• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.771-777
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• 2017

Although Doenjang is a representative traditional fermented food in Korea, made mainly from soybeans, it has been classified into a food group identified as having high sodium in the National Health and Nutrition Examination. It is necessary to develop a low sodium Doenjang to prevent the excessive sodium intake which may cause various diseases. However, the development of Doenjang with low sodium, without significant changes on quality, is an ongoing challenge. Therefore, the experiment was designed to reduce the salt content of the soaking water to 12.5-45%. The pH, saltiness. moisture, sodium, color, amino-type nitrogen, free amino acids and constituent amino acids composition of Doenjang were investigated to determine the effect of this salt reduction on the sensory quality of Doenjang. The reduction of sodium did not affect the pH, moisture and saltiness, and this changed maintained the same range as the control. The sodium content was reduced proportionally, and the amino acid nitrogen level was 500 mg%. Therefore, this study considered that a reduction of 25% of salt in the soaking water does not affect the quality of the Doenjang while reducing the sodium content of the final Doenjang.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1283-1293
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to compare the health behaviors, mental health and internet addiction by gender differences among Korean adolescents and to examine relevances between health behaviors, mental health and internet addiction. The subjects were 73,238 Korean adolescents(male: 38,391, female: 34,847) who were recruited through national web-based survey. The data were derived from the Sixth Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey 2010 in South Korea. There were significant differences in health behaviors, mental health and internet addiction. by gender differences. Prevalence of internet addiction was male: 3.9%, female: 1.9% in this study. As the result of multiple logistic regression, the risk of internet addiction was increased in the case of smoking experience, substance experience, subjective health status, feeling of stress, depression experience, suicidal ideation, feeling of happiness, and sufficiency of sleeps in both male and female. Therefore, to decrease internet addiction prevalence, it is necessary to detect and manage the influencing risk factors of internet addiction such as health behaviors and mental health. And the health-promotion intervention to improve the internet addiction of adolescents should be planed and provided considering such differences by gender differences.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the changes in the occurrence of rotavirus gastroenteritis (RGE) after the introduction of rotavirus vaccine and estimate rotavirus vaccine effectiveness in hospitalized children. Methods: We compared the retrospective data of 671 patients with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2015, with retrospective data of 1,243 patients admitted to the same institution with AGE from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2005. The vaccine effectiveness was estimated using a case-positive control test-negative study. Results: The proportion of RGE in AGE was significantly lower in 2014 to 2015 (9.0%, 48/531) than in 2004 to 2005 (22.7%, 282/1,243) (P<0.001). In particular, there was a significant decrease in the 6- to 11-, 12- to 23-, and 24- to 35-month-old groups (P<0.001), whose rotavirus vaccination rates were higher than the remaining age groups. The monthly distribution of patients with RGE in 2004 to 2005 was higher from November to May, peaked in January, followed by December and February. In 2014 to 2015, the monthly distribution of patients with RGE slightly peaked in January. In 2014 to 2015 study, the complete rotavirus vaccination rate was 66.0% (332/503) and incomplete vaccination rate was 6.2% (31/503). Presumed rotavirus vaccine effectiveness was 83.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 60.5% to 92.9%) in the complete vaccination group and 27.4% (95% CI, -163.7% to 80.0%) in the incomplete group. Conclusions: The proportion of RGE in AGE has markedly decreased since the introduction of rotavirus vaccines, and improving vaccination coverage will further reduce the burden of RGE in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.688-693
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• 2002

The anticarcinogenic effects of various food components have received much attention in recent years. However mechanism of anticarcinogens in food materials on cancer cells have rarely been investigated. This study was performed to investigate the effects on the cytotoxicity and quinone reductase (QR) activity of Allium tuberusum (AT) on the human cancer cells. The six partition layers which are methanol (ATM), hexane (ATMH), ethylether (ATMEE), ethylacetate (ATMEA), butaonl (ATMB) and aqueous (ATMA) of Allium tuberusum were screened for their cytotoxic effects on HepG2, MCF-7, HeLa and SK-N-MC cells by the MTT assay. Among the six partition layers, ATMEE had the strongest cytotoxic effect at concentration of $150\;{\mu}g/mL$ which resulted over 95% on HepG2, HeLa, MCF-7 and SK-N-MC cell lines. The ATMEA also showed significant cytotoxic effect on HepG2 and SK-N-MC cell lines. The ATMB showed the highest induction activity of QR on HepG2 cells among the other partition layers. QR activity of HepG2 cells, grown in the presence of ATMB at the concentration of $50\;{\mu}g/mL$, was increased by 3.9 times, compared to the control value of 1.0. Based on these results, the ATMEE and ATMB may have potentially anticarcinogenic and chemopreventive activities.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.139-148
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• 2019

