• 한국노년학
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-24
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• 2021

This study aims to examine how old people think about 'dignifiable aging'. For the study, the authors have tried to understand and analyze of old people's view on 'classy and gracious aging' through their life experiences. The study focuses on the questions of 'how the participants experience aging', 'how they understand well, classy and successful aging and 'how they explain their ideas of the aging, then analyzes their ideas as types of 'within cases' as well as 'inter cases'. Indepth interview has employed as main methodology of data collection with the analysis of concerned written documents such as on-line and off-line essays as secondary data. The collected data had been basically sorted and analyzed by sorting commonimity and differences. Then they have been classified into the thems that indicate meanings and forms of 'dignified aging': 'ageless mind', 'happiness determined by one's mind', 'responsibility on family', 'desire for learning and social activities'. These meaning-units are added up to the main meaning of '(fullfilled) satisfaction through life-values' mediated by 'acceptance and acknowledgement', 'efforts', 'others' gaze', 'dreams and hopes', '(fullfilled) Satisfaction through life-values' can be achieved by 'sharing with others'. An interesting fact is that the meaning-units can be devided into two groups: 'the real life is the ideal life' which explains the actualization of the ideal in the daily life and 'life, conflict, the ideal' in which the real and the ideal are parellel with constant conflicts. In the conclusion, some implications and suggestions derived from the analysis are described from the v iew of social welfare.

• Korean Journal of Health Psychology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.169-187
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• 2011

The present study explored psychosocial characteristics of infants with genital anomalies (GA) and their caregivers against normal controls. Participants were female caregivers and infants between the ages of 6to38months diagnosed with hypospadias(HS;n=103) or cryptorchidism (CR;n=49). Normalcontrols(n=131) were recruited and selected via Internet. Caregivers completed measures on parenting stress, coping style, social support, and infant temperament. Within the GAgroups, HScaregivers reported their greatest parental concerns as infant urination/bodily functioning difficulties whereas CRcaregivers reported worries related to surgical anesthesia issues. Both groups reported concern about their children's potential reproductive problems. Per caregiver report, infants with GA had lower ability to self-soothe. HS infants in particular were perceived as exhibiting greater negative emotion. Compared with controls, HS and CRcaregivers overall employed coping strategies more frequently and had lower interpersonal sensitivity and parental distress. However, HScaregivers emerged as experiencing higher stress when compared to the CRgroup. There were no differences in to tal parenting stress and social support scores between groups. Further, CRcaregivers reported lower levels of family discord than controls. Despite temperament-related differences between infants with GA and normal controls, HS and CRcaregivers reported lower parental distress and greater use of coping skills as compared to controls. Clinical implications are discussed.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.45
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• pp.153-186
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• 2023

Since the 2000s, Korean society has been transitioning into a multicultural society with a sharp increase in the influx of various non-Koreans including immigrant workers, immigrant spouses, international students, and refugees. As a result, Korea, which had maintained religious peace and coexistence as a multi-religious society, is showing signs of increased risks of social problems such as the surfacing of conflicts between religions. Religion can contribute to the integration and safety of communities in the process of becoming a multicultural society, but at the same time, it requires discussion from an educational perspective because of its ambivalence in potentially causing conflict within communities. Considering that one of the main functions of religion is social integration, religious education is required for the stable settlement of multicultural societies. In recognition of this, discussion regarding a new perspective on religious education is needed to respond to religious diversity and to understand the current society and the means of becoming a global citizen. This new discussion would be a 'general religious education' model that provides an education covering various religious and non-religious worldviews in order to cultivate 'religious literacy.' However, in a multicultural society, while general religious education may be useful in reducing prejudice and discrimination among students in an integrated environment, it should also be recognized that a 'special religious education' would be needed to acknowledge the unique values of each human group. This would be the most effective approach to multiculturalism. Therefore, this study proposes a form of 'cooperative religious education,' which combines general religious education and special religious education as a direction for religious education. In providing readers with background context, this study will review Korean religious policies and religious education, and then present realistic methods that can be implemented in schools.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.408-415
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• 2015

