• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 1987

These experiments were conducted to recognize the germination change in relation to storage period, using 25 kinds of field-collected weed seeds stored under the dry and low temperature ($4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$), and to establish a simple germination induction methods in some kinds of them. No or weak dormancy was observed in Lepidium virginicum, Rumex japonicus, Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense, Aeschnomene indica and Ludwigia prostrate. The germination of Digltaria sanguinalis, Portulaca oleracea, Amaranthus spp., Echinochloa crux-galli, Polygonum persicaria, Cyperus iria, and Aeschynnmene indica was enhanced by $H_2SO_4$ treatment for 20, 2, 2, 50, 40, 3 or 5 minutes, respectively. Favorable germination in Polygonum persicaria and Echinochloa crus-galli was obtained by soaking in water for 25 days and 50 days, respectively. Moisture treatment for 21 days and 14 days caused the enhancement of germination in Cyperus difformis and Aneilema keisak, respectively. Combination of various treatments in Cyperus iria was most effective when the seeds treated with $H_2SO_4$ for 3 minutes incubated in alternating temp. after soaking in 0.2% $KNO_3$, but their effect on Digitaria sanguinnlis was little.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-45
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the vascular plants of the construct-reserved sites of ecological forests in Deokdong-ri, Baekwoon-myeon, Jecheon-si, and Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea and the period was from March to October, 2004. The results of surveying the vascular plants were recorded as 371 taxa; 83 families, 238 genera, 324 species, 44 varieties and 3 forma. There were 4 species of rare and endangered plants as designated by Korea Forest Service; Eranthis stellata, Paeonia japonica, Viola albida and Scopolia japonica. There were 9 species of Koreanendemic plants Pseudostellaria coreana, Melandryum seoulense, Clematis trichotoma, Deutzia coreana, Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora, Ajuga spectabilis, Weigela subsessilis, Cirsium setidens and Saussurea nutans. Ten species of naturalized plants were observed Panicum dichotomiflorum, Rumex crispus, Amaranthus retroflexus, Lepidium apetalum, Trifolium repens, Oenothera Jamayckiana, Erigeron annuus, Erigeron canadensis, Bidens frondosa and Taraxacum officinale. In the results of analysis by floristic region, the specific plants were summarized as 52 taxa; 30 families, 47 genera, 49 species and 3 varieties.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.221-230
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• 2004

Flora of the Dokdo Islet, where located south-east from Ulnung Island, off the east coast of the Korean peninsula, recorded as 59 taxa; 29 families, 50 genus, 48 species, 1 sub-species, 9 varieties and 1 form. Dong-do (East islet) of Dokdo Islet, naturalized plants such as Brassica campestris subsp. napus var. nipp-oleitera and Rumex crispus are widely ranged over the islet. The naturalizedplants affects the native species and their habitats of Artemisia japonica var. macrocephala, Echinochloa crus-galli, Sedum oryzifolium, Arabis stelleri var. japonica and Sedum kamtschaticum var takesimense in the islet. The trail in Seo-do (West islet) is heavily threatened by over-all weathering processes on the rock. The native woody species in the islet are Euonymous japonicus and Lonicera insularis, and the species such as Pinus thunbergii and Hibiscus syriacus are planted in the recent past under the IRP (Islet Restoration Program) by NGO. The Specific Plants, which is designated and categorized by the Ministry of Environment, Korea, such as Lilium lancifolium, Lysimachia mauritiana and Reynoutria sachalinensis are ranged. The ecosystem of Dokdo islet is seriously threatened by invadedplant species and building works for garrison and relevant facilities. The over-all long- and short-term strategies, based on interdisciplinary and integrated approaches for habitat restoration is needed.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.169-179
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• 1999

The present study was undertaken to classify and describe the spring naturalized plant communities in old-Andong city by the methodology of the ZM school of phytosociology. As a result, the vegetation was classified into the six communities and two subcommunities: A. Bromus tectorum community A-a. Bromus japonicus subcommunity, A-b. Melica onoei subcommunity; B. Poa pratensis community; C. Rumex crispus community; D. Oenothera lamarckiana community; E. Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. eiatior community; F. Rumex conglomeratus community. The total taxa of the naturalized plant communities consisted of 31 families, 86 genera, 114 species and 13 varieties. Of which the taxa of the naturalized plant species consisted of 8 families, 21 genera, 25 species and 1 variety. The result of Bray-Curtis ordination revealed that the plots suveyed were arranged according largely to the vegetation units of' the communities. Also the interspecific affinity was examined by an analysis of interspecific association and the main component species in the communities were divided into two groups. The naturalized rate was higher in the communitise affected by strong human impacts, while was lower in the communities affected relatively less by human impacts. On the other hand the seasonal changes of the communities and the naturalized rate between the spring and the autumn were investigated. Many naturalized communities present in Spring were replaced by the other native ruderal communitues in the Autumn. The naturalized rate based on the dominance was largely decreased over from the spring to the Autumn.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.496-508
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• 1992

