• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.305-311
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• 1988

To study effects of dietary heated oil on lipid metabolism in rat liver, three groups of rats were fed fresh corn oil(control) and corn oils heated for 11 hours (HA) and 24 hours(HB) at $180^{\circ}C$. Acid values of HA and HB were 2.10 and 4.02 respectively. Each gram of three kinds of experimental oils was administered to rats by intubation daily for 3 and 6 weeks. After each feeding period, body and liver weights were measured as well as the contents of liver triglyceride, cholesterol, phospholipid and fatty acid compositions of total lipid, triglyceride and phospholipid. Growth of rats were not significantly different among groups, but liver weight of HB group was higher than HA group. The contents of liver triglyceride and cholesterol were higher in HA and HB groups than in control group. The content of phospholipid was increased slightily in HB group only after 6 weeks. Linoleic acid content of dietary oil was decreased progressively by heating ; 48.27% in fresh corn oil, 42.28% in HA and 36.13% in HB. The contents of linoleic acid and other polyunsaturated fatty acids were also reduced in total lipid, triglyceride and phospholipid fractions of liver of rats fed heated oils.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.262-269
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• 1995

The reseach was conducted to find out if there are any difference in growth, specific pattern in weed competition, and herbicide response of Korean lawngrass(Zoysia japonica Steud.) in a green house equipped with auto-foggy system. Plant height and leaf stage of Korean lowngrass under foggy condition were increased through all growing stages, whereas the number of tillers and shoot fresh weight harvested at 100 days after seeding were reduced by 24% and 29%, respectively, comparing with non-foggy condition. Weed emergence(total fresh weight) under foggy condition was much greater than that under non-foggy condition. Plant height, number of tillers, number of plant and shoot fresh weight of lawngrass under foggy condition were severely reduced with increasing the duration of competition(above 40 day-competition). Among the herbicides treated, oxyfluorfen completely inhibited plant height of lawngrass regardless of foggy condition, and bensulide considerably inhibited plant height of lawngrass under foggy condition. On the other hand, flazasulfuron did not affect the growth of lawngrass under both foggy and non-foggy conditions. At 40 days after herbicides application, weeding efficacy of bensulide and mecoprop under foggy condition were reduced by 6% and 13%, respectively, comparing with non-foggy condition.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.97-113
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of bowontang on serum reactions of $CCl_4$- treated mouse. In this study, the experimental mouse were divided into three groups, normal, control, and sample. Under the same condition, the normal group was fed basal diet and water, the control group was injected with carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$, 0.6ml/kg) and fed a basal diet for 2 weeks, and the sample group was injected with carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$, 0.6ml/kg) and fed the bowontang extract (900mg/kg) for 2 weeks. It was shown that scavenging effect on DPPH radical was depended on concentration of the bowontang. And activities of GOT, GPT and ALP in blood serum of the sample group were significantly decreased as compared with the control group, respectively. Also, activities of LPO, GSH and catalase in the liver were significantly changed in experimental mice. In the liver of the sample groups, the activity of LPO was decreased as compared with control group, while activities of GSH and Catalase were significantly increased.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2002

Background: Simple ventricular septal defect(VSD) is the most common congenital heart disease. Although closure of VSD is currently associated with a relatively low risk, experience with younger and smaller infants has been variably less satisfactory. We assessed the results of surgical closure of VSD in infant. Materials and Methods: Between 1996 and 2000, 45 non-restrictive VSD patients underwent patch repair and retrospective analysis was done. Patients were divided into two groups based on weight: group I infants weighed 5kg or less(n=16), and group II infants weighed more than 5kg(n=29). Both groups had similar variation in sex, VSD location, aortic cross clamp time and total bypass time. But combined diseases (ASD, PDA, MR) were more in group I. We closed VSD with patch and used simple continuous suture method in all patients. Results: There were no operative mortality, no reoperation for hemodynamically significant residual shunt and no surgically induced complete heart block. As a complication, pneumonia(group I: 2 cases, group II: 2 cases), transient seizure(group II: 2), wound infection(group I: 1, group II: 1), urinary tract infection(group I: 1) and chylopericardium(group I: 1) developed, and there was no significant difference between two groups(p>0.05). Conclusion: Early primary closure with simple continuous suture method was applicable in all patients with non-restrictive VSD without any serious complications.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.63-70
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• 2011

