• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2011.03a
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• pp.53-53
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• 2011

Poly(lactic acid)(이하 PLA라 칭함)는 1970-80년대의 초기 연구에서는 높은 제조비용과 희귀성에 의해 봉합사와 약물전달시스템으로 용도가 제한적이었으나 1980년대를 거쳐 1990년 이후 농업의 혁신적인 변화를 거쳐 옥수수의 다양한 측면의 이용의 하나로서 6-7년 전부터 양산화에 성공하여, 의류, 필름 및 플라스틱의 여러 가지 분야에서 적용가능성을 모색하고 있다. PLA의 장점은 석유가 아닌 천연 원료에서 얻을 수 있으며, 기존의 합성섬유와는 달리 일정한 조건하에서 미생물 등에 의해 물과 이산화탄소로 90% 이상 분해되는 친환경적인 소재이다. 합성섬유에서 의류용으로 대부분 사용되는 폴리에스테르(이하 PET라 칭함)와 유사한 물성을 가지고 있는 PLA섬유는 PET섬유와 유사한 분산염료로 염색할 수 있다. 따라서 PLA섬유는 분산염료에 의한 염색법을 중심으로 연구되어지고 있으나, PET 섬유의 융점이 $254^{\circ}C$부근인 반면, PLA섬유는 $160-170^{\circ}C$부근이다. 이로 인해 PLA를 섬유로 용도전개에 있어서 약점으로 작용하고 있다. 그러나 PLA섬유는 특유의 경량감과 새로운 촉감 등의 많은 장점을 지니고 있어 여러 가지 용도전개가 되어지고 있다. 초음파는 사람이 들을 수 없는, 사람마다 한계값은 다르지만, 주파수 약 25kHz이상의 음파를 말하며, 주파수가 높고 파장이 짧기 때문에 강한 진동을 수반한다. 초음파의 이용 원리는 Cavitation이라는 현상으로 생성된 기포가 터지면서 강력한 에너지를 방출한다. 이것은 강력하여 사방으로 퍼져 물질표면이나 내부에 영향을 미친다. 섬유에서는 표면에 뭍은 불순물을 제거하는 세정 등에 응용되고 있으며, 염색분야에서도 다양하게 연구되어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 초음파에 의한 PLA섬유의 염색성을 조사하였다. PLA섬유를 정련하여 초음파작용의 유무에 따라 염색하여 그 결과를 고찰하였다. 초음파 작용에 따른 분산염료의 표면 색변화는 없었으며, 섬유 표면 색 농도의 차이는 초음파 작용에 의하여 저온에서는 차이가 나타나지만, 고온인 $80^{\circ}C$에서는 오히려 낮아졌다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.590-597
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• 2013

This study examined the change in the dyeability of natural dyes on cotton fabrics by a PEI (polyethyleneimine) pretreatment instead of mordants. Cotton fabrics were treated with PEI and the changes in the dyeability were shown by measuring the amount of PEI on cotton fabrics. Samples treated with PEI were dyed with two natural polychromatic dyes with a different affinity to cotton fibers: Alizarin Red S and Curcumin. The changes in dyeability by three variables (time, temperature and concentration of dyes) on cotton fabrics were analyzed by the K/S value to define optimum dyeing conditions. Subsequently, the PEI treatment improved the dyeability of cotton fabrics with both dyes of low and high affinity to cotton fibers. Thus, PEI could be a suitable heavy metal mordant replacement.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.87-97
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• 2022

