• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 1992

The duration of raising seedling of infant rice seedling(IRS) in machine transplanting is 8 to 10 days. This experiment was conducted to investigate the minimum duration of IRS's raising seedling and its method by the combination of several treatments such as plant growth regulator, root-break-seat and temperature. The rice seeds of Hwaseongbyeo was soaked in the solution of metalaxyl for 24 hours at room temperature. Metalaxyl (25% wettable powder), a fungicide, was used in 1, 000 times dilution as a promting substance on the root-mat formation of IRS. The application of fungicide in the nursery soil for the controlling of damping-off and physiologyical seedling rot was omitted due to the metalaxyl seed-soaking treatment. Seeding rate was 220g per seed tray (30$\times$60$\times$3cm). To promote the root-mat formation of IRS, the sheets of polyethylene vinyl and absorptive paper were placed bottom the seed tray. The root-mat formation of IRS was promoted at higher temperature and longer duration of raising seedling. The metalaxyl-treated seeds markedly increased the root length and rooting activity of IRS as compared with the control, thus the root-mat formation was excellent. The absorptive paper with polyethylene vinyl as root-break-seat showed a better root-mat formation compared with control, polyethylene vinyl, alone. The minimum duration of raising seedling of IRS was 5 days after sowing based on the root-mat formation and seedling height under the condition of metalaxyl seed treatment, absorptive paper with polyethylene vinyl as a root-break-seat and the raising seedling temperature 30/2$0^{\circ}C$ (day /night).

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 1988

Five soybean varieties of two early maturing ; Karikei 73 and ss 79168, and three late maturing ; Tohoku 76, Baegunkong and Jangbaegkong were used and evaluated in the study. Of the varieties examined, Karikei 73 was characterized by the delayed leaf senescence. To investigate the periodical trends of nitrogen in plant organs and their roles to the nitrogen fixing activity of root nodules, the concentrations of nitrogen in plant organs during the grain filling period were measured. High positive correlation was recognized between the amount of nitrogen in plant parts and p-ARA, suggesting the higher the activity of nitrogen fixation the greater the amount of nitrogen in plant. But the relationship between the concentration of nitrogen in plant and s-ARA was positive at R4. but negative at R6. This was inferred that the high concentration of nitrogen at R4 gave accelerating effects on s-ARA by increasing the activity of photosynthesis in leaf-blades, while the reduced activity of photosynthesis in leaf-blades at R6 resulted in continued degradation of nitrogenous compounds in plant, and then high concentration of nitrogen in plants brought reduced supply of sugars to nodules.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2006

An experiment was conducted to examine how the response of dairy cows to a change from twice to thrice-daily milking is affected by deficiencies in the dietary supplies of three amino acids, His, Met and Lys. The amino acid deficiencies were obtained by feeding the cows a diet of grass silage and a cereal-based supplement containing feather meal as the sole protein supplement. Taken overall, the results show that when cows were given the feather meal diet, even though dietary ME was in considerable excess, a deficiency of specific amino acids prevented any increase in milk yield in response to increasing the frequency of milking from twice to thrice daily. The results of half-udder milking showed that when cows consumed the diet deficient in amino acids, milking one half of the gland more frequently reduced the secretion of protein and lactose by the control gland. Neither MBF nor the ratio of 3-MH/creatinine in urine was affected by thrice-daily milking. The present results go a stage further in showing that, against a background of insufficient dietary amino acids, the stimulus of thrice-daily milking is not sufficient to induce a measurable change in the partition of amino acid use between body and udder.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.84-95
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• 2022

The landscaping of Amore-Pacific's new building has received various awards since its construction. This study attempted to identify the mechanisms of planning, design, and construction of this project through the ground theory. The results of the study are summarized as follows. The client's place attachment of the sites, which was the company's parent, was the driving force for an international design competiton in which architecture and landscaping were integrated. After that, in the detailed design stage for the actual implementation of the contest-winning plan, competent local designers and contractors were selected, and a consultative body was operated to engage in various opinions and promote rational decision-making. As for consultative body's operation method, simulation, physical model production, and detailed drawings were created after sharing opinions, and landscape design supervision played a major role. Establishing consistency in design and construction through integrated planning and landscape design supervision is required to cultivate craftsmanship and foster landscape coordinators in today's industrialized practice. The accumulation of related follow-up studies and supplementation of the system is anticipated.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 2023

In order to use Cudrania tricuspidata extract for the development of health-functional food, biological changes in normal rodents, such as changes in blood constituent cells, blood lipids, and anti-inflammatory activity, were measured after the rodents had been drinking the substance for 2 weeks. A 30 mg daily dose of the extract taken for 2 weeks produced no change in body weight or renal function, and no toxicity was observed. Increased red blood cell levels and white blood cell levels were confirmed, and platelet counts tended to increase; thus, the extract seems to cause an overall increase in blood cells. In the case of blood lipids, it was confirmed that the extract-treated group exhibited an effect of improved blood-lipid levels, demonstrated through an increase in HDL-C of 21%, with a decrease in triglyceride of 27% compared to the control group. In addition, the decreases in both GOT and GPT led to improved liver function through use of the extract. Therefore, this study suggests that drinking Cudrania tricuspidata extract can have various effects, such as promoting blood cell production, improving blood lipids profile, improving liver function, and improving inflammatory action. The extract would be useful in the future in developing high-value industrial products such as functional foods and pharmaceuticals.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

