• Title/Summary/Keyword: 체적계산

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High Resolution and Large Scale Flood Modeling using 2D Finite Volume Model (2차원 유한체적모형을 적용한 고해상도 대규모 유역 홍수모델링)

  • Kim, Byunghyun;Kim, Hyun Il;Han, Kun Yeun
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2020.06a
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    • pp.413-413
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    • 2020
  • Godunov형 모형을 이용한 홍수모델링에서는 일반적으로 구조적 사각격자나 비구조적 삼각격자가 주로 적용된다. 2차원 수치모형을 이용한 홍수모델링에서 연구유역의 정보가 격자의 노드나 중심에 입력되므로 적용격자의 유형과 생성방법에 따라 모형의 입력자료 오차에 영항을 줄 수 있다. 따라서, 연구유역이 지형 변동성이 심한 지역이거나 흐름형상이나 흐름변동이 심한 구간이라면, 고해상도 격자를 통해 모형의 입력자료 오차를 최소화할 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 2가지 유형에 대한 연구를 수행하였다, 첫 번째는 홍수해석을 위한 2차원 모형의 격자형상과 해상도에 따른 홍수위 및 홍수범람범위를 비교·분석하는 연구를 수행하였다. 연구유역은 2000년 10월 29일부터 11월 19일까지 홍수가 발생한 영국의 Severn 강 유역이다. 연구유역의 홍수 모델링을 위한 지형자료는 3m 해상도의 LiDAR(Light Detection And Ranging)를 이용하여 구축하였으며, 격자유형 및 해상도에 따른 2차원 홍수위 및 홍수범람범위를 비교·분석하기 위해서 홍수 발생기간 동안 촬영된 4개(2000년 8월 11, 14, 15, 17일)의 ASAR(Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar) 영상자료를 활용하였다. 즉, ASAR 영상으로 촬용된 최대범람시기 및 홍수류의 배수기를 활용하여 최대범람범위뿐만 아니라 홍수가 증가하는 시기와 하류단 배수로 인해 홍수가 감소하는 시기를 모두 포함하는 홍수범람범위에 대한 격자유형별 2차원 홍수범람모형의 계산 결과에 대해 비교하였다. 두 번째는 아마존 강 중류유역의 2,500K㎡ 면적에 해당하는 대규모 유역에 대해 SRTM(Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) 지형자료를 이용하여 홍수기와 갈수기에 대해 2차원 모델링을 수행하고 그 결과를 위성자료와 비교하였다.

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A Study on the Behavior of George Massey Immersed Tunnel during Earthquake (지진 시 George Massey 침매터널의 거동에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Sung-Sik;Moon, Hong-Duk
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.28 no.4C
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    • pp.221-230
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    • 2008
  • The George Massey immersed tunnel passes the Fraser River near Vancouver, Western Canada. The tunnel was founded on sandy soils and its behavior during earthquake was analyzed by an effective stress constitutive model called UBCSAND. This model is able to calculate pore pressure rise and resulting tunnel movements due to cyclic loading. Centrifuge tests conducted at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) were used to verify the model performance. The centrifuge tests consisted of 2 models: Model 1 was designed for an original ground condition, Model 2 for a ground improvement by densification. In Model 1, large deformation of the tunnel was observed due to liquefaction of surrounding soil. Because of the densified zones around the tunnel the vertical and horizontal displacements of the tunnel in Model 2 was 50% less than Model 1. Measured excess pore pressures, accelerations, and displacements from centrifuge tests were in close agreement with the predictions of UBCSAND model. Therefore, the model can be used to predict seismic behavior of immersed tunnels on sandy soils and optimize liquefaction remediation methods.

