• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.303-308
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• 2019

This study suggests a method for deriving earthquake response based on log-normal distribution in order to obtain realistic and reliable probability and statistical seismic response of structures. The development of three earthquake suites were presented, with a brief description of 2%, 10%, and 50% in 50 years probability of exceedance according the USGS Los Angeles probabilistic seismic hazard maps. In order to analyze the basic dynamic behavior, a Single-Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF) structure was selected and the seismic response spectrum representing the response of each natural period was plotted. Overall, the mean response values presented through the log-normal distribution is lower than the standard normal distribution. Thus, it is considered that the former method can be provided as the effective cost on performance-based seismic design more than the latter one.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.42-42
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• 2019

유량조절을 위한 자동수문은 설정된 관리수위 이하에서는 수문이 개방되지 않으며, 유량이 증가하여 관리수위 이상이 되면 수문이 개방되어 방류를 시작하여 일정 수위를 유지하는 것을 의미한다. 자동수문의 운영 중 수문의 거동과 자동 개폐 시점을 예측하는 것은 정밀한 수문 설계를 위해 매우 중요하다. 수문 하단으로 흐름이 발생하면 수문 선단을 포함한 주변에서의 압력 차이로 인한 동수압 하중이 발생하고 진동을 유발, 수문 개방을 억제하는 하향력 등의 효과로 수문 운영에 큰 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 부력식 수문의 모형실험을 통하여 정수압 상태의 부력 이론에 의한 수문 개방률과 측정에 의한 수문 개방률을 비교하였으며, 이론과 측정 수문 개방고의 차이를 하향력에 의한 효과임을 확인하였다. 부력식 수문의 하향력을 검토하기 위해 기존 이론식을 이용한 결과, 이론식은 부력식 수문에 적용하기 어려운 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 기존 이론식을 이용하여 부력식 수문의 하향계수 산정을 위한 매개변수 관계식을 개방률을 이용하여 제시하였다. 제시된 매개변수 관계식의 결정계수는 0.721, 수정된 결졍계수는 0.690으로 나타났다. 부력식 수문의 형상비에 따른 하향력을 검토하기 위해서 수치모의를 수행하였다. 모형실험에서 측정된 자료와 수치모형 ANSYS-Fluent의 사용성을 검증하였고, 부력식 수문의 형상비를 0.24, 0.49, 0.69, 0.89, 1.09로 총 5가지로 설정하여 하향계수와 하향력을 분석하였다. 부력식 수문의 하향계수와 하향력 검토는 부력체, 스커트로 구분하여 분석을 수행하였다. 하향계수 분석결과, 하향계수는 개방률이 증가함에 따라 감소하였으며 하향계수가 부력체 부분에서는 0.465~1.542, 스커트 부분에서는 0.058~1.148의 범위로 나타났다. 하향력 분석결과, 하향력은 개방률 0.300 이하에서는 개방률이 증가함에 따라 하향력은 증가하였나 개방율 0.300 초과하면서부터 개방률이 증가함에 따라 하향력이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 부력체 부분에서는 형상비가 증가함에 따라 하향력이 감소하였으나, 스커트 부분에서는 형상비가 증가함에 따라 하향력이 증가하였다. 이는 형상비가 증가함에 따라 스커트 부분의 면적이 증가하기 때문이다. 부력식 수문의 전체적인 하향력을 계산한 결과, 부력식 수문의 하향력은 0.002~0.015 kN의 범위를 가지며 형상비가 증가함에 따라 부력식 수문에 발생하는 하향력은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.39-46
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• 2019

The interaction between the ground and structures should be considered for seismic design of group piles supporting the superstructure. The p-y curve has been used widely for the analysis of nonlinear relationship between the ground and structures, and various researches have conducted to apply the dynamic p-y curve for seismic design of group piles. This curve considers the interaction between the ground and structures under the dynamic load such as an earthquake. However the supported effect by the pile cap and the interaction by inertia behavior of superstructures. Therefore, the shaking table test was conducted to verify the effect of the change of the pile cap in group piles supporting superstructures embedded in sandy soil. The test condition is that the arrangement and distance between centers of piles are fixed and the length of the pile cap is changed for various distances between the pile cap side and the pile center. The result shows that the distance between the pile cap side and the pile center have an effect on the dynamic p-y curve and the effect of group piles.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.261-272
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• 2021

This study investigates the structural characteristics of oil-free, gas beam foil journal bearings (GBFJBs) for use in high speed motors. Mathematical modeling was carried out, and reaction force modeling for static load was performed to predict the structural characteristics of the GBFJB. Mathematical modeling and reaction force modeling for static load are performed to predict the structural characteristics of GBFJBs. The reaction force of the test bearing against static loads was measured during experiments and compared with the predicted results. The measured experimental data reveal the nonlinear stiffness characteristics of the GBFJB against varying displacement and agree well with the predictions. Dynamic load tests using an exciter allow to identify the vibration characteristics of the GBFJB. Test results show that the vibration displacement, dynamic force, and acceleration measured on the test bearing are most dominant at the applied dynamic load (synchronization) frequency. Futhermore, the test results show that the hysteresis area recorded during the dynamic tests increases with the excitation amplitude and frequency, and that the beam stick phenomena occurr at high excitation frequencies. The single degree of freedom (DOF) vibration model aids to identify the stiffness and damping coefficient of the GBFJB, which decrease as the excitation frequency increases.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.101-110
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• 2006