Phytophagous insects associated with Dicotyledoneae weeds and host specificities in the field populations were investigated for the survey of biological control agents of weeds in Korea. Fifty four weed species in 39 genera were collected during the survey. The most insects were collected from Polygonales by 24 species in 22 genera and followed by Urticales and Centrospermales by 17 species of 17 genera. The insects collected in the other weed orders were ranged from 1 to 12 species. Out of 17 insect species collected in Urticales, Baris sp. damaged the leaves of Hamulus japonicus in Cannabinaceae as scattered holeshape and showed host specificity. In Polygonaceae, Rumex japonicus and R. crispus were severely damaged by Aphis rumicis and Gastrophysa atrocyanea. G. atrocyanea leaf beetle had host specificity on R. japonicus and ate all the leaves except veins. The leaf beetle, Lypesthes japonicus was a potential biological control agent by feeding leaves of Persicaria spp .. And Lixus spp. were also often collected from Persicaria spp .. Liothrips vaneeckei was first collected from weed, P. modosa. P. senticosa was damaged by unidentified geometrid moth larvae and P. perfoiliata by Miarus atricolor snout beetle. Cassida piperata damaged leaves of Chenopodium album of Centrospermales and showed host specificity. In a soybean field, C. album and Amaranthus mangostanus were severely damaged by Spodoptera litura larvae which were eating soybean leaves. This phenomenon indicates that the presence of weed in cultivated land influences the outbreak of insect pests. Altica oleracea leaf beetle was frequently collected from Oenothera spp. of Onagraceae in Myrtales. Aphis gossyphi was outbroken on Solanum nigrum and Phylliodes brettinghami leaf beetle was first recorded on the same plant. Leaf beetles, Longitarsus scutellais and Hemipyxis plagioderoides were first collected from Plantago asiatica of Plantaginaceae in Plantaginales. They showed host specificities in the fields. The hemipterans were collected from many weeds during the survey and their roles on weeds should be investigated. A tractomorpha bedeli was also collected from many kinds of weeds in forest areas.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.267-283
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• 2011

Endangered species designated by The Ministry of Environment in region of Naejangsan National Park were found Lycoris chinensis var. sinuolata K.H.Tae & S.T.Ko, Iris koreana Nakai, Cymbidium macrorrhizum Lindl and Vexillabium yakushimensis (Yamam.) F.Maek.(4 taxa). The floristic special plants were recorded to a total of 159 taxa; that is, class I species (91 taxa) were containing as Chloranthus fortunei (A.Gray) Solms, Vicia anguste-pinnata Nakai and Euscaphis japonica (Thunb.) Kanitz, etc, class II species (17 taxa) were Pseudostellaria coreana (Nakai) Ohwi, Dryopteris expansa (C.Presl) Fraser-Jenkins et Jermy and Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman, etc, class III species (32 taxa) were containing; Cirsium setidens (Dunn) Nakai, Parasenecio pseudotaimingasa (Nakai) B.U.Oh and Saussurea eriophylla Nakai, etc, class IV species (9 taxa) were Deutzia paniculata Nakai, Carex ligulata Nees and Thuja orientalis L., etc, and class V species (10 taxon) were Orobanche filicicola Nakai, Lycoris chinensis var. sinuolata K.H.Tae & S.T.Ko and Lycoris sanguinea var. koreana (Nakai) T.Koyama, etc. Endemic species of korea were identified 40 taxa such as Broussonetia kazinoki var. humilis Uyeki, Pseudostellaria coreana (Nakai) Ohwi and Silene seoulensis Nakai, etc. Plant species designated as Natural Monument were 2 species that Daphniphyllum macropodum forest(No. 91) and Torreya nucifera forest(No. 153) receive protection. The naturalized plants were identified 30 taxa; Fallopia dumetorum (L.) Holub, Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach and Rumex crispus L., etc. Among them the ecosystem disturbance wild plants was not discovered.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.51-65
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• 2015