A review on estimation and comparison of rainfall kinetic energy using disdrometer: a case study of Sangju (광학우적계를 활용한 강우 운동에너지 산정 및 비교에 관한 연구: 상주지역을 중심으로)

  • Yeon, Min Ho;Van, Linh Nguyen;Song, Min Geun;Lee, Gi Ha
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2022.05a
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    • pp.129-129
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    • 2022
  • 국내에서 발생하는 토양침식(soil erosion)은 주로 강우에 의해 발생하며, 이로 인해 농경지 유실, 탁수 발생, 하천 통수능 저하 등 여러 수문학적·환경적 문제가 발생한다. 따라서 유역 내 토양침식 위험지역을 선별하고, 해당 지역의 토양유실 및 유사의 발생량을 산정하는 것은 토양보전 대책 수립 시에 중요한 지표로 활용된다. 침식-유사유출의 물리적 과정은 크게 '강우에 의한 토양 분리(detachment by raindrop)'와 '지표류에 의한 토양 분리(detachment by overlandflow)'로 나눌 수 있으며, 그중 강우에 의한 토양 분리는 수침식(water erosion)의 첫 번째 과정 중 하나로 강우 시 낙하하는 강우 입자들이 갖는 운동에너지가 지표면을 타격할 때 토양체로부터 토양입자가 분리되는 과정이다. 따라서 강우에 의한 토양분리량 산정을 위해서는 강우 운동에너지(rainfall kinetic energy, KE)의 정확한 계산이 요구된다. 그러나 기후 및 지리적 특성 등 여러 조건에 따라 강우 운동에너지는 지역마다 다르게 나타나며, 이로 인해 강우 운동에너지 추정이 매우 어려운 실정이다. 따라서 강우 운동에너지 추정은 주로 강우강도(rainfall intensity, I)와의 관계를 이용한 함수식을 활용한다. 본 연구에서는 대상 지역인 상주지역에 광학우적계(disdrometer)를 설치하여 2020년 6월부터 2021년 12월까지 관측된 37개의 강우 사상에 대하여 KE-I의 관계를 분석하고, 이를 통해 강우 운동에너지식을 도출하였다. 또한, 기존에 국외 및 국내에서 제시된 선형(linear), 멱함수(power-law function), 지수함수(exponential function) 형태의 강우 운동에너지 공식과 본 연구에서 산정된 KE를 비교하였다. 그 결과 비체적 강우 운동에너지에서 Sanchez-Moreno et al. (2012)가 제안한 멱함수 형태의 공식이, 비시간 강우 운동에너지에서 Kinnel (1981)이 제안한 지수함수 형태의 공식이 각각 강우 운동에너지 추정에 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다.

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A Data-driven Multiscale Analysis for Hyperelastic Composite Materials Based on the Mean-field Homogenization Method (초탄성 복합재의 평균장 균질화 데이터 기반 멀티스케일 해석)

  • Suhan Kim;Wonjoo Lee;Hyunseong Shin
    • Composites Research
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    • v.36 no.5
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    • pp.329-334
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    • 2023
  • The classical multiscale finite element (FE2 ) method involves iterative calculations of micro-boundary value problems for representative volume elements at every integration point in macro scale, making it a computationally time and data storage space. To overcome this, we developed the data-driven multiscale analysis method based on the mean-field homogenization (MFH). Data-driven computational mechanics (DDCM) analysis is a model-free approach that directly utilizes strain-stress datasets. For performing multiscale analysis, we efficiently construct a strain-stress database for the microstructure of composite materials using mean-field homogenization and conduct data-driven computational mechanics simulations based on this database. In this paper, we apply the developed multiscale analysis framework to an example, confirming the results of data-driven computational mechanics simulations considering the microstructure of a hyperelastic composite material. Therefore, the application of data-driven computational mechanics approach in multiscale analysis can be applied to various materials and structures, opening up new possibilities for multiscale analysis research and applications.

Analysis on the Effect of Field Width in the Delineation of Planning Target Volume for TomoTherapy (토모테라피에서 계획용표적체적 설정 시 필드 폭 영향 분석)

