• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.26-32
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• 2008

Video compression schemes have been developed and used for many years. Currently, H.264/AVC is the most efficient video coding standard. The H.264/AVC baseline profile adopts CAVLC(Context-Adaptive Variable Length Coding) method as an entropy coding method. CAVLC gives better performance in compression ratios than conventional VLC(Variable Length Coding). However, because CAVLC decoder uses a lot of VLC tables, the CAVLC decoder requires a lot of area in terms of hardware. Conversely, since it must look up the VLC tables, it gives a worse performance in terms of software. In this paper, we propose a new hierarchical grouping method for the VLC tables. We can obtain an index of codes in the reconstructed VLC tables by simple arithmetic operations. In this method, the VLC tables are accessed just once in decoding a symbol. We modeled the proposed algorithm in C language, compiled under ARM ADS1.2 and simulated it with Armulator. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm reduces execution time by about 80% and 15% compared with the H.264/AVC reference program JM(Joint Model) 10.2 and the arithmetic operation algorithm which is recently proposed, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.245-257
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• 2001

Localization of livestock facilities leads to concentration of livestock wastes and subsequent leakage of pollutants into the environment, resulting in public concern about their effects. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the most harmful components of animal manure, but odor from the manure itself and the livestock facilities is also a problem. Improving the nutrient efficiency of the livestock helps to decrease excretion of these environmental contaminants. Pigs and chickens are the main experimental models used in studies to improve nutrient efficiency. Addition of feed supplements and modifying feeding systems to improve nutrient efficiency can result in significant decrease in the N, P, odor and dry matter (DM) weight of manure. Examples of these methods include the following. 1) Addition of synthetic amino acids and reducing protein contents resulted N reductions of 10∼27% in broilers, 18∼35% in chicks and layers, 19∼62% in pigs, and a 9∼43% reduction in odor in pigs. 2) Enzyme supplementation resulted in a 12∼15% reduction in DM weight in broiler manure. 3) Phvtase supplementation resulted in P reductions of 25∼35% in chickens and 20∼60% in pigs. 4) Use of growth promoting substances resulted in a 5∼30% reduction in N and a 53∼56% reduction in odor of pigs. 5) Formulating diets closer to requirements (diet modification) reduced N and P by 10∼15% each in chickens and pigs, and odor by 28∼ 79% in pigs. 6) Phase feeding reduced N and P excretion by chicken and pigs from 10∼33% and 10∼13% each, as well as odor in growing and finishing pigs by 49∼79%. 7) Use of highly digestible raw materials in feed reduced N and P excretion by 5% in chickens and pigs.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.2009-2013
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• 2009

일반적으로 비닐하우스내의 농작물 경작은 자연환경과 차단된 조건에서 작물을 집약적으로 재배하므로 비료의 사용량이 많아 오염원으로 작용하고, 휴작기에 비닐을 제거 방치하므로 비닐 표면에 집적된 오염물은 강우 시 유출되어 이들로 인한 주변 하천수 및 지하수 오염을 가중시킨다. 따라서 팔당호 유역내 하천 부지에서 비닐하우스 등이 집단화 되어 있어 이로 인해 팔당호 유역내 수질에 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단된다. 또한 팔당호 유역내 하천부지에서 대단위 비닐농가가 집단적으로 조성되어 있는 것으로 조사되었으며, 팔당호 유역내 산발적으로 비닐하우스 농가가 형성되어 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 이들 비닐하우스로부터 비강우시에는 유출 오염수는 없는 것으로 파악되었으나, 강우 시 강우유출수가 표면 유출되는 과정에서 오염수가 팔당호로 직접 유입되어 팔당호 수질에 영향을 미치는 것으로 파악되었다. 팔당호 유역의 비닐하우스 경작에 의한 수질특성 조사 결과, SS 농도는 북한강 $372{\sim}446$ $mg/{\ell}$, 남한강 $488{\sim}547$ $mg/{\ell}$, 경안천 $345{\sim}415$ $mg/{\ell}$로 조사되었으며, BOD 농도는 북한강 $12.2{\sim}15.3$ $mg/{\ell}$, 남한강 $13.3{\sim}16.8$ $mg/{\ell}$, 경안천 $15.6{\sim}18.8$ $mg/{\ell}$으로 조사되었고, COD 농도는 북한강 $23.9{\sim}26.8$ $mg/{\ell}$, 남한강 $25.2{\sim}26.0$ $mg/{\ell}$, 경안천 $26.4{\sim}32.9$ $mg/{\ell}$로 조사되었다. 또한 T-N 농도는 북한강 $17.39{\sim}23.64$ $mg/{\ell}$, 남한강 $17.87{\sim}22.09$ $mg/{\ell}$, 경안천 $18.34{\sim}19.55$ $mg/{\ell}$으로 조사되었으며, T-P 농도는 북한강 $1.425{\sim}1.795$ $mg/{\ell}$, 남한강 $1.519{\sim}1.767$ $mg/{\ell}$, 경안천 $1.727{\sim}1.827$ $mg/{\ell}$로 조사되었다. 또한, 오염부하량으로부터 산정된 비닐하우스의 하천에 미치는 오염부하기여율은 SS의 경우 17.3%, BOD 4.5%, COD 5.2%, T-N 11.0%, T-P 7.4%로 조사되었다. 이는 비닐하우스 농가에서 유출되는 SS 및 T-N, T-P 오염부하량이 하천에 미치는 영향이 상대적으로 높다는 것을 의미하며, 이는 비닐하우스 주변이 주로 나대지로 되어 있고 비료 또는 영양물질이 많기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 그러나 탄소성 유기물질을 나타내는 BOD 및 COD의 오염부하기여율은 주변 토양과 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결국 비닐하우스의 재배는 토양 표면피복의 효과적인 관리 및 영양물질에 대한 관리가 이루어지지 않을 경우 팔당호에 영향을 미칠 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.34-40
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• 2012