In general, environment-induced vibration propagates from the center of source to the destination through ground. In fact, the mechanism of wave propagation is highly dependent on the ground conditions, and various methods to protect structures from such a ground vibration have been proposed. The method of wall barrier has been frequently used to cut off ground vibration effectively. However, the capability of wall barrier may be affected by various factors like constituent material of it. Therefore, it is important to figure out appropriate material for the wall barrier. This study is focused on the effect of EPS on the vibration protection. Centrifuge model tests were performed. Two types of models such as a cylindrical and a rectangular wall were used. For the cylindrical type of wall, installation depth was changed, while the length of the wall varied fur the rectangular type to figure out the capability of vibration protection.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.89-99
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• 2009

Compared to standard piling methods, micropile construction can be used in downtown areas since it generates less vibration and noise. Since it only causes less soil disturbance, it is commonly used as reinforcement to existing structures. In this study, a field wherein the bearing capacity and settlement of soil can not support the weight of the superstructure was selected and micropiles were implemented instead of ordinary piles. The deformation modulus of the micropile reinforced ground was determined and was directly reflected in the design. Loading testing was used to check whether or not the allowable bearing capacity satisfies the condition of the designed bearing capacity. The computed deformation modulus based from the test was used in the numerical analysis of soil to investigate the stability of the foundation and analysis method. And a method for controlling the bearing capacity and settlement was recommended.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.3D
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• pp.271-278
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• 2010

Semi rigid pavement is a pavement type using advantages of both flexibility of asphalt pavement and rigidity of concrete pavement by infiltrating cement paste into voids of open graded asphalt mixtures. The semi rigid pavement has better smoothness and smaller driving vibration or noise comparing to the concrete pavement, and has smaller permanent deformation and has temperature falling effect comparing to the asphalt pavement. The temperature falling effect were investigated at a semi rigid overlay pavement test section, and the temperature falling and water retaining effects were verified by measuring the temperature and weight of specimens at a housetop. Horizontal and vertical stresses and strains were compared by structural analysis of the semi rigid pavement and asphalt pavement using the Abaquser o, a commercial 3D finite element analysis program. The results were verified by Bisar 3.0, a multi-layered elastic analysis program. Performance of the semi rigid pavement and asphalt pavement were compared by predicting fatigue cracking based on the structural analysis results.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1379-1385
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• 2007

In domestic transitional zone design, there is regulation to prevent generation of irregular substructure behaviors that negatively influence in prevention of plasticity settlement on approach section and contact section as well as relieve overall track rigidity by reducing sectional foundation and track stiffness difference, but design guideline that considers dynamic behavior of transitional track in actual service line is very insignificant. Therefore in this study, characteristics of transitional track dynamic behaviors by substructure stiffness are researched and measured dynamic response of transitional track by substructure stiffness in order to prove correlation between substructure and track and calculate elasticity(stiffness) and track load of transitional track by using measurement and formula to provide basic information for developing design guideline considering dynamic behavior of service line transitional track.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.413-421
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the structural dynamic behavior under hybrid control system. The hybrid test is to consider the interaction between the numerical and physical models. In this paper, single degree of freedom hybrid test was performed with one-bay, two-story steel frame structure. One column at the first floor was selected as a physical substructure and one actuator was used for applying the displacement load in horizontal direction. El Centro as earthquake waves was inputted and OpenSees was employed as the numerical analysis program for the hybrid real-time simulation. As a result, the total time of the hybrid test was about 9.6% of actual measured seismic period. The experimental results agreed well with the numerical one in terms of the maximum displacement. In nonlinear analysis, however, material nonlinearity made a difference of residual strain. Therefore, this hybrid dynamic test can be used to predict the structural dynamic performance more effectively than shaking table test, because of the spatial and economic limitations.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.405-417
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• 2014

In a high-level waste repository, the gap fill of the engineered barrier is an important component that influences the performance of the buffer and backfill. This paper reviewed the overseas status of R&D on the gap fill used engineered barriers, through which the concept of the gap fill, manufacturing techniques, pellet-molding characteristics, and emplacement techniques were summarized. The concept of a gap fill differs for each country depending on its disposal type and concept. Bentonite has been considered a major material of a gap fill, and clay as an inert filler. Gap fill was used in the form of pellets, granules, or a pellet-granule blend. Pellets are manufactured through one of the following techniques: static compaction, roller compression, or extrusion-cutting. Among these techniques, countries have focused on developing advanced technologies of roller compression and extrusion-cutting techniques for industrial pellet production. The dry density and integrity of the pellet are sensitive to water content, constituent material, manufacturing technique, and pellet size, and are less sensitive to the pressure applied during the manufacturing. For the emplacement of the gap fill, pouring, pouring and tamping, and pouring with vibration techniques were used in the buffer gap of the vertical deposition hole; blowing through the use of shotcrete technology and auger placement and compaction techniques have been used in the gap of horizontal deposition hole and tunnel. However, these emplacement techniques are still technically at the beginning stage, and thus additional research and development are expected to be needed.