• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.397-406
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• 2015

The different compliance concentration of effluent limit is applied to effluent discharged from public sewage treatment works(PSTWs) in each watershed on the basis of water quality thereof in accordance with the enforced Watershed Sewer System Maintenance Plan in 2013. It is necessary to set the compliance concentration of effluent limit for PSTWs in watershed sewer system, in order to achieve water quality criteria for regional watersheds or target water quality under TMDL program. Watershed Environmental Agencies establish the Watershed Sewer System Maintenance Plan and set the compliance concentration of effluent limit for PSTWs under the plan. The agencies have a plan to apply strengthened effluent BOD concentration limits for PSTWs in I to IV area grade, respectively. Effluent BOD concentration limits will be strengthened from 5~10 mg/L to 3 mg/L in II~III area grade, from 10 mg/L to 5 mg/L in IV area grade. Uniform application of effluent BOD concentration limits to PSTWs in the watershed sewer system need to be complemented considering type of sewage treatment technology employed and watershed characteristics. Therefore, this study presents assessment methodology which analyze for the compliance concentration of effluent limit to affect water quality of discharge watershed using simulation model for the Jinwee-stream watershed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.25-42
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• 1994

The traffic forecast is one of the most important analysis objects in the urban transportation planning process. The results of traffic forecast are the most widely used informations and give a critical influence on the major decision makings in the transportation planning process. Thus, they should be as much accurate and credible data, and evaluated to determine whether they are enough reliable to directly use in the planning process. However, the evaluation process is usually overlooked or abbreviated with a few exceptions according to the size and character of the project. Even though a planner or engineer tries to evaluate the assignment results, he/she is usually faced with certain difficulties since there are no established criteria and methods for the accuracy evaluation. Accordingly, the main purpose of this research placed on establishing the criteria and methods for the accuracy evaluation of the assignment results. The secondary purpose was to evaluate which assignment technique produces the most accurate assignment results by applying the established evaluation criteria and methods to an actual network. The research found that the proposed evaluation methods well operated in testing the accuracy of assignment results with few limits on application. Also, the incremental assignment was found to provide the best assignment results of existing assignment techniques (Stochastic, Iterative, Incremental, Equilibrium assignment) for the Seoul city network applied.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.63-71
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• 1989

The objective of this study is to enhance the reliability of the computed results by setting up of an improved treatments onto the open boundary condition for tidal motion in finite domain. By the $L^2-norm$ and RMS error tests, it was revealed that Sommerfeld's radiating condition gives better result than a forced boundary condition. In the numerical tests for a long wave in a simplified rectangular bay, it was found that the computational accuracy of the newly improved technique to the Sommerfeld condition, suggested in this study with the 2 dimensional shallow finite element model, could be improved by 30% of RMS error to the existing Sommerfeld condition.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.45-58
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• 2005

Temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, COD, dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), and chlorophyll were measured in the surface and bottom waters of Cheonsu Bay in April, August, December 2003, and Hay 2004. DIN showed a large seasonal variation, with higher values in summer and lower in spring. The significant decrease in DIN concentration was observed from April to May, which may imply the occurrence of spring phytoplankton bloom sometime in these periods. In contrast, DIP did not show distinct seasonal variation, with relatively low values compared with other coastal regions. The low DIP concentration in Cheonsu Bay is ascribed to a limited phosphorus input around Cheonsu Bay. The Nf ratios of Cheonsu Bay much higher than the Redfield ratio(16) in all season indicate that phytoplankton growth is limited by phosphorus. Based on low chlorophyll concentrations and eutrophication index, Cheonsu Bay has not been in eutrophic condition during our observation periods. In the artificial lakes located around Cheonsu Bay, however, chlorophyll concentrations were very high, mostly over $10{\mu}g\;l^{-1}$, indicating that they are now in severe eutrophic condition.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.119-143
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• 2011

Recently, Information System (IS) development projects such as the next generation IS project of the financial business domain have shown tendency to become large and complex. Accordingly, a large number of enterprises have introduced a Project Management Office (PMO) to successfully manage multiple complex large-scaled projects. Many researches and empirical studies have proved the positive results of PMO-based projects. For example, most PMO-based projects have been accomplished successfully without exceeding the planned deadline and budget. However, even in the case of PMO-based projects, participants are still supported by legacy Project Management Systems (PMS) developed without considering the PMO. It implies that recent large projects are hardly performed efficiently because of the large gap between the legacy PMS tools developed only for single small projects and the real process of PMO-based project management. Therefore, we attempt to design and develop a PMO-based PMS in which the role and responsibility of PMO are completely implemented. To demonstrate our systems practicality, we applied the devised system to the real project management cases of "K" bank in The Republic of Korea. According to the results of case analysis, all of the four projects supported by our PMO-based PMS have been completed without exceeding planned deadline and budget, and the quality of their final outcome is appraised to be superior.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.301-305
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• 2013