Purpose: Ulcerative colitis is a common inflammatory bowel disease. Prolonged colitis can be a risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer. Mulberry twig (MT, Sangzhi), a dry branch of Morus alba L., which is widely distributed throughout East Asia, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory activities in the cells. However, the effects of MT extracts on colitis in in vivo are limited. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of MT extracts in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse colitis model. Methods: Six week-old, male ICR mice were divided into 3 groups: Control (n = 5), DSS (n = 7), and DSS+MT (n = 7) groups. Mice in the DSS and DSS+MT groups were administrated 3% DSS in drinking water for 5 days to induce colitis. At the same time, water extracts of MT (5 g/kg body weight/day) were orally administered to mice in the DSS+MT groups for 5 days. Results: The MT extracts significantly reduced the clinical and pathological characteristics of colitis. Disease activity index, mucosal thickness, and colonocyte proliferation were significantly reduced in the DSS+MT group compared with the DSS group. Furthermore, MT administration reduced the levels of plasma $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, and the colonic myeloperoxidase activity as well as mRNA expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, Cox-2, and iNOS. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that MT water extracts have potent anti-colitis activities in the mouse colitis model.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.73-84
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of Lee Silverman Voice Treatment-BIG(LSVT-BIG) intervention which consisted of standardized exercise programs and occupation-based activities for people with Parkinson Disease(PD) on motor functions and quality of life Methods: This study applied a one group pretest-posttest design. The experiment was divided into two parts: pre intervention and post intervention period. Before and after LSVT-BIG intervention, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS), Time up and go(TUG), Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39(PDQ-39) were used to measure the participants' motor functions and quality of life. Based on the LSVT-BIG protocol, three participants received 16 one-hour sessions over 4 weeks by a certified occupational therapist. The results were analyzed by using SPSS. Results: There were improvements in UPDRS and TUG. Additionally, PDQ-39 scores decreased in all participants, which means that their quality of life was improved. Conclusions: The study demonstrated positive effects of LSVT-BIG intervention on motor functions and quality of life of patients with PD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.133-140
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• 2019

Triglycerides (TG) are one of the triggers of chronic inflammatory lesions in the blood vessels. In the key factors in the development of inflammatory diseases, Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha $(TNF-){\alpha}$ and interleukin-1 beta ($IL-1{\beta}$) contribute to the development of inflammatory lesions by recruiting other immune cells in the inflamed area or causing cell necrotic death. In this study, I investigated the effect of Jurkat T lymphocytes and U937 monocytes involved in vascular inflammation development on the expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $IL-1{\beta}$ on exposure to TGs. In Jurkat cells, mRNA expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ is increased by exposure to TGs. However, the expression levels of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $IL-1{\beta}$ were increased by TGs in U937 cells. To investigate whether inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is involved in the increase of expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $IL-1{\beta}$ by TGs, treatment of W1400 (an iNOS inhibitor) resulted in recovery of expression level both $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $IL-1{\beta}$. Based on the present study, it was confirmed that the expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $IL-1{\beta}$ in monocytes and T lymphocytes. This increased cytokines contribute to development of vascular inflammatory lesions. In addition, iNOS is involved in the increase of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $IL-1{\beta}$ expression by TGs.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.249-256
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• 2021

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease. There are many factors including genetic and environmental factors that influence asthma. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is involved in maintaining the T helper cells 1 and 2 (Th1/Th2) balance and plays an important role in the development of asthma. In this study, the correlation between the NDFIP2 gene that regulates the MAPK pathway and asthma was analyzed. The genetic polymorphism of the NDFIP2 gene was analyzed between 193 asthma patients and 3,228 healthy controls in Korea. As a result, 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showed a significant correlation (P<0.05) and high relative risk with asthma. Among them, rs2783122 of NDFIP2 showed a statistically significant association with asthma (P-value=9.76×10^-6, odds ratio (OR)=1.67, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.33~2.10). In the SNP imputation on the NDFIP2, 16 SNPs were discovered, and all of them showed significant correlation with asthma and high odds ratio. The genotype-based mRNA expression analysis revealed that the group of minor alleles of rs1408049 showed increased mRNA expression. Increased NDFIP2 expression causes the activation of the MAPK pathway, and this may influence the development of asthma. In conclusion, the polymorphisms of NDFIP2 are associated with asthma development and this can provide the basis for new guidelines for the management of asthma in the Korean population.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.44
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• pp.689-723
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• 2013

Suicide is Korea's first leading cause of death in their twenties and thirties. at a rate of 31.2 per 100,000 in 2010. The Korea suicide rate is over twice higher than OECD's average rate. Because of this reality the suicide prevention act(full title, the Act on Prevention of Suicide and Creation of Culture that Respects Life) was enacted in 2011. In 2008, the Korean government planned the suicide prevention programs to decrease the incidence of suicide to approximately 20 per 100,000 by the end of 2013. Despite the plan the suicide rate in Korea has increased to over 30 per 100,000 since 2009 and the plan was proved to be failed. Consequently, the government was unable to lower the suicide rate in last decade. It has shown that the reduction of suicide rate is a difficult and complex problem. This study shows that the root cause of suicide is based on social and legal exclusion and proposes that suicide prevention measures should be aimed at social cohesion and legal protection.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.197-207
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• 2021

Relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and type 2 diabetes is still inconsistent. Recently, many epidemiologic data show that fracture risk is increased in type 2 diabetic patients regardless of BMD status. In this study, we used nation-wide data from 2008 to 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) to analyze the BMD status in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to non-diabetics. We included subjects aged 50 years or older in men (N=2,959, 2,430 without diabetes, 529 with type 2 diabetes) and postmenopausal women (N=2,902, 2,479 without diabetes, 423 with type 2 diabetes). Subjects with history of medication for osteoporosis or with illness or malignancy affecting bone metabolism were excluded. Data of anthropometric measurements and demographic characteristics were collected by trained examiner. Serum was separated from peripheral venous blood samples obtained after 8 hours of fasting. BMD was measured at lumbar spine and femur using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). There was a significant positive association between lumbar spine BMD and type 2 diabetes after adjusting age, gender, body mass index, monthly house income, education level, physical activity, daily calcium intake and vitamin D concentration by multiple regression analysis in all subjects. In the subgroup analysis by gender, this association was maintained both in male and female after adjusting those confounding factors. However, femur BMD was not different between type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. In conclusion, lumbar spine BMD was significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients aged 50 years or more in men and postmenopausal women compared to non-diabetic subjects.