This study investigated the job-satisfaction of the Radiographer's job-characteristics and job-stress. A total of 213 Radiographer were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire. The 105 questionnaires consist of general characteristics, job characteristics, occupational stress, and job satisfaction. The job satisfaction was categorized into 3 sub-scales; psychological variables, environmental variables, and structural variables. The occupational stress was categorized into 8 sub-scales; physical environment, job demand, insufficient job control, interpersonal conflict, job insecurity, organizational system, lack of reward, and occupational climate. 30 years old than 30 years later, people are highly rewarding than a low person, this person is lower than people with high sense of duty, place the larger the size of Seoul, hospital than fat, than people who do not have turnover intention this, job insecurity, organizational structure, inadequate compensation, workplace culture, physical environment, people with low job satisfaction is higher than men were. As such there is a need to identify the cause because otherwise indicated differences in job satisfaction.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.5
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• pp.440-446
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• 2001

폭력의 발생 원인은 다양하고 그 표현 방식도 여러 가지 양상으로 나타나지만 인간의 기저에 갖고 있는 일반적 원인은 욕구불만이다. 욕구불만의 해소가 이루어지지 않은 상태에서의 인간은 항상 폭력성이 잠재되어있는 상태가 된다고 볼 수 있다. 윌리엄 맥두걸은 본능이 인간행동에 동기를 부여하는 가장 중요한 요인이며, 지각과 정서보다 동기의 힘을 강조했다. 사람은 본능이 동기를 부여해 준 것을 지각하고 적절한 대상이 지각되면 그 대상은 행동을 자극하는 감정변화를 일으킨다. 이러한 검정변화를 충동이라 할 수 있는데 지그문트 프로이드는 인간의 많은행동이 불합리한 본능적 충동에 바탕을 둔다고 보고 있다. 충동은 대개 생리적인 긴장, 결핍,또는 불균형상태에 뿌리는 두며 충족되어야 할 절박한기본 욕구로 유기체에 행동을 강요한다. 충동은 선천적이며, 기본적인 생리적 욕구와 직접적으로 관련된 충동과 학습을 통한 모방충동, 약물복용의 반복적으로 인한 양물중독이 있고, 성취, 활동, 친화, 호기심, 배설, 탐구, 조작, 모성애, 고통회피, 성애, 수면 등 인간의 생활에 반영되는 거의 모든 욕구를 포함한다. 따라서 욕구의 해소를 위해 무엇인가를 해야만 하는 인간은 욕구의 억압상태나 좌절상태에서 심한 분노와 폭력의 충동을 느끼게 된다. 현대 심층심리학은 어린이들이 말을 충분히 자유자재로 구사하기 전에 겪고 억누르게 된 무시무시한 분노의 환상을 가지고 있는데,. 공포예술의 무시무시한 영상들이 결부되어있다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 픽카드(P.M. Pickard)에 의하면 어린아이는 그들의 내적 현실을 외적 현실을 적응시키려는 힘겨운 투쟁 속에 근친상간적 갈등, 흡혈귀, 살인, 식인 등 끔찍한 환상을 겪는 것 간다고 한다. 청소년기는 사회적 부적응기로서 현실과 어릴 적 꿈꿔왔던 이상과의 괴리감에서 오는 당혹과 분노가 발생되는데, 이 시기에 많은 청소년들이 극단적인 선정적인 폭력성에 탐닉하게 되는 경향이 있다. 현실은 결코 아름답지 못하고, 행복하게 살 수 없다는 것에 대한 깨달음에서 기인한다. 욕구불만의 강도가 심해질수록 폭력성은 더욱 강하게 나타나는데 개인에게서 뿐만 아니라 가족, 동료, 사회 단체나 종교, 국가간에도 집단적으로도 발생하게 된다. 사회적으로 볼 때 폭력은 용인되는 것이 아니므로 도덕적으로 절제를 하거나 상대방과 적절한 타협과 조정을 필요로 한다. 그러나 절제의 한계를 넘어선다고 생각되거나, 조정의 노력이 불가능하거나, 실패했을 때 폭력적인 행동으로 나타나게 된다. 리차즈(I.A Richards)는 분노와 공포는 일단 겉잡을 수 없는 경향이 있다고 하면서 오늘날 폭력에 대한 요구가 일상의 정서 생활에 있어, 억압을 통한, 빈곤함을 반영하고 있지 않은지 생각해봐야 할 것이라고 충고한다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.289-300
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• 2009

