NH_4-N$ and K concentrations in program 3 of PM06+PE2 showed the highest concentrations among all treatments. The $NO_3-N$ concentrations in PM06+PE2 increased gradually and this rising tendency become severe as post-planting fertilizer concentrations were elevated. The seedling growth in terms of fresh and dry weights was the highest in the treatment of program 2 in PM06+PE2 among all treatments tested. Above results indicate that the gradual increases of fertilizer concentrations from 25 to $125mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in plug stages 2, 3, and 4 plug stages are desirable for

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 2006

It is very important to improve fertilizer use efficiency for the saving of fertilizers and for environmental purposes as well. However, there was no effective ways for the fertilization in the mid of growth under the plastic film mulching cultivation so far. For this, a Band Spotty Fertilization (BSF) machine was developed recently. So, we tried to establish a low input fertilization technique using this BSF machine in the vinyl mulching cultivation of onion (Allium cepa L.). Fertilization efficiency, soil properties, and crop yield were examined and compared among treatments from 2000 to 2001. The content of exchangeable K in soils were higher after fertilization but that of available $P_2O_5$ was lower than before the experiment in all plots. The content of nitrate-N was highest at the early growth stage, and higher in BSF plots than that of conventional fertilization (CF). BSF plot showed higher growth rate, and uptake amount of nitrogen of onion by 59-69% than that of CF. N use efficiency in BSF was higher in the order of two time-split application, one time-split application, and three time application. K use efficiency was high 13-17% BSF plots than that in CF($63kg\;ha^{-1}$) plots. The amount of residual N in soils was high by 8-14% in BSF plots compared to that in CF plots, and the loss of N was lowered 26-34% by BSF. Also, the amount of residual K in soils was high by 13-18% and the loss of K was low by 29-31% in BSF plots compared to that in CF plots. The yield of onions increased by 7-13% by BSF due to increased diameter and weight of bulbs. As the results, N fertilization efficiency increased by 22-42% by BSF.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 1993

Relationships between crown diameter divided into the small$(0.3{\sim}0.5cm)$, the medium$(0.5{\sim}0.7cm)$ and the large seedling$(0.7{\sim}0.9cm)$ by the size of crown diameter of Angelica gigas and topdressed nitrogen level of 0, 50, 70 and 100% were conducted to study on growth and yield of two year-planted A. gigas in Suwon. The larger of the crown diameter, the better of the dry weight of leaf and root of A. gigas. Growth of the plane was rapidly increased on June and August, but slowly increased on July and that of root was increased until October while decreasing the aerial stem growth from September. Lower top dressed nitrogen level in the larger seeding was greatly increased the bolting rate compared to the medium or small seedlings. Yields of dried root weight per 10a were 441kg for the large, 373kg for the medium, and 378kg for the small seedling, and weight of the higher nitrogen per 10a were more increased than that of the lower dressed nitrogen treatment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.159-168
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• 2003

This pot experiment was conducted in order to find out the effects of boron application($B_{0}$ /; control, $B_1$; 0.2, $B_2$; 2.0,$ B_3$; 6.0, $B_4$; 15.0 B me/pot) on the forage performance of pure and mixed cultures of orchardgrass and white clover. The 2nd part was concerned with the changes in the forage yields and concurrence index. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The optimum boron application($B_2$) generally resulted in the increase of both forage yields, but the effects of boron application on them were different according to the forage species, whether it was a pure or mixed cultures, additional fertilization, and cutting order. The effects of boron application on the forage productivity were more obvious in white clover than in orchardgrass. 2. Owing to the decline of white clover as affected by the application of additional fertilizers, especially N, in the grass-clover mixed cultures, the effects of boron application on the white clover yields showed a numerical inferiority compared with the pure culture. It was recognized that the yield increase and botanical composition of white clover in grass-clover mixed cultures could be regulated by the application of additional fertilizers and boron. 3. The toxic boron application($B_3$ and $B_4$) resulted in a decreased yield of both forages. The yield change of orchardgrass tended to be similar between pure and mixed cultures, whereas it of white clover tended to be more negative in mixed than in pure cultures. 4. With the application of additional fertilizers, especially N, the botanical composition and concurrence index in grass-clover mixed cultures were relatively increased in orchardgrass, and decreased in white clover. The botanical composition of orchardgrass increased from 55% to 75%, whereas it of white clover decreased from 45% in the first half cutting to 25% in the second half cutting, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.169-176
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• 2013

Preharvest sprouting seriously reduces milling and baking quality of hard winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain. To determine the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on decreasing of preharvest sprouting, several levels of N-fertilization were conducted in two winter wheat cv. Keumkang and Jokyung, grown in Iksan. Nitrogen fertilization is used to increase grain yield and protein content. Grain yield increased at 108kg/ha (50% increased nitrogen to the standard) application and decreased as more nitrogen was applied. There was a linear increase in grain protein contents with increasing level of nitrogen application. Germination rate, germination index and ABA sensitivity were gradually reduced by increasing of nitrogen application level. Preharvest sprouting showed a significantly correlation to germination rate but could not be correlated to protein content and falling number. A significant positive correlation was detected between preharvest sprouting and different additional nitrogen fertilizer levels.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.50-50
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• 2018