The flora distributed around Mt. Hwangseok were summarized as 495 taxa including 97 families, 295 genera, 394 species, 4 subspecies, 80 varieties and 17 forms. In the component ratio of taxa, pteridophyta was 4.2%, 1.2% of gymnospermae, 78.8% of dicotyledonae and 15.8% of monocotyledonae. The rare plants were 9 taxa including Aconitum chiisanense, Eranthis stellata, Aristolochia contorta, Viola albida and so forth. The Korean endemic plants were 13 taxa including Populus tomentiglandulos, Pseudostellaria coreana, Aconitum pseudolaeve, Thalictrum actaefolium var. brevistylum and so forth. The specific plants by floristic region were 16 taxa including Cimicifuga heracleifolia, Sanguisorba longifolia, Symplocarpus renifolius, Betula davurica and so forth. The plants adaptable to climate change were 11 taxa including Aconitum pseudolaeve, Ajuga spectabilis, Carex okamotoi, Rhynchosia volubilis and so forth. The naturalized plants were 20 taxa including Fallopia convolvulus, Rumex crispus, Phytolacca amrericana, Robinia pseudoacacia and so forth. The invasive alien plant was Aster pilosus. The emergence of local ecologically important species, set the correct range for the core and buffer zone, transition zone, coded will be necessary, the distribution of the specialty plant areas and rare plants, an area management plan should be organized by nature. In addition, a variety of assessment techniques and accurate data to establish the validity of the core area is also set to acquire.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.248-257
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• 2003

The objective of this experiment was to search plant species with herbicidal activity in Korea. Two hundred native plants were collected and their methanol extracts were obtained. Herbicidal activity of methanol extracts were determined by seed bioassay using canola (Brassica napus L.) seedlings. Six plants such as Staphylea bumalda, Wistaria floribunda, Allium victorialis, Rumex crispus, Chionanthus retusa, and Ulmus parvifolia were highly herbicidal: their $GR_{50}$ values were < $1,000{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$. In addition, seventeen plants such as Galium spurium, Zelkova serrata, Campsis grandiflora, Eucommia ulmoides, Sorbus commixta, Deutzia glabrata, Cercis chinensis, Alnus hirsuta, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Quercus acutissima, Robinia pseudoacacia, Gleditsia japonica, Kerria japonica, Ligustrum obtusifolium, Thuja orientalis, Chamaecyparis obtusa, and Pulsatilla koreana showed herbicidal activity: their $GR_{50}$ values were between 1,000 and $2,000{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$. However, 177 plants showed no herbicidal activity. Plants with herbicidal activity found in this study could be used for weed management and herbicidal compounds in such herbicidal plants could be used as lead compounds in the development of new herbicides.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.589-614
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• 2019

To investigate the distribution of vascular plants growing at Mt. Guryong, we surveyed from March in 2016 to October in 2017. The flora of Mt. Guryong was classified as a total of 526 taxa comprising of 87 families, 298 genus, 449 species, 4 subspecies, 63 varieties, 10 forma. Among them, the endemic plants in Korea were investigated as 10 taxa of including Pseudostellaria coreana (Nakai) Ohwi. The Korean rare plants species were investigated as 16 taxa, among them degree of CR investigated as 1 taxa of Cypripedium macranthum Sw., VU investigated as 5 taxa of including Rhododendron micranthum Turcz., degree of LC investigated 9 taxa of including Clematis koreana Kom., degree of DD investigated 1 taxa of Adenophora grandiflora Nakai. Endemic plants were investigated as 14 taxa of including seudostellaria coreana (Nakai) Ohwi and The floristic special plants were a total of 84 taxa such as 2 taxa in degree V(in cluding Polypodium virginianum L.), 7 taxa in degree IV (including Anemone reflexa Steph. & Willd.), 21 taxa in degree III(including Celtis aurantiaca Nakai), 22 taxa in degree II (including Thelypteris phegopteris (L.) Sloss.) and 31 taxa in degree I (including Cimicifuga simplex (DC.) Turcz.) was carried out to provide basic data. The naturalized plants were investigated as 37 taxa of including Chenopodium ficifolium Smith., Thlaspi arvense L., Rumex crispus L. and the percentage of urbanization index was 11.53%, the naturalized ratio was 6.99% respectively.