• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.87-97
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• 2020

This experiment was carried out to study the effects of different environmental conditions and cultivation techniques on productivity of grasslands in central and southern area of Korea on 2017 and 2018. Average dry matter yield of grasslands at 10 actual production sites was 7,496 kg/ha. that was ranged from 4,652 to 13,292 kg/ha with least significant difference(LSD) of 1,577kg/ha between grasslands (p<0.05) on 2017. Average dry matter yield of grasslands at 10 actual production sites was 7,914 kg/ha. that was ranged from 3,927 to 12,372 kg/ha with LSD of 1,577kg/ha between grasslands(p<0.05) on 2018. Dry matter(DM) yield of grasslands have positive correlation with soil fertility (p<0.01) but not correlated with rainfall and air temperature among cultivation environments. And also DM yield of grasslands have positive correlation with grassland management techniques(p<0.01). These results suggest that practices of grassland management techniques and improvement of soil fertility are more important than cultivation environments by climate change for increasing the DM yield of grassland in central and southern area of Korea.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.507-516
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• 2016

The salinity of soups of institutions enrolled at the Center for Children's Foodservice Management was monitored to reduce sodium intake of children by continuously managing salinity of soups provided by children food service. Monitoring of salinity was conducted by a salinity meter (SB-1500H, HM digital) three times in 2016 by patrolling children's institutions for the instruction of public health. The average salinity of soups provided by total children's institution showed a significant decrease in salinity - $1^{st}$ 0.45%, $2^{nd}$ 0.41% and $3^{rd}$ 0.39% - as monitoring was proceeded (p<0.01). When salinity of soups was analyzed according to the type of children's institution, the salinity of national and public institutions showed no significant decrease. In contrast, the salinity of private institutions decreased significantly (p<0.05). Depending on the enrollment of the food service, there was no significant difference in average salinity of soups between large food services, which have over 50 children, and small food services, which have less than 50 children. However, all food services showed a salinity decrease from the $1^{st}$ monitoring to the $3^{rd}$ monitoring. Salinity according to the type of soup showed that salinity of clear soup, miso soup, and stew except beef soup decreased from the $1^{st}$ monitoring to $3^{rd}$ monitoring. However, there was no significant difference in salinity according to the type of soup which can be attributed to a large difference in salinity among the same type of soup. The individual soup showing the biggest difference between maximum and minimum salinity of soup was egg soup (0.62%), potato soup (0.54%), and mushroom soup (0.64%). The present average salinity of soup provided by children's institutions was less than 0.5% which is the recommended standard of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. However, the salinity of soups should be managed within a certain range including the minimum salinity regarding the taste education of children.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2003

Various quality characteristics of minimally processed mushroom were measured to select appropriate browning inhibitor. The treatment of extracts from Asparagi radix, cassia and kiwi on mushrooms have a high effectiveness like ascorbic acid or cysteine, known as a good chemical antibrowning agent. As a results of physical quality characteristics of minimally processed mushroom during storage, 1% cysteine and Asparagi radix were highly effective on degree of browning. Total phenol content and polyphenol oxidase activity showed slight differences among the mushroom treated with each browning inhibitors, but it has gradually increased during storage. Thus, these results suggest browning inhibitors from natural materials can be alternatives to prevent browning on mushrooms instead of chemical browning inhibitors including ascorbic acid or cysteine, has been widely used for antibrowning agent.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.193-202
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to determine the sites of narrowing/obstruction and to measure the regional severity of narrowing through the evaluation of dynamic changes in upper-airway of healthy subjects. The selected 9 subjects were proved not to have any sleep-related disorder such as snoring or obstructive sleep apnea through clinical examination, radiological examination, sleep study with a portable recording system. Afterward, the Electron Beam Tomography was performed during the waking and sleeping state of subjects, with their mandible in resting and protruded position. Intravenous injection of Dormicum$^{(R)}$ was used for the induction of sleep. The maximum and minimum cross-sectional areas at each airway level during tidal ventilation were measured and the Collapsibility Index for each level of cross-section was also computed. In a comparison with results under variable conditions, the result was showed that the significant difference between each airway level divided with upper, middle, lower region of upper airway is not observed in the average minimum cross-sectional areas and Collapsibility Index. The significant difference only between in wake and sleep state was observed in the average minimum cross-sectional area at the lower region. Also, in wake state, the significant difference between resting and protrusive position of mandible for the average minimum was also observed in cross-sectional area at middle region. In sleep state, no significant difference between resting and protrusive position of mandible was observed in cross-sectional area and the Collapsibility Index.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.320-332
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• 2024