In this paper, we proposed a method for estimating energy expenditure using the unfixed axis of the accelerometer. Most studies adopted waist-placement because of the fact that the waist is close to the center of mass of a whole human body. But we adopted pocket-placement, which is capable of using unfixed axis of sensor, that is more convenient than conventional methods. To evaluate the proposed method, 28 male subjects performed walking and running on a motor driven treadmill. All of subject put on the indirect calorimeter and fixed accelerometer, then data were simultaneously measured during exercise. The regression analysis was performed using the test group(n=20) and the regression equation was applied to the control group(n=8). A strong linear relationship between energy expenditure and unfixed accelerometer signal was found. Futhermore, the coefficient of determination was significantly reliable($R^2$=0.98) and showed zero of p-value. The error of energy expenditure estimation between indirect calorimeter and two types of accelerometer was 15.0%(fixed) and 17.0%(unfixed) respectively. These results show the possibilities that the unfixed accelerometer can be used in estimating the energy expenditure during exercise.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.221-225
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• 1991

Twenty five patients with unresectable non-small cell carcinoma of the lung have been treated with hyperfractionated radiotherapy with concomitant boost technique since September, 1989. Those patients with history of previous surgery or chemotherapy, pleural effusion or significant weight loss (greater than $10\%$ of body weight) were excluded from the study. Initially, 27 Gy were delivered in 15 fractions in 3 weeks to the large field. Thereafter, large field received 1.8 Gy and cone down boost field received 1.4 Gy with twice a day fractinations up to 49.4 Gy. After 49.4Gy, only boost field was treated twice a day with 1.8 and 1.4 Gy. Total tumor doses were 62.2 Gy for 12 patients and 65.4 Gy for remaining 13 patients. Follow up period was ranged from 6 to 24 month. Actuarial survival rates at 6, 12, and 18 month were $88\%,\;62\%,\;and\;38\%$, respectively. Corresponding disease free suwival rates were $88\%,\;41\%,\;and\;21\%$, respectively. Actuarial cumulative local failure rates at 9, 12 and 15 month were $36\%,\;43\%,\;and\;59\%$, respectively. No significant increase of acute or late complications including radiation pneumonitis was noted with maximum follow up of 24 month. Although the longer follow up is needed, it is worthwhile to try the prospective randomized study to evaluate the efficacy of hyperfractionated radiotherapy with concomitant boost technique for unresectable non-small cell lung cancers in view of excellent tolerance of this treatment. In the future, further increase of total radiation dose might be necessary to improve local control for non-small cell lung cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2007

Levan, the fructose polymer is an indigestible carbohydrate regularly consumed by humans. Its physiological functions, in terms of hypocholesterolemic effect and calcium metabolism, have not been well documented. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of levan on blood lipids and the calcium absorption ratio in rats fed a 0.1% low calcium diet. Thirty rats were divided into three groups and fed a 0.1% low calcium diet (control) or low calcium diets containing either 2.5% levan or 5% levan for eight weeks. The blood lipid and biomarkers relevant to Ca metabolism (urinary Ca and hydroxyproline), the femoral weight and the Ca contents were determined. The body weight gains were lower in the 5% levan group than the control group. Plasma concentrations of triacylglycerol and LDL-cholesterol decreased in the 5% levan group, compared to the control group, but the atherogenic indice were not affected. Blood alkaline phosphatase activity, Ca and urinary hydroxyproline excretion levels were not different in the three groups. The net calcium absorption in rats fed a 5% levan diet was greater than rats fed the control diet, while the femoral weights and Ca contents were not significantly different in the three groups. We concluded that a 5% levan diet could both enhance the calcium absorption and improve the lipid profiles in rats fed a low calcium diet.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.336-347
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• 1985

Soils and rice plants subject to smoke from the Jang-hang Smelter were samples at two depths to assess the nature and extend of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn contamination, particularly with respect to distance from pollution source. Soils at east site within 1km of the center of the smelter were highly contaminated with Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Metal levels in the smoke-polluted area were higher in surface soil than in subsurface soil, and decreased rapidly with distance reaching nearly background levels at 5km from pollution source. A position correlation was found between contents of total and 0.1 N HCl-extractable, or 1.0N $CH_3COONH_4$- extractable heavy metals in surface soils of pollution. Contents of heavy metals in soils were positively correlated with soil organic matter and cation exchange capacity. The contents of heavy metals in brown rice collected from the paddy field around the Jang-hang Smelter were in the range of 0.23-1.33 ppm for Cd, 2.39-6.25 for Cu, 0.95-8.32 ppm for Pb and 14.60-27.31 for Zn. The contents of Cd, Cu, and Zn in rice straw were positively correlated with those in the brown rice. Negative correlation was found between the contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in brown rice and the distance from the source.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

