• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2010

Objectives : To demonstrate the need for differential diagnosis between discogenic pain and lumbar sprain and strain in acute low-back pain patients. Methods : Outpatients who made their first visits during May 1, 2009 to Oct. 30, 2009(n=53) were examined by history taking, physical examination, X-rays, and CT imaging. Disorders found on lumbosacral spine X-ray cuts and those on lumbosacral spine CT images were separately recorded. The relationship between treatment period, disc space narrowing and disc degeneration on X-rays, and HIVD on CT images was examined. Results : 1. Correlation between disc space narrowing on X-rays and HIVD found on CT images was analyzed. 21(72.41%) out of 29 patients having disc space narrowing on X-rays and HIVD on CT at the same level required treatment for over 8 weeks. 2. 2(50%) out of 4 Lawrence classification grade I patients, 8(66.67%) out of 12 grade II patients, and 14(70%) out of 20 grade III patients needed treatment for over 8 weeks. Conclusions : Disc space narrowing on X-ray and HIVD on CT at the same level, or disc space narrowing and disc degeneration on X-ray image alone indicate a tendency for treatment periods over 8 weeks, which is longer than the conventional treatment period for lumbar strain and sprain.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.159-177
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• 2008

Objectives : Crohn's disease is a severe chronic inflammation that is treated mainly by immunosuppression, which often has serious side effects. There is need to develop new therapeutic methods or drugs that have few side effects in order to treat this disease. Acupuncture with Moxi-tar at Cheonchu (ST25) has anti-inflammatory properties, but the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory actions is unclear. We investigated the protective effects and speculated the mechanisms of acupuncture with Moxi-tar at ST25 on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis in mice which is a well known Crohn's disease animal model. Methods : 5 % TNBS was treated at day 1 and day 7 into rectum of mice. To investigate therapeutic effects of acupuncture with Moxi-tar at ST25, acupuncture was carried out on day 3, and day 6. For the data analysis, we observed macroscopic and microscopic findings of the colon. Weight and width of the colon, degree of damage, changes of body weight, and myeloperoxygenase (MPO) activity were checked. For analysing protein expression, we carried out immunohistochemical staining and Western blot. For analysing mRNA expression, RT-PCR was carried out. Results : TNBS induced damages on the colon of mice, while acupuncture of Moxi-tar at ST25 suppressed TNBS mediated damages similar to those on the colons of mice in the control (not treated with TNBS) group. The average body weight of TNBS treated mice (77.4%) was decreased compared with that of the control mice (105%), and acupuncture with Moxi-tar at ST25 suppressed the loss of body weight caused by TNBS (from 77.4% to 95.3%). TNBS induced infiltration of immune cells in all layers of the colon while acupuncture with Moxi-tar at ST25 suppressed infiltration of immune cells caused by TNBS. Furthermore, acupunctured with Moxi-tar at ST25 suppressed macro-, micro- colonic damages caused by TNBS. Acupunctured with Moxi-tar at ST25 dramatically improved the clinical and histopathological symptoms such as the increase in weight of the distal colon and the MPO activity in TNBS-induced colitis. Acupuncture with Moxi-tar at ST25 down-regulated the nuclear transcription factor kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) activity and suppressed tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-1${\beta}$), and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expressions caused by TNBS. Conclusions : Acupuncture with Moxi-tar at ST25 helps recovery from the TNBS-induced colonic damage by down-regulation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity and suppressing of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-1${\beta}$, and ICAM-1 expressions. This may be an important method for the treatment of Crohn's disease.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2002