The aims of this study were to compare the differences in hemodynamics between cigarette smoking and using heated tobacco products (HTPs) and to determine the acute effects of using HTPs on cardiac autonomic regulation. Another goal was to examine the acute cardiac autonomic responses when using different tobacco sticks in HTPs. Sixteen healthy male smokers completed an open-label, randomized, crossover trial consisting of non-smoking (NS), cigarette smoking, and the use of two different HTPs (IQOS with HEETS; lil SOLID with Fiit). Sub-trials, which included NS, lil SOLID with Fiit, and lil SOLID with HEET, were performed on eight smokers among the total subjects. Hemodynamic variables, such as systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate variability were measured before, during, and 30 minutes after using each tobacco product. Using HTPs resulted in a significant increase in both SBP and DBP, comparable to smoking cigarettes. Cardiac sympathetic activity significantly increased, and cardiac vagal tone (CVT) significantly decreased after acute exposure to HTP aerosol, similar to the effects of cigarette smoke exposure. Furthermore, differences in the withdrawal of CVT were observed when using different tobacco sticks in the same HTPs. The findings of this study indicate that acute exposure to HTP aerosol increases the hemodynamic burden and disrupts cardiac autonomic balance, similar to exposure to cigarette smoke. Moreover, depending on the type of tobacco stick inserted into the HTP device, acute withdrawal of CVT may have been enhanced.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.230-238
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• 2003

An effect on the enhancing production of hollow 'jumbo' structures and the condition of artificial reefs (dice and hollow jumbo structure) by side scan sonar were described. The experiment of the capture of fish in the jumbo structures and control site (non-artificial site) by trammel net and traps was done twice every year from 1998 to 2000. The relative catches by trammel net between in the jumbo structure and in the control site was significantly different in number and in weight at 5% level and also that by traps significantly different in weight. The t-test of the catch of finespotted flounder showed that the hollow jumbo structure was regarded as a breeding field because the average size of the flounder in the jumbo site was smaller than that in the control site. The search on the condition of the artificial reefs (dice and hollow jumbo structure) was performed by side scanning sonar which showed various phase of it such as accumulated, dispersed, scouring and partly buried. The result implied that in the area of sand bottom with strong tide like the western sea of Korea, the current criterion for constructing artificial reef should be modified because of the sand moving on the bottom.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2008

아미카신은 그람음성균 감염에 사용하는 아미노글리코사이드계 항생제로 이독성 및 신독성 등의 부작용과 큰 개인차로 혈중농도 모니터를 통한 투여계획이 필요한 약물이다. 본 연구에서는 16명의 위암환자에서 비선형최소자승 회귀분석과 베이시안 분석에 의한 아미카신의 약물동태에 분석오차의 영향을 연구하였다. 약물투여는 아미카신 7.5 mg/kg을 30분에 걸쳐 12시간 간격으로 등속 주입하였으며, 혈액 채취는 정상상태에 도달되었다고 판단되는 첫 약물투여 72시간 후에, 약물 주입 5분전과 주입이 끝난 뒤 30분과 2시간에서 세차례 채취하였다. 혈청중 약물농도는 형광편광면역법으로 측정하였다. 분석오차를 위해 0, 5, 15, 30, 60 및 $80\;{\mu}g/ml$에 해당하는 아미카신 혈중농도(C)을 네차례 측정하여 각 혈중농도의 표준편차 (SD)을 구하였다 아미카신 분석오차를 위한 다항식이 $SD=0.3017+(0.00538C)+(0.00112C^2)$, $R^2=0.974$이었다 이 식에서 구한 SD 값으로 분석시 가중치를 주었을 때, 비선형최소자승 회귀분석에 의한 아미카신의 약물동태학적 파라메타($V_d$, $K_{el}$, $K_{slpoe}$, $t_{1/2}$)에 유의성있는 영향을 주었으나, 베이시안 분석에 의한 아미카신의 약물동태학적 파라메타에는 영향이 없었다. 이 다항식에 의한 분석오차를 비선형최소자승 회귀분석에 의한 아미카신 약물동태학적 파라메타 분석시 적절히 사용하면 안전하고 효율적인 투여계획을 할 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2009