This research has looked into the treatment process of wood waste generated from industrial waste within the region and in order to modify the problem that may occurred during the mass balance were analyzed for development of suitable solid waste recycling network regionally. As as result, quite amount of wood waste are being transferred to another region, even though a treatment facility's capacity could bear the total amount of waste generated within the area. Although the wood waste could be treated locally, it is analyzed that amount of wood waste are being transferred due to inefficient and irrational processing system between regions. It is assumed that $CO_2$ generated and loss of unnecessary fuel cost from these inefficient system is quite a lot and in order to modify this disorganized system, it will not inevitable to treat the waste based on the characteristics of each regions. Also, the wood waste recycling system should be studied with the efficient, environmental friendly processing and delivering network by minimized transfer distance and local systemizing the waste treatment system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.409-420
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• 2016

Korea is expected to enter 'Super Aged Society' in 2026. However, as walking is the very basic human right of mobility, securing safe and convenient moving of elderly people comprising the majority of transportation vulnerable is thought to be the most basic welfare, which can be easily neglected. From this perspectives, this study provides the walking characteristics of elderly people to be used in design of pedestrian facilities. The analysis of the measurements using Motion Analysis Systems shows that all walking factors of elderly people is 75% level of the younger group. Elderly group shows slower movement, reduced shoulder movement and increased ankle movement compared to the others. Also, foots are risen less and ground repulsive force is increased. Cluster analysis shows that the group of the elderly shows high variability inside the group, and 2 or 3 clusters can be formed with factors of Walking, Balance and Muscles. These walking characteristics can be used in designing pedestrian road, slope and step height of roadway facilities.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.19
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• pp.161-181
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• 2010

Human beings experience the outside world through senses and have developed various ways of representation to preserve what they've experienced. The rapid progress of digital technology has opened a new era of representation technology, and furthermore, is functioning as a technology which offers new experiences. The sensory experiences through the sense of sight, which humans depend on more than 70% to perceive the outside world, have been becoming the center of representing the reality as the 3-D graphics technology has been growing, and developing by being grafted onto different areas of study. Various technologies to express the sense of reality, such as the technology to reinforce the virtual reality and to represent it in the reality, computer graphic, TUI technology, and five sensory technologies which apply humans' senses, are making advancement based on humans' visual features and sensory elements. In particular, the 3-D technology to display solidness provides not only representation but also new sensory experiences, and is emerging as the key technology to image contents. However, compared to the development of technology of 3-D graphics, there have been few basic studies on the principles of the sense of vision. Therefore, in this study, the principles and elements to sense videos will be examined. The sensory features of 3-D images to represent the sense of reality will be researched into, especially focusing on the experiential and physiological elements to sense 3-D structures, and the physical and psychological elements to sense shapes, which might be hopefully the basic study for producing 3-D contents.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.350-359
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• 2009