In order to assess seasonal and geographical characteristics of pollutant Escherichia coli, we investigated its distribution in Nakdong River mouth and Busan coastal water from February 2013 to November 2015. The coastal area was divided into five different zones (I-V) based on the pollutant level and geographical characteristics. During the study periods, water temperature and salinity varied from 7.50 to 27.64℃ and 16.82 to 34.82 psu, respectively. The annual water temperature variation was characterized in temperate zone. The salinity was significantly (p<0.05) decreased in zone IV and zone III after heavy rain during summer season in 2014, resulting led to elevated E. coli biomass. The highest colony formation of E. coli was recorded at 6,000 cfu l^-1 during autumn at station 1 (zone I). On the other hands, during all seasons of 2015, E. coli abundances were kept to be low level in zone III. The E. coli was not significantly (p>0.05) correlated with water temperature. However, the salinity was significantly (r=-0.53, p<0.05) correlated with the E. coli, implying that salinity plays a crucial role in the proliferation of E. coli. Consequently, E. coli in western Busan coastal water might have been significantly promoted by pollutant sources from Nakdong Rive discharge during the spring and summer rainy seasons depending on annual rainfall variations. On the other hands, E. coli in station 1 (i.e., Suyeong Bay) was obviously high due to influences of discharge water from municipal wastewater treatment plant. However, there was no clear seasonality of E. coli.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.75-97
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• 2021

This study was conducted to derive a society and education system model that will improve the happiness and sustainability of human society. An ideological model for making human society a happy society was derived, and a society and education system structure and operation model based on this was presented. A fair society, a justice society, a mutually considerate society, and a society where individuals are happy are the conditions for a sustainable society. After analyzing the current situation of freedom and equality pursued by capitalism and democracy, which are currently adopted by most societies, an improvement model was derived from the perspective of a sustainable society. The cost of freedom and equality were analyzed and a new alternative system was discussed. The social solidarity and class mobility issues were discussed together and servicism was derived as an alternative solution. It is a system in which two opposing opponents of individual freedom and social norms form a symmetrical balance, and material and spiritual values are balanced. Servicism is a dynamic balance model. That is, the dimensions of time and space are involved. It is a model that maintains a thorough balance through a dialectical process as time and space change, and one value can dominate the other at a specific time or space. The service-oriented society and education system is a system that simultaneously pursues the goals of individual happiness and sustainable development of the social community.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.6B
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• pp.695-701
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• 2006

A toluene-degrading bacterial strain was isolated from a mixed culture that was maintained using toluene as a sole carbon and energy source. The isolated bacterium was classified as Pseudomonas sp. TBD4 based on the close relationship to bacteria belonging to this genus. A bottle study to determine biodegradation rates of individual aromatic compounds showed that the biodegradation was faster in the order of toluene, benzene, styrene, and p-xylene. However, when various mixtures were subjected to TDB4, styrene was degraded at the highest rate, indicating that both toluene and p-xylene could stimulate the degradation of other substrates whereas styrene played as an inhibitor. In addition, the mixed culture and TDB4 were inoculated to the bioactive foam reactor (BFR), and the reactor performance and the corresponding change of microbial community were monitored using the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) method. When an inlet concentration of the VOC mixture increased to greater than 250 ppm, the overall removal efficiency dropped significantly. The FISH measurement demonstrated that the ratio of TDB4 to the total bacteria also decreased to less than 20% along with the decline in removal efficiency in the BFR. As a result, the periodic addition of the pre-grown TDB4 might have been beneficial to achieve a stable performance in the BFR operated over an extended period.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.139-158
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• 2012

This study was intended to classify tie-in promotion tools by the criteria of benefit-fit between consumer and tie-in promotions. Tie-in promotion tools include tie-in price reductions, tie-in coupons, tie-in memberships, tie-in contests, tie-in sweepstakes, tangible and intangible tie-in premiums, tie-in payment terms, tie-in samples, tie-in events(culture event, charity event, experience event) and tie-in fund·rebates. The fit between consumer pursuit benefit and tie-in promotion supplying benefit was used as a classification criteria on the basis of Lee et al.'s study in 2011. For the experiment, one stimuli and 12 scenarioes were developed. 100 pieces of data were obtained for each scenario. As a result, benefit fit was subsequently divided into two factors: hedonic-benefit fit and utilitarian-benefit fit. Tie-in promotion tools were then classified into 4 types: high hedonic benefit-added, high utilitarian benefit-added, low hedonic benefit-added, and low utilitarian benefit-added. In previous research, tie-in promotion type was mainly divided by the evaluative criteria on company's viewpoint such as horizontal/vertical or intra-company/ inter-company, which reflects mutual exclusiveness between two criteria. Whereas, in this study, tie-in promotion type was divided by evaluative criteria on consumer's viewpoint such as hedonic- benefit fit/utilitarian-benefit fit. The classifications in this study practically reflect benefit-added of tie-in promotion type superadded one benefit coexisting two benefits.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.365-373
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• 2023

Since the lips are a representative facial part that can express human attraction, aesthetic interest in them has always existed in human history. However, as lips age, they tend to form wrinkles, become thinner, and lose their volume. To counteract this phenomenon, medical procedures such as fillers or fat transplantation have been suggested. In this study, we verified that the one of main effective material complex of L G H&H L IPCERIN^®, combination of cedrol, a sesquiterpene found in cedarwood, and three peptides (acetyl hexapeptide-8, acetyl tetrapeptide-9, and desamidocollagen) could ameliorate the photo-aging and reduce the wrinkles through in vitro experiments. The possibility of improving collagen and elastin expression in skin fibroblasts and reducing MMP expression under photoaging conditions was verified. In addition, it was confirmed that the amount of fat tissue in the lips can be increased by promoting adipose stem cell differentiation and increasing the amount of fat produced in the in vitro adipose stem cell differentiation experiment. Two weeks of human application tests confirmed that a combination of cedrol and peptides can improve the wrinkles, texture, elasticity, and volume of the lips. This study verified that the combination of cedrol and three peptides can be used as effective cosmetic materials to decrease the various signs of aging in the lips.