This thesis intends to analyze tooth distortion by mandibular arch form by reproducing existing panorama image and reconstructed panorama image of Cone Beam CT data with the three-dimensional computer program. The diameter of tooth measured in Cone Beam CT's cross-section image and reconstructed panorama was synchronized without any big change from incisors to posteriors. But, panorama showed serious distortion as going to posteriors after showing a little distortion in incisors. The panorama reconstructed for patients' individual arch showed reduced distortion than panoramas used generally. In addition, panorama showed serious distortion from incisors to posteriors and it means that distortion is reduced in reconstructed panorama.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.247-247
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• 2021

국내외적으로 하도 내의 흐름을 해석하기 위해 다양한 2차원 흐름해석 모형이 적용되고 있다. 2차원 흐름해석 모형은 기존의 1차원 흐름 해석 모형에서 해석하기 어려운 확산형 홍수파 해석에 강점을 가지고 있어 도심 하천의 외수 범람 예측 등에도 사용되고 있다. 하지만 복잡한 지형 형상을 어떻게 격자로 구성하는가에 따라 해석의 효율성과 정확성이 크게 좌우된다. 초기의 2차원 흐름해석 모형은 주로 정형격자 기반의 단순한 셀을 제작하여 구동되었다. 하지만 매우 빠른 유속과 복잡한 형상을 반영하기 위해서는 전체 격자를 조밀하게 구성할 필요가 있으므로 계산 효율이 떨어지는 문제점이 있다. 그렇기 때문에 대안으로 삼각망과 혼합망 등 비정형 격자를 사용하여 필요한 구역만 격자를 조밀하게 구성하는 방법을 사용하고 있지만 이 방법 또한 추가적인 계산 과정에 따른 계산 시간의 증가가 필연적이다. 따라서 최근에는 정형격자와 비정형격자에 대하여 wet-dry front matrix 최적화, 절점제거법 등 다양한 기법을 통하여 계산 효율을 향상시키고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 HLLC Rimann solver와 2차 정확도 기법인 MUSCL-Hancock Method를 적용한 유한체적기반 천수방정식을 기반으로 다양한 격자 구성에 따른 2차원 흐름해석 모형의 효율성 분석을 수행하고, 이를 통해 최적의 흐름해석 방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.541-548
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• 2009

The Dongrae thermal water area located at the southeastern marginal part of the Korean Peninsula is one of the oldest hot springs in Korea. The Dongrae thermal water shows Na-Cl type of water chemistry, whereas the shallow cold groundwater is Ca(-Na)-$HCO_3$ type. In this paper, we discuss the age of the Dongrae hot spring, i.e. groundwater cycle among meteoric water-surface water-shallow groundwater-hot spring water. The $^{87}Sr/^{86}Sr$ ratios of the thermal water in Dongrae area range from 0.705663 to 0.705688 and are lower than those of groundwater, surface water and rain water as well as aquifer bearing granite. These Sr isotopic signatures in the Dongrae thermal water indicate that the circulation rate between thermal water and current meteoric water including groundwater, surface water and rain water in the Dongrae area should be very slow. The $^{14}C$ age of the Dongrae hot spring water range from $1,271{\pm}36$ BP(before present) to $2,467{\pm}36$ BP whereas that of the shallow groundwater is $-495{\pm}33$ BP. This suggests that the period of groundwater cycle among meteoric water, surface water, shallow groundwater and hot spring should be more than 1,270 years. Then, it also indicates that the present Dongrae hot spring may be a mixed water between the old thermal water heated for at least 1,270 years and the present shallow cold groundwater.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.231-268
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• 2007