This thesis in the social welfare-related institutions in the Seoul area, art therapy and the therapist based on the status of welfare-related agencies in the community of art therapy is to present possibilities and challenges. Research results presented by Health and Welfare, where seven of the 14 kinds of social welfare facilities, participate in the survey and the target organ, 45.1% of art therapy's role in social welfare-related institutions and gradually establish the location was the result. Art therapy is to conduct the current difficulties in institutions about the environmental factors related to a professional therapist and art therapist in the therapist's expansion as a major research and maintenance was network. Welfare-related agencies and community relationships we maintain mutual relationship, and are formed within the community have an effect on consciousness and collectivization. To provide the opportunity which realize the value in the art therapy by applying more to expand the variety of professional method. First, secure the facility of art therapy environment and the therapists. Second, if the art therapy association secures the integrated system, it makes a connection with professional therapists to improve recruitment environment in the art therapy community and therapists need to be addressed by all involved is a challenge. Third, a therapist for the duration of training in order to access a variety of academic and clinical research is the importance of the process of learning the training and supervision is to discuss the issue.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.409-419
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the differences of selecting coffee shop and type of coffee according to the reason for the visit. The proposed model was empirically tested by using survey data collected from 209 university students in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. SPSS has been used to preform this analysis. The study found six reasons for visiting Coffee shops which are convenience, social contact, psychological factor, economic factor, mental factor, and habitual visit. As we gorup these six reasons into three groups, students who visit coffee shops according to economic or habitual factor consider more on 'diversity of coffee'. And students who visit coffee shops according to convenience or habitual factor consider more on 'kindness of worker'. And last group who visit coffee shops according to social factor consider more on 'moderate price of coffee'. The reason why the reason for the visit and the attributes of selecting Coffee Shop are not meaningful to the type of coffee which students chose is that most of students tend to choose certain type such as Americano. And this also result from the traditional managements which don't have enough effort or the differentiation about the variety of menu.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.321-331
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• 1997

This paper begins with the question, 'What is the life of women living in the South Korea and North Korea?'. The question is quite significant but not known well. In fact, there have been great differences between South and North-Korean societies since the partition of the Korean Peninsula. In this sense, the family life in women living in south and North Korea can not be exceptional. The task on which women in South and North Korea are currently facing is not only to overcome heterogeneity in such areas as politics, economics, and socio-cultural systems, but also to recover homogeneity we had shared for a long history before the partition. The difference in the ideology makes a difference to decide on a policy on the household work. It comes out of the socialization method of household work. In North-Korea, the collectivization of household work get a lot of accomplished in South-Korea. This made differences in the domesticity between South-Korea and North-Korea. So, the purpose of this study is to compare the domesticity in North-Korea and South-Korea to prepare for unification of North and South-Korea. To compare the family life in South-Korea and North-Korea, this study adjusts the focus of the socialization of household work. Ther is a great difference in the ideology between the two political systems. In the North korean society, in order to help women manage their 'the double role' for home and workshop, the socialization of housework strategy has been strongly recommended. But socialization of housework strategy has been proven to have a number of problems: the loss of family individuality, inhumanization of family, family's scattering, and a low quality. Therefore, this strategy has not been used widely. But, the collectivization of housework has been used widely. There are three types in the socialization of housework: the commercialism of housework(가사노동의 영리화), the collectivization of housework(가사노동의 집단화), and the public of housework(가사노동의 공공화). Otherwise, the commercialism of housework has been used widely in south korean society. Yet it is very far from North-Korean life due to a shortage of goods. As a result, the different idelogies result the different family life. The different family life is proven to the different socialization of housework. This is very significant. If the unification of North and South Korea is realized, the socialiation of housework can be used a strategies to overcome the differences of the South and the North.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.323-330
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the occurrence level of harmful chemical substance and the riskiness caused by it at university laboratory, which had been faintly interested in safe health management. It measured and analyzed indoor pollutants by academic department targeting K university where is located in Seoul Metropolis for 6 days starting from May 26, 2010. As a result, the appearance of being furnished with MSDS, the appearance of installing the exposure-reduction facilities, and the present status of supplying protective equipment in order to grasp the present status of managing harmful chemical substance at university laboratory were relatively good in management at the Dept. of Chemistry, the Dept. of Physics, and the Dept. of Medical Science, which are basic science laboratories. The activity for managing harmful chemical substance in the Dept. of Dental Medicine and the Dept. of Fine Arts was surveyed to be insufficient. Also, the concentration of formaldehyde and TVOCs(total volatile organic compounds) inside laboratory was detected noticeably highly in the Dept. of Fine Arts compared to other laboratories. The concentration of formaldehyde in a group, which was collectivized by similar academic department, was indicated to be higher in other academic departments including the Dept. of Fine Arts and the Dept. of Life Science, thereby having shown significant difference. The concentration of formaldehyde and TVOCs showed significant difference at the laboratory without installation compared to the laboratory with installation of fume hood. Seeing the above results, it could be known that a whole drop in recognition on influence of chemical upon health leads to being able to increase occurrence level of hazardous factor due to being insufficient in activity of protecting exposure to chemical substance.