• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.941-950
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• 2008

The quality of projector output image is influenced by the surrounding conditions such as the shape and color of screen, and environmental light. Therefore, techniques that ensure desirable image quality, regardless of such surrounding conditions, have been in demand and are being steadily developed. Among the techniques, radiometric compensation is a representative one. In general, radiometric compensation is achieved by measuring the color of the screen and environmental light based on an analysis of camera image of projector output image and then adjusting the color of projector input image in a pixel-wise manner. This process is not time-consuming for small sizes of images but the speed of the process drops linearly with respect to image size. In large sizes of images, therefore, reducing the time required for performing the process becomes a critical problem. Therefore, this paper proposes a fast radiometric compensation method. The method uses color filters for eliminating the color mixing between projector and camera because the speed of radiometric compensation depends mainly on measuring color mixing between projector and camera. By using color filters, there is no need to measure the color mixing. Through experiments, the proposed method improved the compensation speed by 44 percent while maintaining the projector output image quality. This method is expected to be a key technique for widespread use of projectors for large-scale and high-quality display.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2015

WBAN(Wireless Body Area Network) operating around the human body aims at medical and non-medical service at the same time. and it is the short-range communication technology requiring low-power, various data rate and high reliability. Various studies is performing for IEEE 802.15.4, because IEEE 802.15.4 can provide high compatibility for operate WBAN among communication standard satisfiable these requirements. Meanwhile, in the case of coexisting many IEEE 802.15.4-based WBAN, signal interference and collision are the main cause that is decreasing data reliability. but IEEE 802.15.4 Standard does not consider about coexistence of many networks. so it needs improvement. In this paper, To solve about this problem, identify coexistence problem of IEEE 802.15.4-based WBAN by preliminary experiments. and propose a scheme to mitigate the reliability decrease at multiple coexistence WBAN. The proposed scheme can be classified in two steps. The first step is avoidance to collision on the CFP through improving data transmission. The second step is mitigation collision through converting channel access method. Proposed scheme is verified the performance by performing comparison experiment with Standard-based WBAN.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.43 no.3 s.345
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• pp.1-9
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• 2006

In this paper, we propose a MIMO-OFDMA (Multi Input Multi Output-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) system based on beamforming for performance improvement of downlink real-time traffic transmission in harsh channel conditions with low CIR (Carrier-to-Interference Ratio). In the proposed system, we first consider the M-GTA-SBA (Modified-Grouped Transmit Antenna-Simple Bit Allocation) using effective CSI (Channel State Information) calculation procedure based on spatial resource grouping, which is adequate for the combination of MRT (Maximum Ratio Transmission) in the transmitter and MRC (Maximum Ratio Combining) in the receiver. In addition, to reduce feedback information for the beamforming, we also apply QEGT (Quantized Equal Gain Transmission) based on quantization of amplitudes and phases of beam weights. Furthermore, considering multi-user environments, we propose the P-SRA (Proposed-Simple Resource Allocation) algorithm for fair and efficient resource allocation. Simulation results reveal that the proposed MIMO-OFDMA system achieves significant improvement of spectral efficiency in low CRI region as compared to a typical open-loop MIMO-OFDMA system using pseudo-orthogonal space time block code and H-ARQ IR (Hybrid-Automatic Repeat Request Incremental Redundancy).

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2013

This paper deals with the performance anlysis of CCA adaptive equalization algorithm, that is used for reduction of intersymbol interference at the receiving side which occurs in the time dispersive communication channel. Basically, this algorithm is borned for the solving phase unrecovery problem in the CMA equalizer, and the comines the concept of DDA (Decision Directed Algorithm) and RCA (Reduce Constellation Algorithm). The DDA has a stable convergence characteristics in unilevel signal, but not in the number of levels in multilevel signal such as QAM, so it has unstable problem. The RCA does not provide reliable initial convergence. And even after convergence, the equalization noise due to the steady state misadjustment exhibited by it is very high as compared to DDA. For the solving the abovemensioned point, the CCA adaptive eualization alogorithm has borned. In order to performance analysis of CCA algorithm, the recovered signal constellation that is the output of the equalizer, the convergence characteristic by the residual isi and MD (maximum distortion), the SER characteristic are used by computer simulation and it was compared with the DDA, RCA respectively. As a result of simulation, the DDA has superior performance than other algoithm, but it has a convergence unguarantee and unstability in the multilevel signal. In order to solving this problem, the CCA has more good performance than RCA in every performance index.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.264-264
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• 2016

