• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.43-43
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• 2022

유해 조류 대발생은 전국 각지의 인공호소나 하천에서 다발적으로 발생하며, 경관을 해치고 수질을 오염시키는 등 수자원에 부정적인 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 인공호소에서 발생하는 유해 조류 대발생을 예측하기 위해 심층학습 기법을 이용하여 예측 모델을 개발하고자 하였다. 대상 지점은 대청호의 추동 지점으로 선정하였다. 대청호는 금강유역 중류에 위치한 댐으로, 약 150만명에 달하는 급수 인구수를 유지 중이기에 유해 남조 대발생 관리가 매우 중요한 장소이다. 학습용 데이터 구축은 대청호의 2011년 1월부터 2019년 12월까지 측정된 수질, 기상, 수문 자료를 입력 자료를 이용하였다. 수질 예측 모델의 구조는 다중 레이어 퍼셉트론(Multiple Layer Perceptron; MLP)으로, 입력과 한 개 이상의 은닉층, 그리고 출력층으로 구성된 인공신경망이다. 본 연구에서는 인공신경망의 은닉층 개수(1~3개)와 각각의 레이어에 적용되는 은닉 노드 개수(11~30개), 활성함수 5종(Linear, sigmoid, hyperbolic tangent, Rectified Linear Unit, Exponential Linear Unit)을 각각 하이퍼파라미터로 정하고, 모델의 성능을 최대로 발휘할 수 있는 조건을 찾고자 하였다. 하이퍼파라미터 최적화 도구는 Tensorflow에서 배포하는 Keras Tuner를 사용하였다. 모델은 총 3000 학습 epoch 가 진행되는 동안 최적의 가중치를 계산하도록 설계하였고, 이 결과를 매 반복마다 저장장치에 기록하였다. 모델 성능의 타당성은 예측과 실측 데이터 간의 상관관계를 R2, NSE, RMSE를 통해 산출하여 검증하였다. 모델 최적화 결과, 적합한 하이퍼파라미터는 최적화 횟수 총 300회에서 256 번째 반복 결과인 은닉층 개수 3개, 은닉 노드 수 각각 25개, 22개, 14개가 가장 적합하였고, 이에 따른 활성함수는 ELU, ReLU, Hyperbolic tangent, Linear 순서대로 사용되었다. 최적화된 하이퍼파라미터를 이용하여 모델 학습 및 검증을 수행한 결과, R2는 학습 0.68, 검증 0.61이었고 NSE는 학습 0.85, 검증 0.81, RMSE는 학습 0.82, 검증 0.92로 나타났다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.111-129
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• 1970

As a series of studies on the nucleic acids and their related substances 210 samples were collected from 76 places such as farm soil, compost of heap, nuruk and meju to obtain microbial strains which produce 5'-phosphodiesterase. From these samples total of 758 strains were isolated by the use of dilution pour plate method. For all isolated strains primary screening of the productivity of RNA depolymerase was performed and useful strains with regard to 5'-phosphodiesterase productivities were identified. For these useful strains optimum condition, the effect of various compounds on the activity of 5'-phosphodiesterase, and the optimum condition for enzyme reaction were discussed. The quantitative of 5'-mononucleotides produced by the action of 5'-phosphodiesterase was performed using anion-exchange column chromatography and their identified was done by paper chromatography, thinlayer chromatography, ultra violet spectrophotometry, and characteristic color reaction using carbazole and schiff's reagent. (1) Penicillium citreo-viride PO 2-11 and Streptomyces aureus SOA 4-21 from soil were identified as a potent 5'-phosphodiesterase producing strains. (2) Optimum culture conditions for Penicillium citreo-viride PO 2-11 strain isolated were found to be pH 5.0 and $30^{\circ}C$, and the optimum conditions for enzyme action of 5'-phosphodiesterase were pH 4.2 and $60^{\circ}C$. Best carbon source for the production of 5'-phosphodiesterase was found to be sucrose and ammonium nitrate for nitrogen source. Addition of 0.01% corn steep liquor or yeast extract exhibited 20% increase in the amount of 5'-phosphodiesterase production compared to the control. 5'-phosphodiesterase produced by this strain was activated by $Mg^{++},\;Ca^{++},\;Zn^{++},\;Mn^{++}$ and was inhibited by EDTA, citrate, $Cu^{++},\;CO^{++}$. 5'-phosphodiesterase produced 5'-mononucleotide from RNA at a rate of 65.81%, and among the 5'-mononucleotides accumulated 5'-GMP only was found to have flavorous and the strain was also found lack of 5'-AMP deaminase. Productivity of flavorous 5'-GMP was found to be 186.7mg per gram of RNA. (3) Optimum culture canditions for the isolated Streptomyces aureus SOA 4-21 strain were pH 7.0 and $28^{\circ}C$, and the optimum conditions for the action of 5'-phosphodiesterase were pH 7.3 and $50^{\circ}C$. The best carbon source for 5'-phosphodiesterase production was found to be glucose and that of nitrogen was asparagine. Addition of 0.01% yeast extract exhibited increased productivity of 5'-phosphodiesterase by 40% compared to the non-added control. 5'-phosphodiesterase produced by this strain was activated by $Ca^{++},\;Zn^{++},\;Mn^{++}$ and was inhibited by citrate, EDTA, $Cu^{++}$. It was also found that the strain produce 5'-AMP deaminase in addition to 5'-phosphodiesterase. For this reason although decomposition rate was 63.58% the accumulation of 5'-AMP, 5'-CMP, 5'-GMP and 5'-UMP occurred by the breakdown of RNA. In the course of these reaction 5'-AMP deaminase converted 60% of 5'-AMP thus produced into 5'-IMP and flavorous 5'-mono nucleotide production was significantly increased by this strain over the above mentioned one. Production rates were found to be 171.8mg per grain of RNA for 5'-IMP and 148.2mg per gram of RNA for 5'-GMP, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.83-94
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• 2015

