• 대한조현병학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of early maladaptive schemas and their associations with clinical symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Forty-eight patients with schizophrenia, 49 patients with major depressive disorder, and 50 healthy controls completed the Young Schema Questionnaire and symptom measures including the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-Expanded (BPRS-E). Results: The schizophrenia group had significantly higher scores than the healthy controls and lower scores than the depression group in most schemas. Compared with healthy controls, the schizophrenia group exhibited higher scores in 10 schemas, i.e., mistrust, social isolation, failure, dependence, vulnerability to harm, enmeshment, insufficient self-control, subjugation, emotional inhibition, and negativity schemas (all p<0.001). Moreover, vulnerability to harm, enmeshment, subjugation, and negativity schemas were correlated with total scores of the BPRS-E (0.37≤r≤0.43, all p<0.05). Regarding the five BPRS domains, emotional deprivation schema showed significant relationships with negative (r=0.50, p=0.005) and disorganization (r=0.39, p=0.033) symptoms, while no schemas showed correlations with positive symptoms. Conclusion: These results suggest that most schemas in patients with schizophrenia pertain to impaired autonomy and performance as well as disconnection and rejection domains and may improve our understanding and the treatment of schizophrenia from a perspective of schema therapy focused on these domains.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.68-76
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• 2019

Objective : The goal of this study was to investigate the characteristics of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs), and associated neurocognitive functions as seen in visitors for military designation process. Methods : This retrospective study included 111 males aged 18 to 24 years among three groups: 41 visitors for military designation process (VMD), 21 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and 49 healthy subjects. We collected the results of the Young Schema Questionnaire, Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, three neurocognitive tests as well as their clinicodemographic data. We analyzed the differences in EMSs between these three groups, and the correlations among the identified EMSs and neurocognitive performances within the VMD group. Results : Compared with both the OCD and healthy groups, the evaluation of the VMD group showed significantly higher scores in mistrust/abuse (F=6.4, p=0.002), vulnerability to harm (F=6.6, p<0.0001) and negativity/pessimism schema (F=7.3, p<0.0001), even when controlling for depression scores and levels of education. These three schemas also exhibited significant negative correlations with the score of Stroop test with r ranging from -0.34 to -0.44. Conclusion : These findings suggest that people who are likely to have difficulties adjusting to living in a military life may have psychological vulnerabilities related to certain EMSs. Further studies are warranted to test the clinical potentials of these findings, such as a treatment target and a predictor factor.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 공황장애 환자의 심리도식 특성을 조사하였다. 대조군에 비해 환자군은 상태 및 특성불안, 우울 점수가 유의하게 높았으며 YSQ 중에서는 유기/불안정, 위험/질병에 대한 취약성 도식 점수가 유의하게 높았다. 환자군에서 ST-AI로 평가한 불안 수준은 모든 심리도식과, BDI로 평가한 우울 수준은 특권의식/과대성을 제외한 14개 도식과 상관관계가 있었으나 대조군에서는 훨씬 적은 수의 도식만이 상관관계를 보였다. 환자군에서 위험/질병에 대한 취약성, 유기/불안정 도식이 특성불안 수준을 가장 잘 예측하였으며 의존/무능, 유기/불안정 도식은 상태불안 수준을, 결함/수치심, 복종 도식은 우울 수준을 가장 잘 예측하였다. 이를 종합할 때, 초기부적응 심리도식은 공황장애의 발병과 경과 그리고 치료 반응에 영향을 미칠 가능성이 있다. 향후 대규모 집단을 대상으로 공황장애 환자의 심리도식 특성을 파악하고 치료에 접목시키는 작업이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.