• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.213.2-213
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• 2003

재래식 찹쌀고추장 및 보리고추장의 산업화를 유도하기 위하여 우리나라의 주요 고추장인 찹쌀고추장과 보리고추장을 순창 및 괴산에서 각각 제조하였다. 180일 동안 숙성시키면서 숙성중의 이화학적 성분조사와 아울러 관능검사 등의 고추장의 품질 특성을 규명하여 재래식 고추장의 적정숙성 기간을 설정하고자 하였다. 숙성 180일 동안 찹쌀고추장과 보리고추장의 이화학적 성분 변화는 비슷한 경향을 나타내고 있었으나 관능적 품위에서는 찹쌀고추장이 보리고추장보다 색, 향, 맛, 전체적인 기호도에서 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 찹쌀고추장 및 보리고추장의 이화학적 성분과 관능검사를 실시한 결과를 고려하였을 때 두 고추장의 적정 숙성기간은 150일로 나타났다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.127-133
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• 1996

To industrialize the Korean traditional Kochujang, we investigated the process and changes of chemical components of glutineous rice Kochujang and barley Kochujang, which are our major traditional Kochujangs. We prepared traditional glutineous rice Kochujang and barley one in Sunchang and Keosan, respectively. To establish the optimal aging time, we investigated changes of the chemical components and sensory evaluation of the Kochujang during fermentation of 180 days. Changes of chemical components of glutineous rice Kochujang were similar to those of barley Kochujang. The results of sensory evaluation on color, flavor, taste, texture and overall acceptibility indicated that glutineous rice Kochujang was preferred to barley one, and the highest score was obtained at the aging of $90{\sim}120$ days for both Kochujangs. However, we established that the optimal aging time was 150 days by considering changes of permissible chemical components and the results of sensory evaluation at the same time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.219-219
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• 2003

찹쌀 및 가루를 사용하여 담금한 고추장(시험구 A: 찹쌀가루, 시험구 B: 찹쌀, 시험구 C: 찹쌀 및 가루의 혼용)의 화학성분, 효소력 및 texture를 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 수분, 조단백, 조지방, 적정산도, 무기성분, alcohol의 함량 및 PH는 시험구간에 차이가 없었다. 이미노태 질소함량과 산성 pretense 및 당화 amylase 활성은 A구가 높았고 환원당은 Brn가 경시적으로 높았다. Ca, Cu, K, Mn, Mg, P, Fe의 무기성분이 각 시험구에서 검출되었고 이중 K의 함량이 가장 높았으며 Cu, Mn, Fe는 극히 미량이었다. Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, cystine, arginia proline 등의 유리아미노산이 60일 숙성 고추장에서 양적으로 많이 검출되었고 histidine, valine의 함량은 적었으며, 유리아미노산의 총량은 A구 16.49, B구 13.68, C 구 15.84mg/g으로서 A 구가 가장 많았고 B 구의 고추장이 가장 적었다. texture를 측정한 결과 견고성과 부착성은 담금 직후에는 A구가, 숙성 후기에는 B 구가 높았으며 응집성, 탄력성은 A 구가 높았고 B 구가 낮았다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.220.1-220
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• 2003

전분질원으로서 밀가루와 찹쌀을 단용 (A : 전량 밀가루 사용, D： 전량 찹쌀 사용) 또는 혼용(B: 밀가루 75%, 찹쌀 25%, C: 밀가루와 찹쌀을 각 50%사용)하여 담금한 고추장의 성분을 분석 한 결과는 다음과 같다. 숙성과정중 조단백질과 아미노태의 질소함량은 대체적으로 A,B,C,Drn의 순으로 높았고, ethyl alcohol은 D,C,B,A 구의 순으로 높았다. pH는 A 구에서 다소 높았으나 수분과 식염은 시험구간에 차이가 없었다. 90일 숙성 고추장중의 유리당은 glucose, fructose, maltose, rhamnose가 검출되었고, 이중 glucose는 양적으로 가장 많았다. 또한 glucose는 A 구에서, fructose는 B 구에서 각각 높았다. 숙성고추장의 알코올류로서 n-propyl, iso-buthyl, iso-amyl alcohol이 검출되었으며, 이들 함량은 3.2mg%이하로 시험구간에는 큰 차가 없었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 1986

Free sugars of Kochujang which were prepared with different starch sources, i.e., glutinous rice, polished barley, wheat flour and sweet potato, were investigated for three months of aging. Glucose was found in all tested samples during aging period and the content increased with time, particularly higher for glutinous rice while lower for sweet potato. Fructose also was found through aging period, its content increased for a month and decreased later. The data showed higher fructose content in the order of sources of sweet potato, wheat flour, polished barley and glutious rice. Maltose and sucrose were detected only at the beginning of aging period and the content were less than 3.5% for maltose in all of samples and than 0.4% for sucrose with glutinous rice and wheat flour. Trace amount of rhamnose was detected in the Kochujang made from polished barley.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.561-566
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• 1994