In contrary to the expectation of which it has a role to increase the transparency of and the responsibility of self-governing, the participatory budgeting even though aggravates perfunctoriness of participation and local conflicts in Korea. The problems are caused not from the institutional vices of participatory budgeting but from others which each part of people, participating in the budgeting process, have a misunderstanding on the participatory budgeting. Under the consideration that the misunderstandings of citizen and local officials are one of main reasons of a derailing of the participatory budgeting, the study aims to examine empirically the gap between the citizen's understanding on the participatory budgeting and the official's, focused on Daeduck-ku, Daejeon.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• no.39
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• pp.189-219
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• 2008

The purpose of this article is to examine the dynamics of pension insurance policy-making and policy outputs under the developmental state of Korea, by analysing the first attempt to establish the national pension scheme in the early 1970s. To the aim, this article formulated the comprehensive analytical framework from the viewpoint of process-oriented perspective, linking policy-making dynamics with the policy context as an external constraint and policy output as a result of policy-making. Policy context was explored in terms of three variables of politics, civil society and economy, whilst policy-making and policy network dynamics were examined by employing the following variables: i) initiators, motivation and triggering devices, ii) number of participants and key players, iii) participants' interests, iv) major conflicting parties and key differences of allegation, and v) interactions between participants. Policy outputs were analysed by looking into the mainly reflected interests and the change of intended policies.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.89-96
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• 2018

In online communities, a large number of participants can exchange their opinion using replies without time and space restrictions. While the online space provides quick and free communication, it also easily triggers unnecessary quarrels and conflicts. The network established on the discussion participants is an important cue to analyze the confrontation and predict serious disputes. In this paper, we present a quantitative measure for polarity observed on the discussion network built from reply exchanges in online communities. The proposed method uses the comment exchange information to establish the user interaction network graph, computes its maximum spanning tree, and then performs vertex coloring to assign two colors to each node in order to divide the discussion participants into two subsets. Using the proportion of the comment exchanges across the partitioned user subsets, we compute the polarity measure, and quantify how discussion participants are bipolarized. Using experimental results, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our method for detecting polarization and show participants of a specific discussion subject tend to be divided into two camps when they debate.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-45
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• 2000

Objectives : The present study was performed to reveal differences between female and male cases of alopecia in their alopecia related variables such as patterns of hair loss, psychiatric characteristics, associate illnesses, and methods of treatment, and to use them as basic materials for proper management and early prevention of the alopecia prone cases. Methods : In order to analysis the gender difference in hair losses, the subjects were divided into two subgroups as the 51 cases of female alopecia and the 42 cases of male alopecia, who had visited to the department of psychiatry consulted from the department of dermatology, Yongsan hopital, ChungAng University, Seoul, Korea, from January 1998 to December 1998. In data analysis, the subjects were statistically assesed by chi-squre test and analysis of varaiance, through SPSS-$PC^+$ 9.0V. Results : 1) Female subjects were more likely showed lower socio-economical level including lower eonomical level, lower educational level, or lower occupational level in their parent's job, were more likely to have larger number of siblings and to have many sisters comparison to the male cases. 2) Female subjects were more likely visited to the department of dermatology, more history of alopecia in their female family members, lesser history of alopecia in their male family members, more loss of hairs in vertex or frontal region of scalp, lesser loss of hairs in occipital region, and lesser nail changes in comparison to the male cases. 3) Female subjects were more suffered from intra-familial conflicts and economical changes, or their introverted personality makeup, lesser likely suffered from changes of business and health changes, and showed lesser conflicts related with poorer adaptaion in their job life. 4) Female subjects were more likely diagnosed as depression or conversion disorders, more frequently complaint anxiety symptoms or depressive symptoms, higher level of anxiety index, lesser complaint somatization or obsessive compulsive symptoms, and lesser diagnosed as anxiety disorder in comparison to the male cases. 5) Female subjects were more likely tended to show personality makeup such as the introverted, the lie, the repressed, or the feminine trends than the male cases. 6) Female subjects were more significantly treated by antianxiety drug such as etizolam and dermatological therapies include tretinoin, and lesser treated by clotiazepam and prednicarbonate in comparison to the male cases. Conclusion : From the facts that The most important factors in developing hair loss in the female subjects in comparison to the male cases seems to be closely correlated with the serious psychopathology such as the presence of mental disorders including depression, the presence of complaining anxiety or depressive symptomatology, the presence of stressful life events such as intrafamilial life changes, and the presence of personality makeup such as the introverted, the lie, the repressed, or the feminine trends, the authors confirmed that dermatologists act as the primary care physician are in a unique position to recognize psychiatric comorbidity and execute meaningful intervention for female patients with the alopecia with psychiatrists.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Health Promotion Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.121-149
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• 2005

