• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.131-138
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• 2013

Purpose: This study aimed to study the antibody response of Japanese encephalitis vaccination in children using different kinds of vaccines (inactivated vaccine, live attenuated vaccine or interchanged) and evaluate the effectiveness of the vaccines to provide the basis of efficient immunization schedule of Japanese encephalitis. Methods: Measurement of the neutralization antibody (NTAb) titers following Japanese encephalitis vaccination using different vaccines for 170 children, 2-6 year of age, who visited six university hospitals and are confirmed by immunization records. Results: Among 170 children who were given primary immunization on Japanese encephalitis, 103 children were given inactivated vaccine, 64 children were given live attenuated vaccine and 3 children were given interchangeably. NTAb titers were more than 1:10 in all children of three groups. The geographic mean antibody titer was 322 in inactivated vaccine group and 266 in live attenuated vaccine group. However, there was no significant difference between two groups. In both groups, the NTAb titer showed the peak at 1-4 months after the third immunization and declined. The NTAb titers of three children who were given two kinds of vaccines alternately were 1:135, 1:632, and 1:2511, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of this study in children younger than 6 years old, there is no significant difference in effectiveness between inactivated and live attenuated vaccines. However, further studies for the changes of antibody titers for a longer period of time on larger population are required.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 2010

Purpose : Recently, we have noticed an increase in the number of patients with mumps in Incheon, Korea. The aim of this study is to estimate the regional trend in mumps incidence and to evaluate the factors related to the recent increase. Methods : We reviewed the medical records of 66 patients with mumps who had been admitted to Incheon St. Mary's Hospital from July 1999 to June 2009. We compared the differences in records between "outbreak, 2009" and "nonoutbreak, 2000-2008." Results : Of the 66 patients, 35 (53%) were admitted in 2009, and 31 (47%) were admitted between 2000 and 2008. Most of the patients admitted during the outbreak were over 15 years of age (80.0%), were born before 1993 (77.1%), and had received a single dose of mumps vaccine (62.9%). There were no significant differences in contact history, present address, clinical manifestations, and complications, except for orchitis, between the two groups. Conclusion : There was a sharp increase in the number of inpatients with mumps who were born before 1993 and who were over 15 years of age. We recommend that a booster vaccination be considered for adolescents and young adults born before 1993 who are susceptible to mumps infection due to their reduced opportunities for receiving two doses of mumps vaccine.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.355-362
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• 2007

Purpose : We conducted the study to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of three component DTaP vaccine ($Infanrix^{(R)}$) in a group of Korean healthy infants on a three-dose primary vaccination. And we compared the immunogenicity of this DTaP vaccine with two component DTaP vaccine which has been widely used in Korea. Methods : We enrolled one hundred fifty one healthy infants aged 8-9 weeks. These infants were vaccinated at age 2, 4 and 6 months of age with three component DTaP vaccine. Solicited adverse events were actively monitored for 72 hours following each vaccination, and all adverse events after each vaccination were observed for three weeks. Anti-diphtheria toxoid Ab., anti-tetanus toxoid Ab., anti-pertussis toxin Ab., anti-filamentous hemagglutinin Ab., and anti-pertactin Ab. were measured using ELISA for assessing immunogenicity of study vaccine in 60 infants. Immunogenicity analysis of two component DTaP vaccine was performed with same methods in 14 infants as control. Results : The seroconversion rates of anti-diphtheria toxoid Ab, anti-tetanus toxoid Ab. anti-filamentous hemagglutinin Ab. were 100% in both group. Seroconversion rate of anti-pertactin Ab in study group was 100%, but the rate in control group was 50%. However, geometric mean concentration of anti-pertussis toxin Ab. was higher in control group. Mild local and systemic reactions were observed within three days after vaccination, and no serious adverse events related study vaccine were happened during study period. Conclusion : Our study results suggest that three component DTaP vaccine ($Infanrix^{(R)}$) is a well-tolerable and high immunogenic vaccine, especially anti-Pertactin Ab. of the study vaccine is very immunogenic. It can be available as routine DTaP vaccination in our infants.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.331-337
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• 2012