재일본규주황한의학적전통의학지전신취시중국전통의학적지식(在日本叫做皇漢醫學的傳統醫學之前身就是中國傳統醫學的知識). 16세기이래(16世記以來), 일본불단수도이개조중국의학적최신성과(日本不斷收到而改造中國醫學的最新成果), 동양원류우부동홍류적한방의학체계점점형성적과정전후(同樣源流又不同洪流的漢方醫學體系점점形成的過程前后), 출현료4개학문유파(出現了4個學問流派). 저취시(저就是)"후세파(后世派)"."고방파(古方派)"."절충파(折衷派)"."고증파(考證派)". 소우호세파(소于호世派), 논자이경재대한한의학원전학회지적제19권3호상보고료(논者已경在大한한의학原典학회紙的第19卷3호上보告了), 본논문시연속적연구성과(本논文是연속的硏究成果). 종이재본논문상(종而在本논文上), 이한국적이정환(以한국的李政桓), 백유상(白裕相), 정창현등적연구여중국양영적연구위기초(丁彰炫等的硏究與中國梁嶸的硏九爲基礎), 요개략지보고일본의학방면상적‘고방파’(要槪略地報告日本의학方面上的'古方派'). "고방파"지칭부정근세송명의학이지지지한대장중경적"상한잡병론"지일본의가("古方派"指稱否定近世宋明醫學而只支持漢代張仲景的"傷寒雜病論"之日本醫家). 일반"상한론"전파우일본적실정시대(一般"傷寒論"傳播于日本的室町時代), 명응년간(明應年間)(1492${\sim}$1500)판정운재명유학후(阪淨運在明留학후), 타회도일본적시후(他回到日本的시候), 종명수입(종明수入)"상한잡병론(傷寒雜病論)", 이후일본후세한의칭송료이관동지역적영전덕본(以후日本후世漢醫칭송了以關東地域的永田德本)(1513-1603)위(爲)"고방파적선구자(古方派的先구者)". 도강호시대재일본학술계출현료복고사조(到江戶時代在日本學術係出現了復古思潮). 이등인제(伊藤仁劑)(1627${\sim}$1705)앙망료유학적경전(仰望了儒學的經典), 이차적극지주장료의학적복고(而且積極地主張了醫學的復古), 이후적생조래(以후荻生組徠)(1666${\sim}$1728)대우복여성인적학문부단노력(對于復與聖人的學問不斷努力). 인차복고적학문재덕천시대성위일대학파(因此復古的學問在德川時代成爲一代學派), 18세기상반기시전성시기(18世紀上半期是全盛시期). 주요의가시명고옥현의(主要醫家是名古屋玄議)(1628${\sim}$1696), 후등양산(後藤양山)(1659${\sim}$1733), 산협동양(山脅東洋), 병하천민(병河天民)(1679${\sim}$1719), 송원유악(松原維嶽)(1689${\sim}$1765), 향천수암(香川修庵)(1683${\sim}$1755), 타문복고적유학영향도흔다의학방면(他문復古的儒學影향到흔多의학方面). 중요의가길익동동(重要醫家吉益東洞)(1702${\sim}$1773)도후대피평위고방적'태두'(到后代被평위古方的'泰斗'), 동시'마귀'(同시'魔鬼'). 인차본논문소우황한의학지중"후세파"여반대후세파적"고방파"(因此本論文소于皇漢醫學之中"后世派"與反대后世派的"古方派"), 통과학파명칭여역사지위(通過學派名稱與歷史地位), 주요의가적생애(主要醫家的生涯), 학술적요지(學術的要旨), 저서등(著書等), 이연구병보고타문적학문주장(以硏究병報告他們的學問主張). 이차진저차궤회(而且진저次机회), 상회고아문한의학연착여하역사적궤적(想回고我문韓醫學沿着如何歷史的軌跡).

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.32-42
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• 2002

The late Quaternary deposit of Cheonsu Bay, up to 20 m in thickness above the Jurassic granite basement, consists of two sedimentary units: an upper Holocene mud and sandy mud deposit (Unit M1), and a lower late Pleistocene sand and mud deposit (Unit M2; 'Kanweoldo Deposit&apos). Unit M1 is a typical Holocene tidal-flat deposit of Cheonsu Bay, showing a coarsening upward, retrogradational facies trend. This retrograding facies trend is probably due to a relative low sedimentation rate during Holocene transgression. Overlain unconformably by Unit M1, Unit M2 deposit reaches up to 14 m in thickness and is mainly composed of muddy sediment with yellow to gray color. This unit is characterized by a variety of tide-influenced signatures such as rhythmic bedding, flaser bedding, crab burrow fossil, marine dinoflagellate assemblage and authigenic glauconite mineral, indicating very similar depositional environment to those of Unit M1 deposit. It suggests that Unit M2 was probably accumulated under the tidal-flat environment during a pre-Holocene sea-level highstand. In particular, the uppermost 3-4 m of Unit M2 appears to have undergone subaerial exposure and subsequent weathering during the sea-level lowstand after deposition. Therefore, stratigraphic unconformity between Holocene and late Pleistocene sediments is highlighted by the desiccated and weathered surface of Unit M2.