• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.24
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• pp.215-274
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• 2010

Iron-making industries of the country, regardless of age has been the focus. This makes the iron production technology and production techniques that result in increased economic activity and because of the central charge. Therefore, the social development of ancient iron-making technology is based on phase-sensitive. Modern steel making up the monopoly of the country's target under the strict control of production, distribution was. It is essential to produce iron weapons was a threat is because you can keep the throne in the hands of the forces that can cause side effects when I went was to block. This study created a rail Cholbi(iron monument) and the regional distribution pattern of the production, construction background, looked on. Cholbi(iron monument) for the production and recording "the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty" often appear in history books and many academic interests, but was off target. Compared to a stone monument that was not generally as well as the Japanese colonial period and over the course of modernization destroyed, damaged a lot of cases the cause may be found in front. Cholbi(iron monument), except for the gravestones of the Joseon Dynasty monument erected in honor of virtue, as an example of content that dominated a packman business, founding of the school and confirmed that a few were built as a special purpose. Cholbi(iron monument) compared to the production technology or the cost of the monument's difficulty in financing follows. Therefore Cholbi(iron monument) the establishment of the Joseon Dynasty through the background of the economic situation and the local government can look. And iron technology began complaining about the object of history, economic conditions, with the change of season has been a change in people's consciousness tells you. Important data of ancient history as an epigraph that has been as important, the Middle Ages to modern times ranging from newly born to the time Cholbi(iron monument) in the development of the country's documentary subject to change should have been brought. Based on these discussions changes the identity of the hero monument and production inspector, review of production through the Joseon Dynasty period Cholbi (iron monument) contemplated the significance is reflected in production.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.399-409
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• 2009

Outdoor iron artefacts are easily corroded by affection of environmental pollutants directly. Especially they need to be removed $Cl^-$ ions, but outdoor iron artefacts are excluded for desalination owing to their special features. Therefore this study contains the conservation processes of an iron stele of the Joseon Dynasty as the sample as well as desalination experiments that were carried out the desalting method using spill pads and the immersion desalting method together in order to compare. Desalting methods were compared by analyses such as an optical and metallurgical microscope, SEM-EDS, pH meter, Ion Chromatography and X-ray diffraction. As a result of the analysis, the optical and metallurgical microscopy show that the corrosion products are constituted by the layers and the metallurgical microstructure is a white cast iron. The SEM-EDS results of corrosion products detected mainly Fe, O, and especially Cl upto 2.48wt%. The results of pH and anion analysis for the washing solution, the desalting method using spill pads shows the similar effect to the immersion desalting method. As a result of XRD analysis before and after desalting corrosion products, goethite, magnetite, lepidocrocite and akaganeite are detected before desalting, but akaganeite is not detected after desalting at the desalting methode using spill pads, which indicates to have an effect on desalination. Therefore the results show that the desalting method using spill pads has an effect on desalination similar to the immersing desalting method.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.38 no.5 s.174
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• pp.513-523
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• 2005

The contamination of soils and groundwaters in the Dalcheon mine area, Ulsan, is investigated, and a natural attenuation capacity on redox and pH is evaluated. Arsenopyrite, the major source of arsenic pollution in the Dalcheon mine area, is contained up to $2\%$ in tailings. Furthermore, As-bearing minerals such as loellingite, nicolite, rammelsbergite, gersdorffite cobaltite and pyrite are also source of arsenic contamination, which show various concentration of arsenic each other. Surface of pyrite and arsenopyrite in tailings partly oxidized into Fe-arsenates and Fe-oxides, which means a progressive weathering process. There is no relationship between pH and arsenic content in groundwaters, otherwise Eh and arsenic concentration in unsaturated and saturated groundwater shows positive relationship. RMB (Red Mud Bauxite) could be useful as a trigger on natural attenuation due to superior ability of removal capacity of arsenic when contaminated soil and groundwater in the Dalcheon mine area are remediated.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2003

This pot experiment was conducted to find out the forage productivity and mineral contents in an orchardgrass sward affected by the compost, lime, and phosphorus applications on the newly reclaimed and arable pasture soils. This 3rd part was concerned with the effect of phosphorus application($P_{0}$ : control, $P_1$=1.25ｇ, $P_2$=2.50g, $P_3$=3.75g $P_2$$O_{5}$ pot). The results obtained are summarized as fellows; There were considerable differences between the newly reclaimed and arable pasture soils in the soil chemical characteristics as follows in general; poor~common in the newly reclaimed soil and common~good in the arable pasture soil in terms of soil fertility standard. Comparing with the arable pasture soil, the contents of available$ P_2$$O_{5}$ / in the newly reclaimed soil at end of experiment were considerably increased by the $P_2$$O_{5}$ applications, These effects in the newly reclaimed soil were positively influenced by the additional application of compost, but were adversely influenced by the additional application of lime. The seedling vigour and yield of orchardgrass were far better in the arable pasture soil than in the newly reclaimed soil. At the $P_{0}$ treatment, those were very poor in 也e newly reclaimed soil, but were good in the arable pasture soil. Comparing with $P_1$ treatment, the above effects of heavy $P_2$$O_{5}$ / applications($P_2$and $P_3$) were not recognized. On the newly reclaimed soil, the above effects were markedly enhanced by the applications of $P_2$$O_{5}$ with compost. The Ca, Mg, and P contents of orchardgrass were relatively higher on the arable pasture soil than on the newly reclaimed soil, whereas ere were no differences in the K contents.