미국 캘리포니아 주의 건강문제로는 흡연, HIV/AIDS, 천식, 정신질환, 아동비만, 유방암, API, 건강한 생활양식 형성, 인종간의 건강격차 등을 들 수 있다. 이러한 건강문제를 해결하기 위해 캘리포니아주에서 진행되는 지역사회 중재전략은 지역사회 단체와의 협력이라는 특성을 지니고 있으며, 도시지역의 노인이나 다양한 인종들을 대상으로 하는 프로그램들의 경우는 교회를 통한 접근방법이 빈번하게 활용된다. 중재 프로그램들은 지역사회 조직모형과 역량강화의 개념을 활용하며, 문화적으로 다른 배경을 가진 인구집단을 대상으로는 이들의 요구에 맞는 프로그램을 진행하는 형태로 기존의 프로그램을 채택하는 것이 아닌 이들의 다양한 요구에 맞도록 수정된 프로그램을 제공하고 있다. 개인 간 의사소통을 활용하여 사회적 관계망의 활성화를 도모하며, 일반인이 건강지도자가 되는 교육모형도 활용하고 있다. 한국교민사회 자문위원회(Korean Community Advisory Board, KCAB)는 CDCPRC(CFCH)의 기금으로 진행되는 연구 프로젝트를 수행할 목적으로 1993년 설립되었다. 장기적인 지역사회 건강증진을 위하여 전문가와 일반인 지도자들이 지역사회에서 협력하는 방법을 활용하며 요구도 진단, 수행 평가, 건강옹호와 같은 다양한 사업을 진행한다. 회원들은 핵심 회원과 일반회원으로 구분되고 이들은 사업의 수행과 관련된 의사결정에 도움을 주게 된다. 한국교민사회 자문위원회가 수행한 프로그램은 'Health is Strength', 'Virtual Village Program'이 있으며, 현재는 'Quitting is Winning'이라는 미국거주 한국 남성을 대상으로 하는 인터넷 금연 프로그램을 수행하고 있다. 또한 캘리포니아 주 거주 한국인의 건강상태에 대한 조사를 진행하고 그 결과를 보고하는 프로젝트를 진행하고 있다. 이들이 하는 주요 업무는 지역에서 발생되는 건강문제에 대한 우선순위를 파악할 수 있도록 하여 한국교민들의 건강요구를 파악하고 사업의 우선순위를 설정하는데 도움을 주고 있다. 센터에서 진행되는 한국교민 대상 연구나 사업에 가장 효과적일 수 있는 방법에 대한 지침이나 정보를 제공한다. 또한 문화적으로 민감한 사항이나 적절성 여부에 대한 확인을 하며 연구결과를 보고하고 확산하는데 도움을 주고 있다. 캘리포니아 주는 다양한 인종들이 거주하는 지역이다. 따라서 문화적 민감성이나 문화적 대응전략, 문화적 적절성은 건강증진사업을 수행할 경우에 매우 중요한 이슈가 된다. 또한 이들은 소수민족인 경우가 많아 언어장벽으로 인하여 의료서비스 이용에 제한을 받게 된다. 따라서 보건의료전문가들은 이러한 문화적 요소들을 능숙하게 다루는 기술이 필요한데, 이러한 기술이란 문화가 다른 사람들 간에는 갈등이 존재한다는 점을 인식하고, 건강관련 믿음과 건강행동에 영향을 미치는 사회문화적 요인들을 파악하고, 대안적 해결책을 제시하며, 결과를 평가할 수 있는 능력을 의미한다. 이러한 영역에서 health care interpreter는 소수인종의 보건의료 서비스의 원활한 이용을 위하여 매우 활발한 역할을 수행하고 있다.