• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.263-287
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• 2009

This paper aims at examining whether the current Korean customs punishment system is appropriate and reasonable for eliminating customs offenses, such as smuggling, and explores ways to improve the penal provisions of customs law. The current multiple fine system, governed by the penalty for evasion of customs duty, penalty for abatement and exemption by fraud or unfair practices and penalty for drawback by fraud or unfair practices, clearly violates a sense of responsibility and the constitutional principle of no excess punishment. Therefore it should be changed to a fixed fine system and confiscate and collect in addition the items with customs evasion and exemption by fraud or unfair practices.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1997.07c
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• pp.816-818
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• 1997

전력사업은 설비사업인 만큼 고객과 밀접한 관계가 있으며, 고객의 지지기반이 없으면 사업을 할 수 없다고 해도 과언이 아니다. 한전 울산지점에서는 공익사업자로서의 국민의 지지기반을 확충하고자 울산 공업탑에 우리나라 최초로 "환경 조명등"을 시설하여 '96. 7. 18 점등식을 갖고 울산시에 기부 체납하는, 차원을 달리하는 새로운 사회사업 활동을 시도한 후 시민 여론조사를 실시한바, "한전의 사회 기여 인지도가 90%이상"으로 나타나는 큰 성과를 거두었으며, 이번 환경 조명등 사업을 시행하면서 경험한 바로 미루어 볼 때 앞으로 전력사업자는 다양한 사회사업을 많이 하는 것이 바람직하고, 또한 이를 통한 고객의 지지기반 구축을 확대 하므로서 전력사업을 발전시켜 나가는 것이 바람직하다고 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.250-252
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• 2019

국내의 전력 산업은 부정확한 전력수요 예측으로 전력부족과 공급과잉의 주기적 반복이 발생하여 전력 과생산, 에너지 낭비, 전력 과소비와 요금 체납 등의 문제가 발생하고 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 LSTM 알고리즘을 사용하여 전력사용량 예측하고, 정량의 전력을 선구입 할 수 있도록 설계하였다. 제안하는 시스템은 스마트그리드 환경과 인공지능으로 정량의 전기를 구입 할 수 없는 기존의 전력 산업 문제를 보완하여 소비자의 전기요금 절감과 에너지 절약이 가능하다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.54-63
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• 2010

The recently-introduced Special Use Permit system is an exceptional approval system for private park developers to develop unexecuted urban park sites into urban parks with the implementation of profit-generating businesses within the boundary of preserving the original function of the park under an agreement with local authorities. This thesis studies the application of this system. This is a feasibility study of cases that have contributed to the acceptance of intended park sites by developing some parts of park sites as public housing, focused on unexecuted urban park areas for the long term in Suwon City based on the Special Use Permit, and creating other sites as park area. First, it has been judged that realization of business is possible at 300 percents of the floor area ratio in case of flatland neighborhood park which has high appraised land values. It is judged that realization of business is possible within a 10 percents size of private land at 200 percents of the floor area ratio in case of woodland and waterside neighborhood parks that have low appraised land values on the outskirts of the city. Second, through working expenses combining compensation and money for park construction, a balance of business profit can be understood within about 50 percents of total expenditures. Because the public contribution ratio by the Special Use Permit can be presumed as about 50 percents of total expenditures, it implies that windfall profits by the Special Use Permit can be adequately collected.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.450-456
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• 2023

Background: This study aims to develop a "Predictive Model for the Possibility of Collection Delinquent Health Insurance Contributions" for the National Health Insurance Service to enhance administrative efficiency in protecting and collecting contributions from livelihood-type defaulters. Additionally, it aims to establish customized collection management strategies based on individuals' ability to pay health insurance contributions. Methods: Firstly, to develop the "Predictive Model for the Possibility of Collection Delinquent Health Insurance Contributions," a series of processes including (1) analysis of defaulter characteristics, (2) model estimation and performance evaluation, and (3) model derivation will be conducted. Secondly, using the predictions from the model, individuals will be categorized into four types based on their payment ability and livelihood status, and collection strategies will be provided for each type. Results: Firstly, the regression equation of the prediction model is as follows: phat = exp (0.4729 + 0.0392 × gender + 0.00894 × age + 0.000563 × total income - 0.2849 × low-income type enrollee - 0.2271 × delinquency frequency + 0.9714 × delinquency action + 0.0851 × reduction) / [1 + exp (0.4729 + 0.0392 × gender + 0.00894 × age + 0.000563 × total income - 0.2849 × low-income type enrollee - 0.2271 × delinquency frequency + 0.9714 × delinquency action + 0.0851 × reduction)]. The prediction performance is an accuracy of 86.0%, sensitivity of 87.0%, and specificity of 84.8%. Secondly, individuals were categorized into four types based on livelihood status and payment ability. Particularly, the "support needed group," which comprises those with low payment ability and low-income type enrollee, suggests enhancing contribution relief and support policies. On the other hand, the "high-risk group," which comprises those without livelihood type and low payment ability, suggests implementing stricter default handling to improve collection rates. Conclusion: Upon examining the regression equation of the prediction model, it is evident that individuals with lower income levels and a history of past defaults have a lower probability of payment. This implies that defaults occur among those without the ability to bear the burden of health insurance contributions, leading to long-term defaults. Social insurance operates on the principles of mandatory participation and burden based on the ability to pay. Therefore, it is necessary to develop policies that consider individuals' ability to pay, such as transitioning livelihood-type defaulters to medical assistance or reducing insurance contribution burdens.