배경: 흉부 및 흉복부 대동맥 수술시에 발생하는 척수의 허혈성 손상에 의한 신경학적 합병증은 발병 전의 예측이 어려울 뿐만 아니라 중증의 장애를 남기게 된다. 본 연구에서는 허혈성 심근 질환 치료에 쓰이고 있는 Trimetazidine(이하 TMZ)의 척수의 허혈성 손상에 대한 보호 효과를 동물실험모델에서 실험하였다. 대상 및 방법: 다 자란 New-Zealand White Rabbits 33마리를 대조군(Group 1, N-17)과 실험군(Group 2, N=16)으로 나누어 실험하였다. 수술은 대조군에서는 전신마취 후 정중개복하여 좌측 신동맥 기시 직하부위에서 복부대동맥을 혈관 점자로 30분간 폐쇄하여 척수 허혈을 유발하였으며, 실험군에서는 TMZ 3mg/kg을 대동맥 겸자전 투여하였다. 수술 2시간 후, 24시간 후, 48시간 후에 Modified Talrov scale에 의한 운동능력을 평가하였으며 술 후 48시간에 요천추부 척수를 적출하여 조직검사를 시행하였다. 결과: 대조군과 실험군에서 각각 7 마리(17마리 중 10마리 사망)와 11마리(16마리 중 5마리 사망)가 실험 종료가지 생존하여 척수 조직을 채취하였다. Modified Talrov scale은 대조군과 실험군에서 각각 수술 2시간 후 1.13 $\pm$ 1.25와 3.20 $\pm$ 0.77, 24시간 후 1.45 $\pm$ 1.57와 3.50 $\pm$ 0.76, 48시간 후 1.86 $\pm$ 1.86와 3.91 $\pm$ 0.30이었다(p$\leq$0.05). 척수의 조직학적 검사에서는 신경학적 결손이 큰 대조군(Group 1)의 척수조직에서 허혈성 손상이 더 심하게 일어난 것이 관찰되었다. 결론: TMZ은 동물실험에서 척수의 일과성 허혈성 손상에 대하여 통계적으로 유의한 척수 보호효과를 나타내었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.99-106
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• 1982

소형말쥐치를 보다 효율적으로 이용하고 지질을 개선하기 위한 방안으로서 새로운 형태의 조미건제품을 가공하고, 정질의 안전성을 저증시험에 의하여 평가하였다. (1) 두부, 숙장, 표피를 제거한 말쥐치를 fillet로 만든다. 이 fillet에 설탕, 식염, sorbitol, 생합성조미료 등을 배합한 분말조미료를 분포하여 조미한 다음 건조한다. 이것을 polyester/염화 viniliden/미연신 polypropylene ($12{\mu}m/15{\mu}m/50{\mu}m$) 적력film을 사용하여 진공포장한 다음, 조리와 살균을 겸하여 $80^{\circ}C$, 40분간 가열처리하여 제품으로 하였다. (2)이와 같이 조제한 조미건제품을 $35^{\circ}C$에서 약$3\sim4$개월간 저장하고, 그 간의 수분, 수분활성, 색조, torture, 생균수 등의 변화를 측정하였다. (3)제품은 저장중에 수분이 감소하고, 이에 따라 수분활성도 저하하고, 육조직의 경도도 증가하였다. (4)제품은 저장중에 질변하지만, 그 정도는 수분이 낮은 제품쪽이 수분이 많은 제품보다 심하였다. (5)고추가루를 사용한 제품이외는 세균은 검출되지 않았다. 고추가루를 사용한 제품에서는 세균이 검출되었지만 저장기간중 생균수는 증가하지 않았다. 따라서 이들 제품은 실온에서 $3\sim4$개월간 저장가능한 것이라고 판단하였다. (6) 관능검사결과로 보아 열품의 색조는 담황색인것 보다 약간 갈색을 핀 것이 좋았고, 육조직은 수분이 낮은 것 보다 높은 쪽이 유연하고 좋았다. 또한, 향미는 smoke flavor를 사용한 제품보다 beef flavor를 사용한 쪽이 더욱 좋았다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.397-409
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• 2007

Owing to needs of biomechanical comprehension and analysis to obtain various medical treatment designs which are related with the spine in order to cure and diagnose LBP patients, the FE modeling and nonlinear analysis of lumbosacrum including a partial ilium and iliolumbar ligaments, were carried out. First, we investigated whether the geometrical configuration of vertebrae displayed by DICOM slice files is regular and normal condition. After constructing spinal vertebrae including a partial ilium, a sacrum and five lumbars (from L1 to L5)with anatomical shape reconstructed using softwares such as image modeler and CAD modeler, we added iliolumbar ligaments, lumbar ligaments, discs and facet joints, etc.. And also, we assigned material property and discretized the model using proper finite element types, thus it was completely modeled through the above procedure. For the verification of each segment, average sagittal ROM, average coronal ROM and average transversal ROM under various loading conditions(${\pm}10Nm$), average vertical displacement under compression(400N), ALL(Anterior Longitudinal Ligament) and PLL(Posterior Longitudinal Ligament) force at L12 level, strains of seven ligaments on sagittal plane at L45 level and maximal strain of disc fibers according to various loading conditions at L45 level, etc., they were compared with experimental results. For the verification of multilevel-lumbosacrum spine including partial ilium and iliolumbar ligaments, the cases with and without iliolumbar ligaments were compared with ROM of experiment. The results were obtained from analysis of the verified FE model as follows: I) Iliolumbar ligaments played a stabilizing role as mainly posterior iliolumbar ligaments under flexion and as both posterior and anterior iliolumbar ligaments of one side under lateral bending. 2) The iliolumbar ligaments decreased total ROM of 1-8% in total model according to various motion conditions, which changed facet contact forces of L5S level by approximately 0.8-1.4 times and disc forces of L5S level by approximately 0.8-1.5 times more than casewithout ilioligaments, under various loading conditions. 3) The force of lower discs such as L45 and L5S was bigger than upper discs under flexion, left and right bending and left and right twisting, except extension. 4) It was predicted that strains of posterior ligaments among iliolumbar ligaments would produce the maximum 16% under flexion and the maximum 10% under twisting. 5) It's expected that this present model applies to the development and design of artificial disc, since it was comparatively in agreement with the experimental datum.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.66-71
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• 2012