The kinds of kochujang were discriminated by using their organic acid compositions, GC peak areas of volatile concentrates and flavor intensity determined by sensory evaluation. Tested kochujang were 51 kinds of traditional kochujang and 10 kinds of industry-produced kochujang in the market. The traditional kochujang included 20 kinds of Sunchang kochujang prepared with glutinous rice, 11 kinds of Boeun kochujang prepared with barley and 20 kinds of Sachun kochujang prepared with wheat. Boeun kochujang was distinguished from other kinds of traditional and industry-produced kochujang by using canonical discriminant analysis for the compositions of organic acids. Among organic acids, lactic acid was the most contributing variable for the discrimination of various kochujang. Traditional and industry-produced kochujang could be classified into 4 groups by using discriminant analysis for GC peak areas. The peak number 2, 4, 8 and 11 were found to be highly contributing variables for the discrimination of kochujang by using stepwise discriminant analysis. Industry-produced kochujang was discriminated from traditional kochujang by using canonical discriminant analysis for the intensity of 8 kinds of flavor property. The taste 'umami' was found to be the most contributing variable for the discrimination of kochujang.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.375-380
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• 1986

The result of analysis of ingredient of Kochujang is as follows. The experiments were prepared with wheat flour (WF) and glutinous rice(GR) ; the experimental A type is made of full WF, B type, WF 75% and GR 25%, C type, WF 50% and GR 50% and D type, only full GR. The N content of crude protein and amino type N is higher in the order of A, B, C, and D types, ethyl alcohol is higher in the order of D, C, B, and A types in aging process. The pH is some what higher in A type but in moisture and NaCl, not much difference were shown in the experimental types. The isolated sugars of Kochujang ripened for 90 days analyzed out glucose, fructose, maltose and rhamnose with glucose being the largest in quantity. Glucose is higher in A type, fructose in B type. The alcohols of the ripened Kochujang analyzed out n-propyl, iso-butyl, and iso-amyl alcohol, the content of which is below 3.2mg% and did not show much difference in each experimental types.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.227-236
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• 1986

Three types of Kochujang(soybean-red pepper paste) were prepared with glutinous rice flour (group A), glutinous rice grain (group B) or the mixture of flour and grain (group C) to investigate some chemical composition, enzyme activities and the texture during aging period. 'There were no remarkable differences in the contents of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, minerals and alcohols, titrable acidity and pH among the tested groups. Amino nitrogen content, acidic protease and saccharogenic amylase activities were measured to be higher values for group A whereas reducing sugar content higher values for group B. All tested groups contained Ca, Cu, K, Mn, Mg, P and Fe, particularly higher amount of K but a trace of Cu, Mn and Fe. All tested groups showed higher content of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, cystine, proline and lower content of histidine and valine 60 days after the preparation. The total free amino acid content was 16.49 mg/g for group A, 13.68 mg/g for group B and 15.84 mg/g for group C. The measurement of texture showed high values of hardness and adhesiveness with group A immediately after the preparation and with group B at the end of aging. Cohesiveness and springiness were high with group A while low with group B throughout aging period.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.12-17
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• 1994

Physicochemical characteristics of traditional kochujang fermented for 6 months and commercial kochujang were compared. Tested kochujang included 18 kinds of Sunchang kochujang prepared with glutinous rice, 10 kinds of Boeun kochujang prepared with barley and 17 kinds of Sachun kochujang prepared with wheat, and 10 kinds of commercial kochujang. Major free sugar was found to be glucose both in traditional and commercial kochujang. Fructose, maltose, and sucrose were also detected in small amounts. The contents of free sugars in traditional kochujang was approximately one fourth of those presented in commercial kochujang. Commercial kochujang showed the highest level of total free amino acids followed in decreasing order by Sachun, Sunchang, and Boeun kochujang. The most abundant free amino acid was serine in Sunchang kochujang and aspartic acid both in Boeun and Sachun kochujang. On the other hand, glutamic acid was the most abundant amino acid in commercial kochujang. Volatile organic acids in various kochujang were determined and acetic, propionic, butyric, and 3-methyl butanoic acids were found in traditional kochujang. However, 3-methyl butanoic arid was not found in commercial kochujang. The most abundant volatile acid was acetic acid in both tradtional and commercial kochujang. Analysis of non-volatile organic acids showed that large amounts of lactic, oxalic, and succinic acids were found in traditional and commercial kochujang. In addition to these, small amounts of itaconic, malic, malonic, and pyroglutamic acids were found in commercial kochujang.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1158-1165
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• 1997

This study was designed to investigate the changes in microflora and enzyme activities of traditional kochujang during aging, which was prepared with a meju fermented for various periods of time. The number of bacteria was highest in all samples after 30 days of fermentation at $20^{\circ}C$, while that of mold in kochujang prepared with a 40-day- or 60-day-fermented meju was highest at 15th day of aging when yeast appeared. The activities of carbohydrases and proteases were highest in kochujang prepared with a 40-day-fermented meju followed by a 60-day-fermented meju. These results suggest that kochujang prepared with a meju aged for 40 days had the highest quality in terms of physicochemical, microbiological and enzyme activities of kochujang during fermentation.