최근에 charge trap flash (CTF) 기술은 절연막에 전하를 트랩과 디트랩 시킬 때 인접한 셀 간의 간섭현상을 최소화하여 오동작을 줄일 수 있으며 낸드 플래시 메모리 소자에 적용되고 있다. 낸드 플래시 메모리는 고집적화, 대용량화와 비휘발성 등의 장점으로 인해 핸드폰, USB, MP3와 컴퓨터 등에 이용되고 있다. 기존의 실리콘 기반의 플래시 메모리 소자는 좁은 밴드갭으로 인해 투명하지 않고 고온에서의 공정이 요구되는 문제점이 있다. 따라서, 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위해 실리콘의 대체 물질로 산화물 반도체 기반의 플래시 메모리 소자들이 연구되고 있다. 산화물 반도체 기반의 플래시 메모리 소자는 넓은 밴드갭으로 인한 투명성을 가지고 있으며 저온에서 공정이 가능하여 투명하고 유연한 기판에 적용이 가능하다. 다양한 산화물 반도체 중에서 비정질 In-Ga-Zn-O (a-IGZO)는 비정질임에도 불구하고 우수한 전기적인 특성과 화학적 안정성을 갖기 때문에 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 플래시 메모리의 고집적화가 요구되면서 절연막에 high-k 물질을 atomic layer deposition (ALD) 방법으로 적용하고 있다. ALD 방법을 이용하면 우수한 계면 흡착력과 균일도를 가지는 박막을 정확한 두께로 형성할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 또한, high-k 물질을 절연막에 적용하면 높은 유전율로 인해 equivalent oxide thickness (EOT)를 줄일 수 있다. 특히, HfOx와 AlOx가 각각 trap layer와 blocking layer로 적용되면 program/erase 동작 속도를 증가시킬 수 있으며 넓은 밴드갭으로 인해 전하손실을 크게 줄일 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 ALD 방법으로 AlOx와 HfOx를 게이트 절연막으로 적용한 a-IGZO 기반의 thin-film transistor (TFT) 플래시 메모리 소자를 제작하여 메모리 특성을 평가하였다. 제작 방법으로는, p-Si 기판 위에 열성장을 통한 100 nm 두께의 SiO2를 형성한 뒤, 채널 형성을 위해 RF sputter를 이용하여 70 nm 두께의 a-IGZO를 증착하였다. 이후에 소스와 드레인 전극에는 150 nm 두께의 In-Sn-O (ITO)를 RF sputter를 이용하여 증착하였고, ALD 방법을 이용하여 tunnel layer에 AlOx 5 nm, trap layer에 HfOx 20 nm, blocking layer에 AlOx 30 nm를 증착하였다. 최종적으로, 상부 게이트 전극을 형성하기 위해 electron beam evaporator를 이용하여 platinum (Pt) 150 nm를 증착하였고, 계면 결함을 최소화하기 위해 퍼니스에서 질소 가스 분위기, $400^{\circ}C$, 30 분의 조건으로 열처리를 했다. 측정 결과, 103 번의 program/erase를 반복한 endurance와 104 초 동안의 retention 측정으로부터 큰 열화 없이 메모리 특성이 유지되는 것을 확인하였다. 결과적으로, high-k 물질과 산화물 반도체는 고성능과 고집적화가 요구되는 향후 플래시 메모리의 핵심적인 물질이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.986-995
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a noise whitening decision feedback equalizer for single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) receivers. SC-FDMA has the same advantage as that of orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) in which the multipath effect can be removed easily, and also solves the problem of high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) which is the main drawback of OFDMA. Although SC-FDMA is a single carrier transmission scheme, a simple frequency domain linear equalizer (FD-LE) can be implemented as in OFDMA, which can dramatically reduce the equalizer complexity. Moreover, some residual intersymbol interference in the output of the FD-LE can be further removed by an additional nonlinear decision feedback equalizer (DFE) in time domain, because the time domain signal is a digitally modulated symbol. In the conventional DFE, however, the noise is not white at the input of the decision device and correspondingly the decision is not optimum. In this paper, we propose an improved DFE scheme for SC-FDMA systems where a linear noise whitening filter is inserted before the decision device of the conventional DFE scheme. Through computer simulations, we compare the bit error rate performance of the proposed DFE scheme with the conventional equalizers.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2014