The habit of finger sucking is a reflex occurring in the oral stage, due to nutritive and psychological desire. The habit of finger sucking is considered to be normal till 3 years of age. Dento-skeletal effect on maxillo-mandibular complex including occlusion is naturally correction, when habit stopped before 3 years. If finger sucking continues till $3{\sim}4$ years, Finger sucking leads to severe malocclusion and remarkable discrepancy maxillo-mandibular complex, which is difficult in expectation of natural correction. It is necessary to positive treatment. Treatment of malocclusion, as related to finger sucking is classified two methods. (psychological approach and orthodontic appliance) To stop a habit and to correct severe skeletal discrepancy and malocclusion, $fr\ddot{a}nkel$ appliance is very effective device. This study is to report two cases of treatment of malocclusion, as related to finger sucking. 2 years 10 months old girl with severe overjet, maxillo-mandibular skeletal discrepancy and severe convex facial profile was treated with a FR-II appliance. Finger sucking habit stopped immediately After 16 months, severe overjet, maxillo-mandibular skeletal discrepancy and severe convex facial profile was corrected. 4 years 2 months old girl with midline deviation, mandibular right shift, collateral posterior crossbite and facial asymmetry was treated with a FR-III appliance. Finger sucking habit stopped immediately. After 10 month, Midline deviation, mandibular right shift, collateral posterior crossbite and facial asymmetry were corrected. FR-appliance is a recommendable appliance for a habit breaker and correction of skeletal discrepancy.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.48-55
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• 1968

1958년(年) Fullmer와 $Lillie^9$에 의(依)하여 최초(最初)로 보고(報告)된 Oxytalan 섬유(纖維)는 산(酸)에 내성(耐性)이 강(强)한 섬유(纖維)로 치근막(齒根膜)에 많이 출현(出現)하고 기계적(機械的) 자극(刺戟)에 의(依)하여 배열(配列), 주행(走行) 및 수적(數的)인 변화(變化)를 가져온다. 저자(著者)는 교정력(矯正力)을 이용(利用)하여 치아(齒牙)를 이동(移動) 시킨후(後) 치근막내(齒根膜內) Oxytalan섬유(纖維)의 수(數), 주행(走行) 및 형태(形態)의 변화(變化)를 실험적(實驗的)으로 관찰(觀察)한바 있어 이를 보고(報告)하는 바이다. 본연구(本硏究)에 사용(使用)된 실험동물(實驗動物)로는 체중(體重) 60gram내외(內外)의 자성백서(雌性白鼠) 15마리를 택(澤)하였다. 각동물(各動物)은 Ether마취후(麻醉後) 교정용(矯正用) 고무줄편(片)을 상악우측(上顎右側) 제1구치(第一臼齒)와 제2구치(第二臼齒) 사이에 삽입(揷入)하여 24, 48, 72시간(時間) 간격(間隔)으로 관찰(觀察)하였다. 동물(動物)을 도살후(屠殺後) 상악골(上顎骨)을 적출(摘出)하여 10%중성(中性) 호루마린에 고정후(固定後) 3%의산(蟻酸)으로 탈회(脫灰)하였다. 파라핀 포매후(包埋後) 근원심적(近遠心的)으로 $4{\sim}6{\mu}$의 절편(切片)을 만들어 Hematoxylin-eosin 및 Aldehyde fuchsin염색(染色)을 시행(施行)하여 경험(鏡險)한 결과(結果)는 하기(下記)와 같다. 1. 치아이동후(齒牙移動後) 교원성섬유(膠原性纖維) 및 Oxytalan섬유(纖維)들의 배열(配列)에 있어 뚜렷한 차이(差異)를 보였다. 2. 치아이동후(齒牙移動後) 사주섬유(斜走纖維)는 염박측(壓迫側)에서는 치아장축(齒牙長軸)에 수직(垂直)되게, 견인측(牽引側)에서는 평행(平行)되게 주행(走行)하고 있었다. 3. 48시간군(時間群)에서 세포증식(細胞增殖)이 심(甚)하였다. 4. Oxytalan섬유(纖維)는 치아(齒牙)들에 교정력(矯正力)을 가(加)한후(後) 견인(牽引) 염박(壓迫) 양측(兩側) 공(共)히 수(數)가 증가(增加)하였다. 5. 염박측(壓迫側)에서 Oxytalan섬유(纖維)는 속(束)을 형성(形成)하며 치아장축(齒牙長軸)에 평행(平行)되게 주행(走行)하였다. 6.견인측(牽引側)에서는 하나 또는 두세개의 섬유(纖維)들이 산발적(散發的)으로 치아장축(齒牙長軸)에 평행(平行)되게 하였다. 7. Oxytalan섬유(纖維)의 수(數)는 염박측(壓迫側)에서 보다 견인측(牽引側)에서 더 변화(變化)가 많았다.