• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.31 no.3 s.86
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• pp.301-309
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• 2001

Because many of patients seeking orthodontic treatment worry about the facial appearance and their chief motivation for orthodontic treatment is facial esthetics, it is critical to understand the influence of gender or culture on the evaluation of profile esthetics. The purpose of this study was to find out any influence of gender or culture on judging good facial profile. 4 different groups were asked to evaluate 133 facial profiles to test the influence of gender or culture on judging good facial profiles. Those 4 groups consisted of 10 Korean males, 10 Korean females, 10 Korean American males, and 10 Korean American females. 2 evaluation systems were introduced, absolute and relative. Soft tissues of selected good profile group were analyzed and statistic analysis was performed. Conclusions were as follows 1. Inter-evaluator difference for judging good facial profile was statistically significant, even if there was general agreement for the best profile among 40 raters. 2. Gender difference under the same cultural environment was not significant statistically. 3. The same ethnic groups with different cultural background showed statistically different preference on judging good Profile. 4. Good facial profile group had their own characteristics compared to remaining group in several soft tissue measurements which were vertical facial ratio, soft tissue facial convexity, and antero-posterior relative lip position.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2006

Background; Several clinical scoring systems are currently being used to predict the outcome of sepsis, but they all have certain limitations. Therefore, we sought to identify the proteomic biomarkers, with wsing proteomic tools, that differed according to the outcome of sepsis patients. Methods; Upon admission to the ICU, blood samples were obtained from the 16 patients with sepsis who were enrolled in this study. Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI -TOF MS) was used to identify the markers that could predict the outcome of sepsis. Results; We found six peaks, by using cation and anion chips, that statistically differed between those patients who died and those who survived. Conclusion; The biomarkers we found by using proteomic tools may help predict the prognosis and also plan the treatment of sepsis.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore learning progressions for global warming at middle school level. For this purpose, we conducted a construct modeling approach that specifies constructs, item designs, outcome spaces, and measurement model steps from April to October, 2021. In order to develop student assessment items, we analyzed the 2015 revised curriculum and textbooks of middle school and categorized a concept hierarchy for each construct to create a construct map. The assessment items were developed into multiple-choice, short answer, and essay questions according to the selected constructs to strengthen the linkage between the constructs and the items. Based on the three-step grading criteria for each item, an online assessment of 21 minor items developed for middle school students show that many students met 'high' level, but none met 'low' level. In this manner, the initial set lower anchor was reset to level 0, the original set upper anchor was lowered from level 4 to level 3, and the hypothetical learning progression for global warming was presented in the following order: phenomenal, conceptual, and mechanical understandings. The results of the research have raised implications for reorganizing the next science curriculum and improving the assessment system.