This study investigated the dyeability and color change of the natural dyes of SeaCell, a biodegradable functional fiber that is permanently added to cellulose fibers with natural additives extracted from seaweeds. The natural dyes used in the study are five dyes. Gardenia and turmeric, which are yellow-based natural dyes, Sappan wood and Lac, which are red-based natural dyes, and Indigo, a blue-based natural dye, were selected. The dyeability and color change according to the change of the mordant conditions and the number of times of dyeing were investigated. In addition, the dyeing properties and colors of cotton and silk fibers were compared under the same dyeing conditions as SeaCell. The study results are as follows. It was found that SeaCell had lower dyeing properties than silk, a protein fiber, in gardenia, sappan wood, and lac dyes, but had higher dyeing properties than cotton with the same cellulose component as SeaCell fibers. In the case of turmeric, it showed higher dyeing properties than cotton except for the no mordant condition. In the case of Indigo dye, SeaCell shows the best dyeability, indicating that it is a very suitable fiber for Indigo dyeing. As sustainable functional fibers are continuously developed in the future, natural dyes that are environmentally friendly and human-friendly are actively introduced and commercialized, and it is expected that they can be used as reference materials.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1315-1321
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• 2009

The chemical composition of natural powder dye $Pinux^{TM}$ manufactured from Pinus radiata bark and dyeability of dyed silk fabrics with $Pinux^{TM}$ were examined. It is made up of the optimum dyeing condition of silk fabric according to the dyeing concentration, dyeing time, and dyeing temperature. Also, we examined the colorfastness and antibiosis of dyed silk fabrics to washing, rubbing, perspiration and light. For the analysis of the chemical composition of $Pinux^{TM}$, the total contents of phenolic compound, proanthocyanidin(PA) and anti-oxidative activities of the dye were analyzed. As a result, it was found that the main components of the $Pinux^{TM}$ manufactured from Pinus radiata bark is proanthocyanidin, mostly a flavonoid containing a procyanidin structure, and it consists of approximately 63% phenol. As a result of examining the dyeability of silk fabrics with $Pinux^{TM}$, it showed that the dyeability was best under the conditions of the concentration of dye $1{\sim}1.5%$(wt/v%), dyeing time of 90 minutes, and dyeing temperature at $90^{\circ}C$. It was found that the colorfastness of dyed silk fabrics, colorfastness to washing, perspiration for acidic and rubbing were as good as grade 4 or 4-5. However, the colorfastness to light was low at grade 1, the same as the results of other natural dyed fabrics. As a result of the antibiosis measurement for the $Pinux^{TM}$-dyed silk fabrics, it showed high antibacterial properties to Staphylococcus sureus at 99.6%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1301-1307
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• 2002

This paper surveys the mordanting and dyeing properties of Rubia akane Nakai appropriate extraction, dyeing and mordanting conditions of Rubia akane Nakai were determined, and the effect of mordanting method on dye uptake and color fastness of the dyed fabric was investigated. The optimum temperature to extract Rubia akane Nakai was during 1 hour in 8$0^{\circ}C$. The effective dyeing temperature and time of silk were 8$0^{\circ}C$, 1hour. The silk fabrics dyed with purpurin appeared red color, with alizarine appeared yellow-brown and with Rubia akane Nakai appeared yellow orange. K/S value of the dyeing fabrics was increased by pre-mordanting treatment. Mordant as Sn and Fe was better than anything else in K/S value. Mordanting treatment method affected color change of the dyed silk. In the case of Rubia akane Ntkai light fastness was increased by Fe and Al mordant treatment, Perspiration fastness of Rubia akane Nakai appeared more than 3 grades geneally. Fastness of abrasion and dry-cleaning appeared mon than 4～5 grades and these fastness improvement were generally effective for post-mordanting treatment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.411-412
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• 2003

1990년 초 일본의 Shingosen이 출현 이후, 합성 섬유가 갖는 일련의 장점을 유지하면서 천연섬유의 특성을 모방한 폴리에스테르 극세섬유의 등장으로 고급화 및 차별화 된 폴리에스테르 섬유의 상품 추구가 가능하게 되었다. 근래에 와서 통상적인 방법으로 얻어지는 극세사(Micro fiber)는 약 1d이며, 현재에는 보통사와는 전혀 다른 고도의 유연성$\boxUl$ 촉감, 외관을 가지는 0.3d이하의 공업적 방사도 가능하게 되었다. (중략)