Citrus melanose is one of important disease in citrus cultivation, reducing quality of citrus fruits and resulting in economic loss. Like other diseases in citrus, melanose was mainly protected by chemical fungicide in the field. Recently, alternative method of disease control is highly required due to the side effect of the chemicals. In this study four rhizobacterial strains TRH423-3, MRL408-3, THJ609-3, and TRH415-2 are selected by dual-culture testing its antifungal activity against Diaporthe citri causing citrus melanose. To investigate the protection efficacy of the selected rhizobacterial strains to citrus melanose, the bacteria were pre-treated on citrus leaves following inoculation with melanose pathogen. Pre-treatment with all selected rhizobacterial strains showed disease suppression in which the levels of protection rates were different by the rhizobacterial strains. Additional treatment with the rhizobacterial strains after the pathogen inoculation enhanced protection rates in all cases. The strain MRL408-3 and TRH423-3 were identified as Burkholderia gladioli, TRH415-2 as Pseudomons fluorescens and THJ609-3 as Pseudomonas pudia as a result of analyzing the internal transcript spaces of the rhizobacterial strains rDNA. The selected rhizobacterial strains may be valuable as biological control agents in the environment-friendly citrus farm in which chemical application is limited.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.802-809
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• 2010

Phytophthora blight of pepper is the most economically important disease in the world cultivation regions. We investigated the phytophthora blight resistance of 300 accessions of Korean landrace of hot pepper germplasms collected from 83 local regions. The disease incidence rate was checked from 7 days to 28 days at an interval of 7 days after inoculation under greenhouse conditions. Among 300 accessions, the disease incidence rate of phytophthora blight of 67 accessions of pepper germplasm was more than 60.1%, while no disease was observed in 37 accessions at 7 days after inoculation. At 28 days after inoculation, five and eleven accessions of pepper germplasm were resistance and moderate resistance to $P.$ $capsici$, respectively. Two hundred forty four susceptible accessions (81.3%) of pepper were scored as having more than 60.1% of disease incidence of phytophthora blight. This result suggests that five candidate pepper germplasm might be used as breeding resources for the phytophthora blight resistance breeding program. Also, further genetic studies should be carried out to verify this result, with the overall focus of providing information on important characteristics of pepper germplasm.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.457-469
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• 2009

Applicability of bioleaching techniques using a sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, for remediation of shooting range soil contaminated with toxic heavy metals was investigated. The effects of sulfur concentration, the amount of bacterial inoculum and operation temperature on the efficiency of heavy metal solubilization were examined as well. As sulfur concentration and the amount of bacterial inoculum increased, the solubilization efficiency slightly increased; however, significant decrease of heavy metal extraction was observed with no addition of sulfur or bacterial inoculum. Bacteria solubilized the higher amount of heavy metals at $26^{\circ}C$ than $4^{\circ}C$. Lead showed the highest removal amount from the contaminated soil but the lowest removal efficiency when compared with Zn, Cu and Cr. It was likely due to formation of insoluble $PbSO_{4(s)}$ as precipitate or colloidal suspension. Sequential extraction of the microbially treated soil revealed that the proportion of readily extractable phases of Zn, Cu and Cr increased by bacterial leaching, and thus additional treatment or optimization of operation conditions such as leaching time were required for safe reuse of the soil. Bioleaching appeared to be a useful strategy for remediation of shooting range soil contaminated with heavy metals, and various operating conditions including concentration of sulfur input, inoculum volume of bacteria, and operation temperature exerted significant influence on bioleaching efficiency.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 2001

The objective of this research was to develop a screening system for selection of grape downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola)-resistant grape cultivars or seedlings under greenhouse condition. Inoculum concentrations ranging from $10^4$ to $10^5spores/mL$ for screening of resistance were evaluated and $5{\times}10^4spores/mL$ was optimum. Of the tested 14 grape cultivars, Campbell Early and Niagara were resistant to grape downy mildew, Sheridan and Cheongsoo were moderate resistant, while Kaiji, Red Queen and Ruby Okuyama were susceptible under both greenhouse and field conditions. Vitis vinifera grape cultivars were more susceptible to grape downy mildew than V. vinifera-labrusca hybrids and V. vinifera-labrusca-aestivalis hybrids. In V. vinifera-labrusca hybrids, tetraploid grape cultivars were more susceptible than diploid culivars. The evaluated results of grape downy mildew resistance under greenhouse condition were in accordance with those of field condition. Results of this study indicated that both greenhouse and field procedures could be used to screen grape cultivars and seedlings for downy mildew resistance.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.81-81
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• 2018