Recently, the necessity of spatial data in unaccessible area was challenged to set up various plans and policies for preparing the unification and the cooperative projects between South-North Korea. Therefore, this paper planned to evaluate the possibility of adopting the error tolerance in Geometric correction for 1/5,000 digital topographic mapping, using the PLEIADES images and the TerraSAR GCPs (Ground Control Points). The geometric correction was performed by changing the number and placement of GCPs by GPS (Global Positioning System) surveying, as the optimal placement of 5 GCPs were selected considering the geometric stability and steady rate. The positional accuracy evaluated by the TerraSAR GCPs, which were selected by optimal placement of GCPs. The RMSE in control points were X=±0.64m, Y=±0.46m, Z=±0.28m. While the result of geometric correction for PLEIADES images confirmed that the RMSE in control points were X=±0.34m, Y=±0.27m, Z=±0.11m, the RMSE in check points were X=±0.50m, Y=±0.30m, Z=±0.66m. Through this study, we believe if spatial data can integrate with the PLEIADES images and the optimal TerraSAR GCPs, it will be able to obtain the high-precision spatial data for adopting the regulation of 1/5,000 digital topographic map, which adjusts the computation as well as the error bound.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.609-616
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• 2017

National Geographic Information Institute has established a plan that preoccupies UCPs (Unified Control Points) at 2~3km intervals in urban areas by considering the distance between existing UCPs by satellite images and aerial photographs in 2015. In this study, we discussed the method of selecting the locations of optimal UCPs by simulating GPS reception environment in candidate sites for UCPs using GIS. For this purpose, we selected new candidate sites for installing UCPs using satellite images and aerial photographs, and analyzed the GPS reception environment by calculating the visibility distance from buildings around UCPs using GIS skyline analysis. The number of and the arrangement of visible satellites that are capable of GPS satellite reception from the viewpoint of sky view were showed by GIS skyline analysis. Quality evaluation results of GPS observation data were compared with average PDOP calculated from hourly PDOP and TEQC in two points of Sungkyunkwan University during 8 hours. As a result of GPS reception environment using GIS, if the PDOP increases, the data acquisition rate is lowed, and the multipath error and the cycle slip are increased. Thus, this study verified that the quality of GPS observation data can be secured by constructing three-dimensional spatial information and simulating PDOP when preoccupying multiple UCPs using GIS.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.1169-1186
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• 2012

Storage function method has been used for flood forecasting in the major rivers in Korea, however, the researches on the relationship between the parameters and runoff characteristics was not sufficient. In addition, there has been a controversy about the optimized parameters without the consideration of the physical characteristics of the basin. Therefore, in this study, the SCE-UA method is used to optimize the parameters and the proposed method was applied with two stage optimization in the Jeongseon and Yeongwol watersheds located in the most upstream in the South Han river. The contour map was developed to investigate parameters and the error surface calculated from the runoff. The proposed parameters is to provide a range of the possible parameter set in a watershed, rather than a specific value. However, the applicability is examined using the average value of the proposed ranged parameters. In this study, the criticism about the optimization technique to find an optimal value having no physical meaning on a watershed is tried to avoid. The objective of this study is to provide a range of parameters for the flood forecasting model and the intuition about the behavior of the parameters, so the efficiency of flood forecasting is increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.185-191
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• 2012

Most of Korean farms have been developed in the semi-closed bay, and its position is very vulnerable to the coastal contamination due to the long term and the high density. So, mariculture management is very essential for the sustainable aquaculture. Some of the specific ways would be the assessment of the optimal stocking density for mariculture management zone and this has to consider both the suitable site selection and the assessment of ecological carrying capacity. Habitat suitability index(0.0 totally unsuitable habitat, 1.0 optimum habitat) and ecological indicator(Filtration pressure indicator) was used to assess the stocking density for oyster farms in Geoje-Hansan Bay. Geoje Bay showed the higher habitat suitability index value 0.75 than Hansan Bay 0.53, indicating that Geoje Bay is more suitable for oyster farming. Ecological indicator showed different stocking density according to the coastal characteristics in Geoje-Hansan Bay. Consequently, it is desirable that the stocking density in Geoje Bay should reduce average 40% and Hansan Bay, average 60% than present, in order to meet the ecological carrying capacity. The assessment of the stocking density could solve various problems such as the coastal contamination, environmental aggravation and the productivity decrease and this study could be a scientific basis to establish the policies for mariculture management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.723-730
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• 2016