토브라마이신은 그람음성균 감염에 사용하는 아미노글리코사이드계 항생제로 이독성 및 신독성 등의 부작용과 큰 개인차로 혈중농도 모니터를 통한 투여계획이 필요한 약물이다. 본 연구에서는 16명의 위암환자에서 비선형 최소자승 회귀분석과 베이시안 분석에 의한 토브라마이신의 약물동태에 분석오차의 영향에 대하여 연구하였다. 약물투여는 토브라마이신 1-2 mg/kg을 30분에 걸쳐 8시간 간격으로 등속 주입하였으며, 혈액 채취는 정상상태에 도달되었다고 판단되는 첫 약물투여 72시간 후에, 약물 주입 5분전과 주입이 끝난 뒤 30분과 2시간에서 세차례 채취하였다. 혈청중 약물농도는 형광편광면역법으로 측정 하였다. 분석오차를 위해 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 및 12 ${\mu}g/mL$에 해당하는 토브라마이신 혈중농도(C)을 네차례 측정하여 각 혈중농도의 표준편차 (SD)을 구하였다. 토브라마이신 분석오차를 구하기 위한 다항식이 SD = 0.0224+0.0540C+0.00173C2, $R^2$ = 0.935이었다. 이 식에서 구한 SD 값으로 분석시 가중치를 주었을 때, 비선형 최소자승 회귀분석에 의한 토브라마이신의 약물동태학적 파라메타 ($V_d$, $K_{el}$, $K_{slpoe}$, $t_{1/2}$)에 유의성있는 영향을 주었으나, 베이시안 분석에 의한 토브라마이신의 약물동태학적 파라메타에는 영향이 없었다. 이 다항식으로 부터 구한 분석오차를 토브라마이신의 비선형 최소자승 회귀분석을 이용한 약물동태 연구 및 파라메타 분석에 적용하여 좀 더 정확한 투여용량을 결정할 수 있으며, 더 나아가 토브라마이신 약물동태 시뮬레이션 연구에 응용할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.650-654
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• 2013

The feasibility of incorporating cinnamon as a value-added food ingredient in bakery food products was investigated using sponge cakes as a model system. Cinnamon powder was incorporated into sponge cakes at 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4% weight amounts, based on the total weight of wheat flour. Cake qualities, such as pH, moisture content, specific volume, and baking loss, decreased significantly with increasing levels of cinnamon powder added (p<0.05). In terms of color, lightness and yellowness decreased, with increasing levels of cinnamon powder. Redness significantly increased for crumb, but decreased for crust (p<0.05) with increasing levels of cinnamon powder. Hardness also significantly increased (p<0.05), while total polyphenol content significantly increased, up to a 2% addition of cinnamon powder, and gradually increased afterwards. Finally, the consumer acceptance test has indicated that higher levels of cinnamon incorporation (2% or higher, w/w) have a considerable adverse effect on consumer preferences in all attributes. In contrast, sponges cakes with a minimal level of cinnamon powder (1%, w/w) are recommended for taking advantage of the functional properties of cinnamon powder without sacrificing consumer acceptability.