최근 생태 조경용 관상식물의 수요가 증가함에 따라, 환경적응성이 강하며 관상용으로 가치가 있는 자생식물들을 개발하기 위한 노력이 증가하고 있다. 둥근산꼬리풀(Veronica rotunda Nakai)은 화기가 길며, 꽃이 만개하였을 때 관상가치가 높아 정원의 지피식물 및 실내 분화식물로 이용 가치가 높다. 본 연구는 둥근산꼬리풀의 육묘기술을 개발하기 위하여 2018년 5월 8일에서 6월 30일까지 약 8주간 시행되었다. 본 연구의 공통사항은 200구 트레이에 원예상토를 충진한 후 셀당 4립씩 종자를 파종하였다. 이후 무차광 조건에서 육묘하였으며, 추비는 hyponex $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$를 잎이 충분히 젖도록 2, 4주차에 엽면시비 하였다. 파종 용기별 실험은 162, 200, 288구 트레이를 사용하였고, 파종립수별 생육을 알아보기 위하여 200구 트레이에 셀 당 1, 2, 4 및 6립을 파종하였다. 토양종류는 원예상토, 피트모스:펄라이트(3:1, 4:1)의 혼용토를 육묘에 이용하였다. 각 혼용토의 비료 농도는 한아름상토(N:P:K, $300-200-200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$)를 기준으로 0, 100 및 200%로 조성하였다. 추비는 hyponex (6.5-6-19)를 물에 희석하여 0, 500, 및 $1000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$로 파종 후 2, 4주차 총 2회 잎이 충분히 젖을 정도로 엽면시비 하였으며, 차광실험은 0, 55 및 75% 차광막이 설치된 곳에 재배하였다. 8주간 육묘 실험을 수행한 결과, 파종 용기별로는 162구 트레이에서 생육한 유묘에서 각 측정 항목별로 유의적으로 양호한 결과가 나타났다. 셀 당 파종립수 별로는 1립 파종구에서 가장 우수한 유묘의 생장을 보였으며, 파종립수가 증가할수록 생육이 감소하는 경향이 나타났다. 토양조성을 달리하였을 때 원예상토 단용 처리에서 가장 생육이 우수하였고, 피트모스가 혼합된 토양에서는 생육이 저조한 경향을 보였다. Hyponex의 농도를 달리하여 추비하였을 때 $1000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$에서 유묘의 생육이 가장 양호하였으며, 추비농도가 감소할수록 생육이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 차광정도에 따른 생육을 관찰한 결과 55% 차광에서 생육이 가장 우수하였고, 75% 차광의 경우에는 무차광 처리구에 비해 생육이 감소하는 경향이었다. 따라서 각 처리별 결과를 토대로 둥근산꼬리풀을 육묘시 162구 트레이에 원예상토를 충진한 후 셀 당 1립 파종하여, 55% 차광에서 재배하며, 추비는 Hyponex $1000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$를 잎이 충분히 젖을 정도로 엽면시비하는 것이 가장 효과적일 것으로 생각된다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.267-274
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• 1984

This experiment was carried out to investigate the stomatal aperture of wheat variety 'Chokwang' grown in the two different nitrogen level. Stomatal aperture was measured at the maximal tillering, shooting, booting, flowering and grain filling stages. Stomatal aperture in leaf blades gradually increased in accordance with the successive leaf growth. The maximal opening of stomata was observed at flowering stage and around noon in a day, but stomata closed around six o'clock in the afternoon. Stomata opened wider in the high nitrogen application than in the low nitrogen and their effects were the highest at the booting and flowering stage. Diurnal course at stomatal aperture of upper leaves was wider than that of lower leaves regardless of growth stages. Positive correlation (r=0.66$^{**}$) appeared between nitrogen content in leaf blades and stomatal aperture. The leaves of low position and the developing leaves showed smaller stomatal aperture than the full expanded top leaves irrespective of leaf stages. Water content of leaf, root weight and root activity were increased by the nitrogen application and thus considered as factors increase the stomatal aperture.ication and thus considered as factors increase the stomatal aperture.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2022

Elsholtzia byeonsanensis is a Korean native plant of the Lamiaceae family, and was first introduced in the Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy. This plant has a short plant length of 20-35 cm, with leathery and glossy leaves. The purple flowers bloom in November, so they are highly useful as potted or ground cover ornamental plants. In this study, tray cell size (128, 162, and 200-cell trays), soil composition [horticultural soil (HS): decomposed granite (DG) 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 (v:v)], seeding rate (1, 2, and 3 seeds per cell) and additional fertilizer concentrations (0, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/L Hyponex) were tested to find out the optimum seedling growth conditions. As a result of the study, E. byeonsanensis growth increased proportionally as the cell size of the tray increased. The growth was inhibited as the percentage of DG increased. As for the growth according to the seeding rate, plant height, plant width, leaf length, and leaf width decreased as the seeding rate increased, but there was no difference in the number of leaves, stem diameter, and root length. There was an increasing trend in seedling growth as the additional fertilizer concentration increased. Therefore, for producing E. byeonsanensis seedling, it is most effective to fill HS or HS:DG 1:1 in 128-cell trays, sow one seed per cell, and spray the seedling at 1000 mg/L for additional fertilizer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.108-108
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• 2020