• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.119-120
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• 2003

우리나라에 분포하는 모자반류는 모두 28종으로 알려져 있으며 (이와 강 2002) 이 가운데 식용으로 이용되는 것은 모자반 (S. fulvellum)이 대표적이다. 모자반의 양식은 주로 서남해 지역에서 이루어지고 있으며 이들의 종묘생산은 자연에서 생식기탁이 성숙되는 4-5월경에 이루어지는데, 유배의 대량 방출을 위한 성숙 모조의 다량 확보가 어렵고 일시에 유배의 대량 방출을 유도하기 위한 성숙 유도 기법의 연구는 전무한 실정이다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 모조의 실내 배양을 통하여 유배의 대량 방출을 위한 성숙 유도 기법과 배양 조건별 엽체의 성숙 및 난방출율을 구하여 모자반의 조기채묘에 유용한 자료로 사용하고자 하였다. 또한 채묘된 발아체의 초기생장에 필요한 최적 배양 환경을 구명하고자 하였다. 모자반 모조는 전남 진도군 조도 지역의 수심 3-5m에서 채집하였으며, 채집 즉시 실험실로 운반하여 유수식 사육 수조에 수용하였다. 성숙 유도는 20$\ell$ 플라스틱 bottle을 사용하였으며, 성숙률의 정량화를 위하여 암생식기탁을 절단하여 수차례 멸균해수에서 세척후 멸균된 5cm직경의 petri dish에 멸균해수20$m\ell$와 함께 수용하여 Multi-chamber incubator에서 배양하였다. 배양조건은 5개 온도조건 (5, 10, 15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$)과16:8h의 장일 광주기 조건으로하였으며 조도는 80 $\mu$molm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$로 하였다. 모든 실험구는 3반복 실험하였으며 2일 간격으로 생식기탁의 생장 및 성숙 그리고 난방출 여부를 현미경하에서 측정하였다. 난이 방출된 모조로부터 유배를 분리하여 3개 조도 구간 (30, 60, 100 $\mu$molm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$)과 5개 온도 구간 (5, 10, 15, 20, $25^{\circ}C$)의 조합인 15개 배양 조건하에서 엽체의 길이생장을 측정하였다. 생식기탁으로부터 난의 방출은 15$^{\circ}C$와 2$0^{\circ}C$ 조건에서 배양 2일후부터 방출되기 시작하였으며, 배양 9일후 2$0^{\circ}C$ 조건에서 가장 높은 96.7$\pm$5.8%의 난방출율을 보였다. 또한 15$^{\circ}C$ 조건에서는 배양 9일후 76.7%의 난방출율을 보였다. 1$0^{\circ}C$와 $25^{\circ}C$ 조건에서는 배양 11일까지 36.7%의 난방출율을 나타내어 온도 조건에 따라 난방출 비율에 차이를 보였다. 따라서 이러한 실내 배양 결과를 다량의 모조를 조기에 성숙시키기 위해 모조 수용 수조의 수온을 자연수온보다 2~5$^{\circ}C$ 높은 12~15$^{\circ}C$ 조건으로 유지하여 15일간의 수조 관리 후 모조의 대량 유배 방출을 유도할 수 있었다. 모조 성숙을 위한 사육 수조의 수온을 2$0^{\circ}C$ 이상으로 가온할 경우 엽체의 끝녹음을 유발하였으며 가온에 따르는 가온 비용이 수반되므로 엽체의 난방출율이 70% 이상에 도달하는 15$^{\circ}C$ 조건으로 유지하는 것이 경제적일 뿐만 아니라 엽체의 건전도 유지에도 바람직하였다. 유배의 초기생장은1$0^{\circ}C$와15$^{\circ}C$의 온도조건에서 길이생장이 빠르게 증가하여, 배양 35일 후 15$^{\circ}C$와 60 $\mu$molm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$의 조건에서 3.9$\pm$0.2mm로 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 엽체의 초기 길이생장은 15$^{\circ}C$, 60 $\mu$molm$^{-2}$ -s$^{-1}$의 조도 조건에서 가장 우세하였으며, 다음으로 30과 100 $\mu$molm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$의 조건 순으로 나타났다. 2$0^{\circ}C$와 $25^{\circ}C$의 온도 조건에서는 각각 1.8~2.1mm로 길이생장에 있어 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.123-136
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• 2010