• Proceedings of the Korea Database Society Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.403-416
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• 2002

워크플로우 관리 시스템은 정부나 기업과 같은 조직의 작업을 처리하기 위한 비즈니스 프로세스를 컴퓨터를 기반으로 자동화함으로서 작업의 효율을 높이고 비용을 절감한다. 현재에 이르러 이런 워크플로우 시스템을 사용하는 조직들이 점차 거대화되어 가고 네트워크의 발달과 인터넷의 출현으로 인하여 워크플로우 시스템이 처리하여야 하는 작업의 수와 고객과 작업자 수 등이 빠른 속도로 증가하는 추세이다. 이런 추세에서 워크플로우 시스템은 거대 조직 환경에 적합한 워크플로우 시스템 아키텍쳐를 필요하게 된다. 이에 본 논문은 거대 조직 환경을 관리할 수 있는 워크플로우 관리 시스템으로 워크케이스 기반의 초대형 워크플로우 시스템의 아키텍쳐를 설계 및 구현 하고자 한다. 그리고 워크플로우 시스템 아키텍쳐를 분류, 분석하여 장단점을 가려내어 이를 기반으로 워크플로우 시스템 아키텍쳐의 성능을 예측하여 워크케이스 기반 워크플로우 시스템 아키텍쳐가 본 논문에서 제안하는 초대형 워크플로우 시스템의 아키텍쳐라는 것을 예측하여 본다. 또한 초대형 워크플로우 시스템을 위하하부 구조로 EJB(Enterprise Java Beans)를 사용하고 사용 이유를 기술한다. 본 논문에서는 이런 워크케이스 기반의 초대형 워크플로우 시스템 아키텍쳐를 위하여 개념적인 단계와 설계 단계, 구현 단계로 나누어 설계 및 구현을 하며 개념적인 단계에서는 워크케이스 기반 워크플로우 시스템 아키텍쳐에 대하여 상세히 기술하고 설계단계에서는 전체적인 기능 정의와 초대형 워크플로우 시스템의 구조를 설계한다. 그리고 구현 단계에서는 워크케이스 기반의 초대형 워크플로우 시스템 아키텍쳐를 실제 구현하기 위한 환경을 선택하고 구현 단계의 문제점들과 해결책을 기술한다. 다 솔레노이드방식 감압건조장치로 건조한 표고버섯으로 품위에 대한 유의성 검증결과, 표고버섯의 경우 온도별로는 색택과 복원률, 건조실 내부 압력별로는 수축률, 복원률에서 유의차가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 라. 본 연구에서 구명된 감압건조특성을 기초로 하여 배치식 감압건조기를 설계 제작에 활용하고자 한다.ational banks. Several financial interchange standards which are involved in B2B business of e-procurement, e-placement, e-payment are also investigated.. monocytogenes, E. coli 및 S. enteritidis에 대한 키토산의 최소저해농도는 각각 0.1461 mg/mL, 0.2419 mg/mL, 0.0980 mg/mL 및 0.0490 mg/mL로 측정되었다. 또한 2%(v/v) 초산 자체의 최소저해농도를 측정한 결과, B. cereus, L. mosocytogenes, E. eoli에 대해서는 control과 비교시 유의적인 항균효과는 나타나지 않았다. 반면에 S. enteritidis의 경우는 배양시간 4시간까지는 항균활성을 나타내었지만, 8시간 이후부터는 S. enteritidis의 성장이 control 보다 높아져 배양시간 20시간에서는 control 보다 약 2배 이상 균주의 성장을 촉진시켰다.차에 따른 개별화 학습을 가능하게 할 뿐만 아니라 능동적인 참여를 유도하여 학습효율을 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.향은 패션마케팅의 정의와 적용범위를 축소시킬 수 있는 위험을 내재한 것으로 보여진다. 그런가 하면, 많이 다루어진 주제라 할지라도 개념이나 용어가 통일되지 않고