  • Song, Ju-Young;Nah, Byung-Sik;Chung, Woong-Ki;Ahn, Sung-Ja;Nam, Taek-Keun;Yoon, Mee-Sun;Jung, Jae-Uk
    • Progress in Medical Physics
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.323-331
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    • 2010
  • The Hi-Art system for TomoTherapy allows only three (1.0 cm, 2.5 cm, 5.0 cm) field widths and this can produce different dose distribution around the end of PTV (Planning target volume) in the direction of jaw movement. In this study, we investigated the effect of field width on the dose difference around the PTV using DQA (Delivery quality assurance) phantom and real clinical patient cases. In the analysis with DQA phantom, the calculated dose and irradiated films showed that the more dose was widely spreaded out in the end region of PTV as increase of field width. The 2.5 cm field width showed a 1.6 cm wider dose profile and the 5.0 cm field width showed a 4.2 cm wider dose profile compared with the 1.0 cm field width in the region of 50% of maximum dose. The analysis with four patient cases also showed the similar results with the DQA phantom which means that more dose was irradiated around the superior and inferior end of PTV as an increase of field width. The 5.0 cm field width produced the remarkable high dose distribution around the end region of PTV and we could evaluate the effect quantitatively with the calculation of DVH (Dose volume histogram) of the virtual PTVs which were delineated around the end of PTV in the direction of jaw variation. From these results, we could verify that the margin for PTV in the direction of table movement should be reduced compared with the conventional margin for PTV when the large field such as 5.0 cm was used in TomoTherapy.

Development of Independent Target Approximation by Auto-computation of 3-D Distribution Units for Stereotactic Radiosurgery (정위적 방사선 수술시 3차원적 공간상 단위분포들의 자동계산법에 의한 간접적 병소 근사화 방법의 개발)

  • Choi Kyoung Sik;Oh Seung Jong;Lee Jeong Woo;Kim Jeung Kee;Suh Tae Suk;Choe Bo Young;Kim Moon Chan;Chung Hyun-Tai
    • Progress in Medical Physics
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.24-31
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    • 2005
  • The stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) describes a method of delivering a high dose of radiation to a small tar-get volume in the brain, generally in a single fraction, while the dose delivered to the surrounding normal tissue should be minimized. To perform automatic plan of the SRS, a new method of multi-isocenter/shot linear accelerator (linac) and gamma knife (GK) radiosurgery treatment plan was developed, based on a physical lattice structure in target. The optimal radiosurgical plan had been constructed by many beam parameters in a linear accelerator or gamma knife-based radiation therapy. In this work, an isocenter/shot was modeled as a sphere, which is equal to the circular collimator/helmet hole size because the dimension of the 50% isodose level in the dose profile is similar to its size. In a computer-aided system, it accomplished first an automatic arrangement of multi-isocenter/shot considering two parameters such as positions and collimator/helmet sizes for each isocenter/shot. Simultaneously, an irregularly shaped target was approximated by cubic structures through computation of voxel units. The treatment planning method by the technique was evaluated as a dose distribution by dose volume histograms, dose conformity, and dose homogeneity to targets. For irregularly shaped targets, the new method performed optimal multi-isocenter packing, and it only took a few seconds in a computer-aided system. The targets were included in a more than 50% isodose curve. The dose conformity was ordinarily acceptable levels and the dose homogeneity was always less than 2.0, satisfying for various targets referred to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) SRS criteria. In conclusion, this approach by physical lattice structure could be a useful radiosurgical plan without restrictions in the various tumor shapes and the different modality techniques such as linac and GK for SRS.

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Development and evaluation of a 2-dimensional land surface flood analysis model using uniform square grid (정형 사각 격자 기반의 2차원 지표면 침수해석 모형 개발 및 평가)

  • Choi, Yun-Seok;Kim, Joo-Hun;Choi, Cheon-Kyu;Kim, Kyung-Tak
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.52 no.5
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    • pp.361-372
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study is to develop a two-dimensional land surface flood analysis model based on uniform square grid using the governing equations except for the convective acceleration term in the momentum equation. Finite volume method and implicit method were applied to spatial and temporal discretization. In order to reduce the execution time of the model, parallel computation techniques using CPU were applied. To verify the developed model, the model was compared with the analytical solution and the behavior of the model was evaluated through numerical experiments in the virtual domain. In addition, inundation analyzes were performed at different spatial resolutions for the domestic Janghowon area and the Sebou river area in Morocco, and the results were compared with the analysis results using the CAESER-LISFLOOD (CLF) model. In model verification, simulation results were well matched with the analytical solution, and the flow analyses in the virtual domain were also evaluated to be reasonable. The results of inundation simulations in the Janghowon and the Sebou river area by this study and CLF model were similar with each other and for Janghowon area, the simulation result was also similar to the flooding area of flood hazard map. The different parts in the simulation results of this study and the CLF model were compared and evaluated for each case. The results of this study suggest that the model proposed in this study can simulate the flooding well in the floodplain. However, in case of flood analysis using the model presented in this study, the characteristics and limitations of the model by domain composition method, governing equation and numerical method should be fully considered.