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.40-46
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• 1994

In order to study the properties of cochineal color, variation of uv, visible spectra by pH, dyeing properties on the silk in several dyeing conditions and thermodynamic parameter were investigated. Cochineal colors had an unusual to pH, especially had instability in alkali condition. An increase in the dyeing temperature and in time resulted in an increase in the dye content of silk fibers. Concentration of cochineal color in the silk fiber was related to pH and the maximum exhaustion of cochineal colors showed at about pH 3. The value of apparent diffusion coefficients and standard affinities of dyeing increased with the increase of dyeing temperature. The standard heats of dyeing(ΔH°), variation of entropy(ΔS°) and activation energy(E/sub act/) were caculated to be -1.72kcal/mo1, -3.77cal/mo1ㆍdeg and 1.26kcal/mo1, respectively. Silk fabrics were dyed bright red by tin chloride, reddish purple by copper sulfate, and bluish gray by iron sulfate, respectively. Lightfastness of silk fabrics mordanted by metal ion was weak.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.239-247
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• 2000

The coloring matter was extracted from the heartwood of Amur cork tree by distilled water. Change of UV-Visible spectra of coloring matter solution by extraction condition and stability for irradiation were determined, and the effect of repeated dyeing with condition of dyebath and mordanting method on shade depth and lightfastness were also investigated. The results are as follows : 1) Absorbance of Amur cork tree extract increased with the lapse of extraction time. λmax of color solution extracted from Amur cork tree was found at 420, 333, and 262nm. 2) Absorbance of Amur cork tree extract decreased remarkably after 2hr irradiation. 3) The K/S of silk fabrics increased with the increase of dyeing temperature, time, amounts of Amur cork tree for extraction, and pH of color solution. 4) K/S of silk fabrics dyed by repeated dyeing method was affected by pH and concentration of color solution. 5) Lightfastness of silk twice dyed with Amur cork tree extract after pre-mordanted by 8%(o.w.f) chromium acetate was moderately improved.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.39-49
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• 1999

In order to study the properties of cochineal colors, uv-visible spectra of cochineal colors solution, dyeing properties on the wool in several dyeing conditions and thermodynamic parameters were investigated. UV-visible spectra of cochineal colors solution showed hypochromic effect with the lapse of irradiation time but bathochromic shift with decreasing acidity of solution and addition of metallic ions. The concentration of cochineal colors in wool fiber increased with the increase of dyeing temperature, time, and acidity of initial dyebath. The value of apparent diffusion coefficients and standard affinities of dyeing decreased with the increase of dyeing temperature. The standard heats of dyeing$(\Delta{H}^\circ)$ and variation of entropy$(\Delta{S}^\circ)$ increased with the increase of concentration of initial dyebath. The activation energy$(E_a)$ were calculated to be 1.399~2.595kcal/mol in condition of 6~1%(o.w.f) dyebath. Wool fabrics were dyed reddish blue by iron sulfate, copper sulfate, aluminum acetate and tannic acid, and red by tin chloride, respectively. Lightfastness of wool fabrics dyed by cochineal colors were increased by mordant treatment, especially copper sulfate and iron sulfate treatment.

• Clean Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2004

The leather was fixed with various colors through the dyeing process in leather manufacturing. During the dyeing process, the amount of 30~50% dyestuff which were not bonded with leather drained with waste water. These dyestuff raise lots of environmental problems, so technology for improving the fixing effect, levelling effect and penentration effect with the use of small amount of dyestuff has been required. Also, insufficient color fastness level 2~3 grade for common natural leather needs to be improved at the same time. Accordingly, the use of ultrasound(us) in dyeing process has decreased the amount of dyestuff and obtained the smooth permeability effect. So, we could find that the reduction of amount of dyestuff in wastewater led to decrease in environmental trouble caused by leather waste water with severe contamination degree and improved fastness up to 0.5 grades.