Domestic Manila clam production has been reduced due to coastline changes and environmental degradation, but aquaculture industry is facing difficulties caused by an increase in imports. It is important to recognize the integral habitat environment in order to do sustainable aquaculture. The habitat environment of Manila clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) is closely related to the productivity of aquaculture farms. This study investigated 3 indexes, survival (sediment type, hydrodynamic), growth (Chlorophyll a, DIN, DIP) and environment (water temperature, dissolved oxygen, sediment chemical oxygen demand, ignition loss) as indicators of habitat characteristics for a tidal flat farm in Geunso Bay (Pado and Beopsan) from June 2015 to May 2016. As a result, Pado (maximums.; sand 48.76 %, hydrodynamic 10.59 cm/s, Chlorophyll a 12.70 ug/L, exposure time 3 hours, DO 18.65 mg/L) had a higher sand content, faster current speed, more abundant nutrients and DO, providing more favorable conditions for Manila clams than Beopsan (maximums.; sand 37.40 %, hydrodynamic 6.02 cm/s, Chlorophyll a 6.41 ug/L, exposure time 7 hour, DO 14.81 mg/L). In fact, Pado showed a higher density than Beopsan. This study considered the habitat environments of Pado and Beopsan to provide a basis for optimal management practices and potential suitable sites in Geunso bay.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.581-590
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• 2017

For effective improvement of water quality in Seokmun reservoir, this study implemented various analyses including the tributary water quality and flowrate monitoring, contamination of sediment, investigation of pollution source, selection of priority management target tributary by stream grouping method. The COD concentration of the majority of tributaries in Seokmun reservoir watershed was relatively higher than BOD concentration. The concentration of water pollutants regardless of water quality parameters in Yeokcheon, Dangjincheon, Sigokcheon, Baekseokcheon, small stream in Jinkwanri and Janghangri were higher than the other tributaries. The pollution sources in the Seokmun reservoir watershed were mostly distributed in the population, livestock, and industry. The pollutants, which located in Yeokcheon, Dangjincheon, Baekseokcheon, and small stream in Janghangri selected as priority management target tributary, should be preferentially reduced for improving the water quality in Seokmun reservoir. As the evaluation results of water quality in Seokmun reservoir for the effect of water quality improvement according to various scenarios using water quality model, it was found that the water quality in Seokmun reservoir due to the construction of a wastewater treatment plant for management of pollutants in the watershed would be satisfied the class V of water environment standard in reservoir.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2011

The substantial effort is required to make a virtual character smoothly move like a human being in the virtual environment. Since a virtual character acts on the basis of the actions, it is the most critical to define actions for smooth flow of action. It has been actively studied the programming by demonstration which defines series of actions to be performed by a virtual character based on the actions operated by a person. However, such approaches can't easily draw many sequential actions because they create sequential actions in the same length all the time or restrict the actions used to create such actions. For smooth flow of action, it is required to derive sequential actions as much as possible from the actions of a virtual character and to select the representative set of actions. Accordingly, it is necessary to study how to create sequential actions as reducing diverse limits. This study suggests the approach to select sequential actions suitable for a virtual character by collecting the actions of a character manipulated by a person and deriving a set of actions to be performed by a virtual character. The experiment describes the process to create the actions by applying the approach suggested in this study to the driving game. In accordance with the analysis results, it was found that a set of actions performed by a person was generated without being restricted by a length or a part to divide. Finally, we confirmed that the suggested method selects the best sequential actions, appropriate to virtual character, among more generated actions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.884-891
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• 2016

A secondary injection system in a diesel engine has benefits: it can be controlled independently without interrupting engine control, it can be adapted to various layouts for exhaust systems, and it pose no reductant dilution problems compared to post injection systems in the combustion chamber or other supplemental reductant injections. In a secondary injection system, the efficiency of the catalyst depends on the method of reducing the supply. The reductant needs to be maintained and optimized with constant pressure, the positions and angles of injector is a very important factor. The concentration and amount of reductant can be changed by adjusting secondary injection conditions. However, secondary injection is highly dependent upon the type of injector, injection pressure, atomization, spray technology, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to establish injection conditions the spray characteristics must be well-understood, such as spray penetration, sauter mean diameter, spray angle, injection quantity, etc. Uniform distribution of the reductant corresponding to the maximum NOx reduction in the DeNOx catalyst system must also assured. With this goal in mind, the spray characteristics and impingement plate types of a secondary injector were analyzed using visualization and digital image processing techniques.