Sensor nodes are used for monitoring and collecting the environmental data via wireless sensor network. The wireless sensor network with various sensor nodes draws attention as a key technology in ubiquitous computing. Sensor nodes has very small memory capacity and limited power resource. Thus, it is essential to have energy efficient strategy for the sensor nodes. Since the sensor nodes are operating on the same frequency bands with ISM frequency bands, the interference by the devices operating on the ISM band degrades the quality of communication integrity. In this paper, the convolutional code is proposed instead of ARQ for the error control for the sensor network. The proposed convolutional code was implemented and the BER performance is measured. For the fixed transmitting powers of -19.2 dBm and -25dBm, the BER with various communication distances are measured. The packet loss rate and the retransmission rate are calculated from the measured BER. It is shown that the porposed method obtained about 9~12% and 12-19% reduction in retransmission rate for -19.2 dBm and -25 dBm respectively.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.79-84
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• 2018

This paper relates with the performance improvement of SE-MMA (Signed Error-Multiple Modulus Algorithm) adaptive equalization algorithm that is used for the reduction of the intersymbol interference due to the distortion which occurs in the communication channel for the transmission of 16-QAM nonconstant modulus signal.. In the conventional MMA, the fixed modulus value that is second order statistics of transmitting signal were used, and the SE-MMA was introduced in order to the simplification of the algorithm's arithmetic operation. The SE-MMA have a fast convergence speed than MMA, but it has a problem of degradation of equalization performance in the steady state due to the arithmetic simplification. In this paper, we propose the new algorithm AV-SE-MMA (Adaptively Varying-SE-MMA) that uses the adaptive varying modulus in order to obtain the error signal for updating the adaptive equalizer coefficient, and its equalization performance were confirmed by simulation. In this paper, the performance of SE-MMA and proposed algorithm were compared, and the equalizer output signal constellation, residual isi, MSE and SER in order to confirm the robustness of noise were used as performace index. As a result of performance comparison, the AV-SE-MMA has better performance in output signal constellation, residual isi and MD compared to the SE-MMA, but it was confirmed that the AV-SE-MMA has similar in the SER performance that means the robustness to the noise.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2016

This paper proposes the SU-SE-MMA algorithm which applying the concept of selective updaing to the SE-MMA that is possible to reduce the intersymbol interference due to distortion occurred at the channel when transmit the nonconstant modulus 16-QAM signal. The SE-MMA emerged for the simplifying the computational operation from the current MMA adaptation algorithm, then it's has the fast convergence speed and has a problem of increase the residual component in the steady state. The SU-SE-MMA performs the selectively tap updating when the distance of equalizer output and specified transmit signal point is greater than the given threshold value and tap updaing does not occurred in the small distance. By this selective updating process, it is possible to more reduction in the computational operation in the propose algorithm. The improved adaptive equalization performance of SU-SE-MMA like as the equalizer output signal constellation, residual isi, MD, SER were confirmed by computer simulation compared to SE-MMA. As a result of simulation, the AV-SE-MMA has better performance in output signal constellation, residual isi and MD compared to the SE-MMA, but it was confirmed that the AV-SE-MMA has similar in the SER performance that means the robustness to the noise.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.293-297
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• 2015

Underwater acoustic communications has been limited use for military purposes in the past. However, the fields of underwater applications expend to detection, submarine and communication in recent. The excessive multipath encountered in underwater acoustic communication channel is creating inter symbol interference, which is limiting factor to achieve a high data rate and bit error rate performance. To improve the performance of a received signal in underwater communication, many researchers have been studied for channel coding scheme with excellent performance at low SNR. In this paper, we applied BCJR decoder based ( 2,1,7 ) convolution codes and to compensate for the distorted data induced by the multipath, we applying the turbo equalization method. Through the underwater experiment on the Gyeungcheun lake located in Mungyeng city, we confirmed that turbo equalization structure of BCJR has better performance than hard decision and soft decision of Viterbi decoding. We also confirmed that the error rate of decoder input is less than error rate of $10^{-1}$, all the data is decoded. We achieved sucess rate of 83% through the experiment.