곤달비는 국화과에 속하는 대표 산채로 쌈용으로 많이 소비되고 있다 곤달비를 경관농업의 소재로 6차산업화하기 위한 친환경 생산기술을 개발코자 하였다 곤달비의 재배 중 흰가루병 발생은 가장 큰 문제로 자생식물과의 혼식을 통해 병의 진행 억제효과를 구명코자 하였다 천궁과 당귀를 곤달비와 함께 인공상토로 채운 화분에 1주씩 혼식하였고 곤달비만 심은 대조구를 두었다 흰가루병 접종은 포자를 곤달비에 발생시킨 후 접종하였다 약 7일의 흰가루병 발생기를 거친 후 6월 4일~6월 21일까지 2~3일 간격으로 진행률을 조사하였다 조사결과는 병의 진행률을 계량하기 위해 효율적인 AUDPC(Area Under the Disease Pogress Curve) 방법을 적용하여 분석하였다 천궁 당귀와 혼식한 결과는 곤달비의 흰가루병은 동시에 발생하였다 곤달비만 심은 대조구는 병 발생 후 5일 간 가파르게 증가하였으나 천궁과 당귀와 혼식 처리구는 완만한 증가세를 보였다 6월 21일의 AUDPC 수치와 비율은 대조구가 602.3(1.00), 천궁 혼식구가 265.8(0.53), 당귀 혼식구는 226.1(0.45)로 혼식구가 대조구에 비해 50% 이하의 진행률을 나타냈다 통계처리 결과 대조구와 혼식구 간 1%의 유의성을 나타냈다 당귀가 가장 높은 억제율을 보였으며 이러한 원인에 대한 추가 분석이 요구된다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.239-244
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• 1999

Purpose : In 1998, there was an outbreak of mumps in Taejon, Korea. We analyzed the monthly incidence, clinical manifestations, and complications during the outbreak and the annual incidence of the recent ten years. Methods : We reviewed the clinical records of 35 mumps patients who had been admitted to Taejon St. Mary's Hospital from January to December, 1998. Results : Mumps was prevalent in summer(from June to August) with 20 cases(57%). Thirthy-three patients(94.3%) received MMR at 15 months of age and no patients received a booster mumps vaccine. The mean age of the mumps patients was 10.5 years-old and the majority of mumps(71%) occurred between 5 and 12 year of age. The male female ratio was 2.2 : 1. The clinical manifestations were swelling of parotid gland(100%), fever (91%), vomiting(77%), abdominal pain(74%) and headache(66%) in order of frequency. Meningitis occurred in 20 cases(57%) and the mean WBC count of CSF was $464{\pm}263/mm^3$. In serology, the mean serum amylase level was $483{\pm}294IU/dL$ and anti-mumps IgM and IgG were positive in 11 and 15 out of 18 cases, respectively. From 1989 to 1997, the mean number of inpatients with mumps was 3.4 per year. Conclusion : We experienced an outbreak of mumps in 1998. It is suggested that there was a primary mumps vaccine failure in Korea and that further studies for vaccine faiure and method of booster mumps vaccine are necessary.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.88-93
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• 2007

The purpose of the study reported here was to test the hypotheses that clinically healthy dogs will not manifest immediate hypersensitivity responses to intradermal injection of Malassezia pachydermatis extracts but that affected dogs with Malassesia otitis will manifest such hypersensitivity. Wd desired to identify approximate molecular mass of any allergenic components of the yeast by use of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The protein profile of Malassezia pachydermatis extracts showed between 16 and 110 kDa. Especially, the intensity was strongest between 25 and 80 kDa. Mean wheal diameters in the affected groups of 20, 2, 0.2, and $0.02{\mu}g/ml$ were $13.36{\pm}0.67,\;5.33{\pm}0.67,\;5.47{\pm}0.82,\;and\;5.07{\pm}0.64$, respectively. Mean wheal thickness in the affected groups of 20, 2, 0.2, and $0.02{\mu}g/ml$ was $6.44{\pm}0.40,\;3.86{\pm}0.35,\;2.64{\pm}0.36,\;and\;2.60{\pm}0.44$, respectively. The difference of wheal diameters and thickness between healthy and affected groups was significant (p<0.05). In conclusion, the observations confirm that Malassezia pachydermatis-derived antigens may induce an immediate wheal response when intradermal injected in dogs. It seems reasonable to suggest that hypersensitivity to yeast may contribute to the development of clinical signs in dogs with immediate skin test reactivity, especially in dogs with Malassezia otitis extema.