목적: 천골에 발생한 척색종의 치료결과 분석을 통해 생존율 및 종양의 국소조절과 연관된 예후인자에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1990년 1월부터 2010년 2월까지 본원에서 치료받은 19예를 대상으로 하였다. 평균연령은 56세였으며 남자9예, 여자 10예였다. 15명의 환자에서 후방접근법을 이용한 절제술을 시행하였으며 4명의 환자는 방사선 치료만을 시행하였다. 종양의 위치가 S3 보다 근위부를 침범한 경우가 6예였으며 이중 4예에서 방사선 치료만을 시행하였다. 광범위 절제 6예, 변연부 절제 8예, 병소내 절제 1예였다. 평균 추시 기간은 63개월(25-144개월)이었다. 결과: 5년 무병 생존율 및 전체 생존율은 각각 34.7%, 79.7%였다. 재발은 9예, 원격전이는 7예에서 발생하였다. 생존율에 관계된 예후 인자는 종양의 제3천추 상방 침범유무(p=0.033), 종양의 크기(p=0.032)였다. 수술 후 합병증으로 배뇨 및 배변 장애가 발생한 경우가 9예였으며 이중 2예에서는 자가도뇨 시행이 필요하거나 중증의 요실금이 발생하였다. 결론: 종양의 절제 가능성 여부와 더불어 전반적인 환자상태와 수술 후 발생 가능한 합병증을 고려한 치료방법의 선택이 생존율과 함께 삶의 질을 높일 수 있는 방법으로 생각된다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.274-307
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• 2002

The TLSO was customized for this study in OO ortho-prosthesis institute from Jan. 1th., 2000 to Dec. 31th., 2000 and in order to measure effects of TLSO. 20 females in a growth period applicable to medical care took part in this study, they were on accidental spine scoliosis (From $15^{\circ}to35^{\circ}$). They were consisted of Group I(10 chest-bend) and Group II (10 dual-bend). The results were follows: 1. It showed the average difference in height by 1.37cm, 3.14cm in comparison between before and after TLSO, before and after one year and they were also statistically available(p < .05). 2. It showed the average difference in Cobb angle of a chest and waist by ($-10.95^{\circ},-8.50^{\circ}$), between before and right after TLSO. The results means that the Cobb angle of the chest and weist at right after TLSO was largely decreased, and it was also statistically available(p < .05). 3. It showed the difference in Cobb angle of the chest waist by $-9.50^{\circ},-7.35^{\circ} $ between before and one year after TLSO. It means that the Cobb angle of the chest and waist at the one year after TLSO was largely decreased, and it was also statistically available(p < .05). 4. It showed the difference in Cobb angle of the chest and waist by $2.34^{\circ},2.15^{\circ} $ between the right after and the one year after. TLSO, but the change of Cobb angle of the chest was regularly constant by a little increased, and it was also statistically available(p < .05). 5. In the measurement of the change of Cobb angle of the chest and waist according to the taking time on TLSO, it showed the slightest change in 10 people on TLSO for 23 hours by $13.30^{\circ},11.20^{\circ}$ , the change in 6 people on TLSO for 16 hours by $14.75^{\circ},12.67^{\circ}$, the change in 4 people on TLSO for 8 hours by $16.83^{\circ},14.00^{\circ} $ in this order. It means that the longer time on TLSO was to be the smaller the Cobb angle of the chest and waist, but it was not statistically available.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.139-149
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristic of low back pain(LBP) and lumbosacral-pelvic alignments, and the relationship between them, depending on the presence and the duration of LBP. Methods : Ninety six patients were classified into the no LBP group(n=31), the acute LBP group(n=33) and the chronic LBP group(n=32), based on the presence and duration of LBP. In each group, lumbosacral-pelvic indicators were measured. The data were analysed by one way analysis of variance(ANOVA) and pearson correlation. Results : 1. The chronic LBP group showed the lower mean value in Ferguson angle, Lumbar lordosis angle, Pelvic Incidence and difference between left and right iliac height, being compared to acute LBP group. 2. There was not significant correlation between lumbosacral-pelvic alignments and LBP in every group. 3. A positive correlation was found among period of LBP and visual analogue scale(VAS), Oswestry disability index(ODI). Conclusions : For presence and duration of LBP, there were different characteristic values in descriptive statistics. And period of LBP is the most important factor for the degree of LBP. These results show that the lumbosacral-pelvic alignments and LBP have distinctive relationships depending on the duration of LBP.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.109-119
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• 1988