In order to remediate heavy metal contaminated Nong island, Maehyang-ri shooting range soils through the batch reactor scale washing were evaluated. The experiment texture soil of N3 in the Nong island at north side incline was (g)mS containing 12.9% gravel, 47.0% sand, 35.1% silt and 5.0% clay. And the N3 soil area was contaminated with Cd($22.5\pm1.9$ ppm), Cu($35.5\pm4.0$ ppm), Pb($1,279.0\pm5.1$ ppm) and Zn($403.4\pm9.8$ ppm). The EDTA(ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid, $C_{10}H_{16}N_2O_8$) in the N3 soil was observed as most effective extractants among the 5 extractants(citric acid, EDTA, phosphoric acid, potassium phosphate and oxalic acid) tested. And chemical partitioning of heavy metals after washing N3 soil with EDTA was evaluated. Removal efficiency of residual fractions was higher than that of non-residual fractions. To choose EDTA extractant which is the most effective in soil washing technology using batch reactor process cleaning Pb and Zn contaminated sits; Pb and Zn removal rates were investigated 92.4%, 94.0% removal(1,000 mM, soil:solution=5, $20^{\circ}C$, 24 hour shaking, pH=2, 200 RPM), respectively. The results of the batch test showed that the removal efficiency curve was logarithmic in soil was removal. Thus, EDTA washing process can be applied to remediate the Pb and Zn contaminated soil used in this study.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.1072-1082
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• 1997

Background : To characterize the clinical features and determine the prognostic factors of severe community-acquired pneumonia. This study is the first of its kind in Korea. Methods : Recruited were 40 patients diagnosed as severe community-acquired pneumonia in Hallym University Hospital from January 1, 1989 through July 31, 1996. Patients were analysed retrospectively for age, sex, underlying disease, respiration rate, hypoxemia, requirement of mechanical ventilation, involvement on chest radiograph, shock, and the serum concentration of BUN and albumin. All parameters were compared between survived and dead group. Results : Male to female ratio was 2.07 : 1. The mean age was $63.1{\pm}17.5$years(range 25~90years) with 65% of patients aged equal to or more than 60. The major underlying diseases were old pulmonary tuberculosis(12.5%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(7.5%), bronchial asthma(5%), bronchiectasis(2.5%), and diabetes mellitus(22.5%). Microbiologic diagnosis was made in 26 out of 40 patients(65%). The most common causative organism was S. pneumoniae(17.5%, 7/40) followed by S. aureus(15.0%, 6/40), K. Pneumoniae(12.5%, 5/40), M. tuberculosis(7.5%, 3/40), H. influenzae(2.5%, 1/40), coagulase negative staphylococcus(2.5%, 1/40), P. aeruginosa(2.5%. 1/40), E. cloaceae(2.5%, 1/40), and E. coli(2.5%, 1/40). M. pneumoniae was detected in no patient. The most frequent drugs administered in single or combination therapy were aminoglycosides(75%, 30/40), second- and third-generation cephalosporin(40%, 16/40 and 27.5%, 11/40), macrolides(27.5%, 11/40), and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid(22.5%, 9/40). Of the 40 patients, 14 died of severe community-acquired pneumonia(37.5%). Among them, seven patients (50%) expired within 72h of hospital arrival. According to multivariate analysis, mortality was significantly associated with requirement of mechanical ventilation, bilateral pulmonary involvement, and serum albumins$\leq$3.0g/dl. Conclusion : An understanding of the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in severe community-acquired pneumonia identified in this study will optimize therapeutic approach in this disease and help decreasing its notorious mortality rate.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the effects of gender, age, underlying disease, duration after onset of symptoms, preoperative invasive procedures, bacterial culture of joint fluid, and stage of infection by the Gachter classification on the prognosis of patients with infectious knee arthritis who underwent arthroscopic surgery. Materials and Methods: From June 2014 to December 2016, 51 patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery for infective knee arthritis were enrolled in this study. The average follow-up period was 14.2±2.1 months (range, 12-20 months). The subjects were 27 men (52.9%) and 24 women (47.1%), with an average age of 55.1±17.6 years (range, 13-84 years). A preoperative evaluation of the joint aspiration with a count of more than 50,000 leukocytes and a polymorphonuclear leukocyte count of 95% or more was performed. All patients underwent arthroscopic surgery and postoperative continuous joint irrigation. Results: The initial mean value of the C-reactive protein decreased from 9.55±6.76 mg/dl (range, 1.51-31.06 mg/dl) to a final mean of 0.74±1.26 mg/dl (range, 0.08-6.77 mg/dl); the mean duration of C-reactive protein normalization was 27.6±18.9 days (range, 8-93 days). Among the 51 patients who received arthroscopic surgery and antibiotics, 44 patients (86.3%) with infectious knee arthritis completed treatment with improved clinical symptoms, such as fever, pain, and edema, and the C-reactive protein decreased to less than 0.5 mg/dl. Finally, 5 cases were treated with two or more arthroscopic operations, and 2 cases were converted to arthroplasty after prosthesis of antibiotic-loaded acrylic cement. Conclusion: The duration of surgery after the onset of symptoms and the stage according to the Gächter classification are important prognostic factors for predicting the successful treatment of infectious knee arthritis. On the other hand, the other factors were not statistically significant. Nevertheless, patients with bacteria cultured from the joint fluids appear to reflect the treatment period because the period of normalization of the C-reactive protein is shorter than that of the control group.