Handling Method for Flux and Source Terms using Unsplit Scheme (Unsplit 기법을 적용한 흐름율과 생성항의 처리기법)

  • Kim, Byung-Hyun;Han, Kun-Yeon;Kim, Ji-Sung
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.42 no.12
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    • pp.1079-1089
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    • 2009
  • The objective of this study is to develop the accurate, robust and high resolution two-dimensional numerical model that solves the computationally difficult hydraulic problems, including the wave front propagation over dry bed and abrupt change in bathymetry. The developed model in this study solves the conservative form of the two-dimensional shallow water equations using an unsplit finite volume scheme and HLLC approximate Riemann solvers to compute the interface fluxes. Bed-slope term is discretized by the divergence theorem in the framework of FVM for application of unsplit scheme. Accurate and stable SGM, in conjunction with the MUSCL which is second-order-accurate both in space and time, is adopted to balance with fluxes and source terms. The exact C-property is shown to be satisfied for balancing the fluxes and the source terms. Since the spurious oscillations in second-order schemes are inherent, an efficient slope limiting technique is used to supply TVD property. The accuracy, conservation property and application of developed model are verified by comparing numerical solution with analytical solution and experimental data through the simulations of one-dimensional dam break flow without bed slope, steady transcritical flow over a hump and two-dimensional dam break flow with a constriction.

Joint Diversion Analysis Using the Dispersion Characteristics of Love Wave and Rayleigh Wave (I) - Constitution of Joint Diversion Analysis Technique - (러브파와 레일리파의 분산특성을 이용한 동시역산해석(I) - 동시역산해석기법의 구성 -)

  • Lee Il-Wha;Joh Sung-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.145-154
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    • 2005
  • Love wave and Rayleigh wave are the major elastic waves belonging to the category of the surface wave. Those waves are used to determine the ground stiffness profile using their dispersion characteristics. The fact that Love wave is not contaminated by P-wave makes Love wave superior to Rayleigh wave and other body waves. Therefore, the information that Love wave carries is more distinct and clearer than that of others. Based on theoretical research, the joint inversion analysis that uses the dispersion information of both Love and Rayleigh wave was proposed. This analysis consists of the forward modeling using transfer matrix, the sensitivity matrix for evaluating the ground system and DLSS (Damped Least Square Solution) as an inversion technique. The technique of joint inversion uses the dispersion characteristics of Love wave and Rayleigh wave simultaneously making the sensitivity matrix. The sensitivity matrix was used for inversion analysis repeatedly to find the approximate ground stiffness profile. The purpose of the joint inversion analysis is to improve accuracy and convergency of inversion results by utilizing that frequency contribution of each wave is different.

Grid Network Analysis for Distributed Rainfall-Runoff Modelling (분포형 강우-유출 모의를 위한 격자 네트워크 해석)

  • Choi, Yun-Seok;Lee, Jin-Hee;Kim, Kyung-Tak
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.41 no.11
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    • pp.1123-1133
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    • 2008
  • It needs to conceptualize watershed with triangular or rectangular elements and to analyze the changes in hydrological components of each element for distributed modeling of rainfall-runoff process. This study is the network analysis of watershed grid for flow routing occurred in each element when analyzing rainfall-runoff process by one-dimensional kinematic wave equation. Single flow direction from D8-method(deterministic eight-neighbors method) is used, and the information of flow direction and flow accumulation are used to determine the computation order of each element. The application theory of finite volume method is suggested for each flow direction pattern between elements, and it is applied it to calculate the flow of each grid. Network analysis method from this study is applied to GRM(Grid based Rainfall-runoff Model) which is physically based distributed rainfall-runoff model, and the results from simplified hypothetical watersheds are compared with $Vflo^{TM}$ to examine the reasonability of the method. It is applied to Jungrangcheon watershed in Han river for verification, and examination of the applicability to real site. The results from Jungrangcheon watershed show good agreement with measured hydrographs, and the application of the network analysis method to real site is proper.