주요 단백질원이 북양어분(White fish meal)인 뱀장어용 배합사료에 각종 무기물질중 Co per와 Manganese에 대한 첨가 적양을 검토하기 위한 뱀장어 사육실험을 실시하였다. Cu 첨가 사육실험 결과, 5 $\mu$g/g 첨가구가 성장 및 사료효율이 가장 좋았고, 다소 비만도가 높은 결과를 보였다. 한편 가장 높은 농도인 20 $\mu$g/g 실험구에서 Cu에 의한 약해는 나타나지 않았으며, 무첨가구는 첨가 실험구보다 간 중양이 다소 낮은 경향을 보였다. 그리고 근육 및 간에서의 Cu 함양, 골격에서의 Al 함양은 사육중 Cu 함양에 비례하여 증가하며, 간에서의 Zn 함양은 반비례하였다. Mn 첨가 사육실험 결과, 20$\mu$g/g 첨가구에서 가장 종은 성장을 나타내었으며, 40$\mu$g/g 첨가구에서 사료효율이 가장 좋았다. 근육, 간 그리고 골격의 Mn 함양 및 간의 Cu 함양은 Mn 첨가양에 비례하여 증가하였다. 이상의 결과를 볼 때 북양어분을 주 단백질원으로 하는 뱀장어용 배합사료에 Cu 및 Mn의 적정 첨가양은 각각 5$\mu$g/g과 30$\mu$g/g 정도가 적합하다고 사료된다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.66-88
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• 1998

This study was performed from March to September 1997 on 95 healthy students to observe the effects of acupuncture at Hap-kok (LI4) according to the meridian and qi-xue(氣血) phenomenon of oriental medicine's theory. Skin temperature on the Hap-kok (LI4) and Chun-Choo (ST25) were measured by D. 1. T. I. (Digital Infrared Thermograph Imaging) before acupuncture stimulation and 1min, 10 min after acupuncture stimulation. 1. In healthy students, the left and right mean temperature of LI4 and ST25 was $29.04\;^{\circ}C,\;29.12\;^{\cir}C\;and\;30.29\;^{\circ}C,\;30.22\;^{\circ}C$ respectively. 2. In control group, the time dependent changes for 10 min of LI4 and ST25 were $-0.32\;^{\circ}C,\;-0.36\;^{\circ}C\;and\;-0.5\;^{\circ}C,\;-0.46\;^{\circ}C$ respectively, however, the thermal differences of both sides LI4 and ST25 were not changed for 10 min. 3. In acupuncture stimulation of both sides LI4, the time dependent changes of ST25 were $-0.13\;^{\circ}C,\;-0.06\;^{\circ}C$, and the thermal differences of both sides ST25 were reduced, but not changed significantly. In acupuncture stimulation of right side LI4, the time dependent changes of LI4 were $-0.1\;^{\circ}C,\;-0.32\;^{\circ}C$ respectively, and the thermal differences of both sides LI4 were increased more than control, but not significantly. Also, that of ST25 were changed by $-0.69\;^{\circ}C,\;-0.63\;^{\circ}C$ respectively, but not significantly. 4. In acupuncture stimulation group, it was classified following the thermal differences of both sides LI4 and ST25, and the effects of acupuncture were observed by changes of classification. The acupuncture of both sides LI4 results in temperature of the left side ST25 to be high after acupuncture. The acupuncture of right side LI4 results in increased ratio of the left side higher than right LI4. The above results indicates that D. I. T. I. was a useful method to observe follow-up the effects and changes by acupuncture stimulation on objective evaluation of phenomenon for the meridian system. Thus, acupuncture on LI4 affects to thermal changes of ST25 and LI4, but exact examination of thermal changes on ST25 will have to be.