• 월간낙농육우
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• v.23 no.1 s.249
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• pp.157-159
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• 2003

젖소를 사육하는 농가에서 가장 쉽게 발견되는 발굽관련 질병은 양축가에게 직접적인 경제적 손실을 야기함에도 불구하고 관심부족과 정기적인 발굽삭제 미실시 그리고 처치비용에 대한 부담 등으로 치료에 주저하는 경우가 많다. 발굽질병을 치료하지 않고 방치할 경우 단기적으로는 부자유스러운 걸음걸이와 보행시 느끼는 통증 때문에 이동거리를 제한하여 사료섭취량의 감소를 야기해 유생산량의 저하를 불러일으키고 치료시 비용에 대한 부담감을 갖게 하지만 장기적으로는 수태율 감

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.96-104
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• 2009

배경: 당뇨병 환자에게 관상동맥심질환은 생존률, 건강 상태 유지 및 삶의 질에 주요한 영향을 미치는 합병증이며 적극적인 당뇨병 치료는 이러한 심혈관 합병증을 예방할 수 있으나 당뇨병의 적극적 치료와 관리에는 많은 비용이 소요된다. 목적: 제2형 당뇨병 환자를 대상으로 메트포르민과 글리메피리드 병합요법과 메트포르민과 피오글리타존 병합요법의 비용-효과성을 비교하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 마르코프 코호트 프로세스(Markov Cohort Process Model) 모형을 이용하여 비용-효과분석을 실시하였다. 연장된 수명 (life years gained, LYG)과 삶의 질(quality)을 보정하여 증가된 QALYs를 주요 효과 지표로 측정하였고, 총비용으로는 직접의료비용과, 환자와 가족의 교통비를 직접비의료비용으로 고려하였고 환자와 가족의 시간비용을 간접비용으로 포함하였다. 연구결과: 비용-효과분석 결과, 메트포르민과 글리메피리드 병합요법의 경우 총 비용은 5,962,288원, 효과는 7.94LYG, 6.43QALY이었다. 반면 메트포르민과 피오글리타존 병합요법은 총 비용 10,982,243원, 효과 8.62LYG, 6.99QALY으로, 점증적 비용-효과비(ICER)는 7,402,663원/LYG과 8,934,546원/QALY 이었다. 결론: 우리 사회의 연장된 수명(LYG)에 따른 지불의사가 700만원 이하인 경우는 메트포르민과 글리메피리드 병합요법이 비용-효과적인 대안이며 700만원 이상인 경우에는 메트포르민과 피오글리타존 병합요법이 비용-효과적인 대안이 될 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.53
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• pp.25-50
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• 2016

For child abuse prevention in Korea, this study estimated the socioeconomic costs of child abuse. Based on previous studies, the present study organized component categories for estimable direct and indirect costs of child abuse, and estimated the cost of each category in 2014 through the collection of existing data and through Delphi survey techniques among experts. The total socioeconomic costs of child abuse were compared to Korea's GDP. The results of this study were as follows. First, the socioeconomic costs of child abuse in Korea in 2014 ranged from 389.9 billion KW(0.03 percent compared to GDP) to 76 trillion KW(5.1 percent compared to GDP). Second, the indirect socioeconomic costs of child abuse are much higher than the direct costs. Third, costs related to productivity loss and unemployment accounted for the largest proportion of the total costs. In addition, the proportion of the child protection budget in Korea was very low compared to developed countries. These findings suggest that there is a need to increase Korea's child protection budget and to take urgent action to detect unrevealed child abuse cases. Furthermore, in order to reduce indirect costs, it is important to provide abused children with early professional treatment.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.479-485
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• 1999

Materials for posterior teeth includes amalgam, gold inlay and composite resin inlay. Amalgam and gold inlay have unsatisfyine esthetics. And because they simply obturate the cavity preparation, they do not strengthen the remaining tooth structure. Posterior composite resin has become established in recent years. However, its polymerization shrinkage and insufficient wear resistance were the most undesirable characteristic. The physical and mechanical properties of the composite resin inlay are further improved through heat treatment in an oven. The major part of polymerization contraction of the resin inlay takes place be fore cementation, and possible gap formation is only due to shrinkage of the thin layer of resin cement. With the semidirect technique, the inlay material is placed directly in the prepared tooth, and the primary polymerization is made by light activation with a handhold curing unit. Additional curing may take place extraorally with use of different curing ovens. It provides the patient with the benefits of luted restorations without the procedure of indirect lab-made inlay. I report three successfully treated cases by semidirect resin inlay technique. Entire clinical steps are described in detail with some discussions on the outcome.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.782-793
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• 2022

The rise in chronic disease not only has a negative effect on people's lives, but it also increases the cost of medical care owing to the increased usage of medical care as health and medical technology improves, life expectancy rises, and rapid population ageing. In such context, this study examined the difference in the disease cost of hypertension according to demographic information and the effect of the initial diagnosis age and treatment period on the cost. This study used the Korean Health Panel Survey from 2010 to 2017, and selected subjects based on health insurance beneficiaries between the ages of 30 and under 80. With the selected data, the direct and indirect costs of disease loss were calculated according to the cost of illness approach, and we constructed a disease-loss ratio cohort considering the age of diagnosis and time of treatment for hypertension. From the results of the study, the annual cost of disease loss for hypertensive patients differed by gender by 110,107 won, and it was found that the cost increased by 1.8 times as the treatment time increased. In addition, when comparing disease loss ratios between the same age groups, it was found that the disease loss ratios between those in their 60s and 70s were affected by treatment time. This study confirmed that hypertension significantly affects the cost of the disease, and not only requires early diagnosis and management, but also preventive efforts to lower the incidence of hypertensive disease must be strengthened.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2021.07a
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• pp.359-360
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• 2021

디지털 헬스케어는 헬스케어 산업과 ICT 기술이 융합되어 개인 건강 및 질환을 관리하는 분야로서 소비자 중심의 서비스 제공을 위해 관련 산업이 크게 발전하고 있다. 최근 감염병 시대에 디지털 건강기술을 활용한 비대면 진료에 대한 요구가 급격히 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 디지털 헬스케어 플랫폼은 비대면 치아 진단 및 치료 견적 플랫폼으로서 시간적·공간적 제약 없이 충치 환자에게 편리한 구강검진이 가능하게 하고, 직접 치과를 방문하지 않아도 치과 전문의에게 본인의 치아 상태를 검진받을 수 있다. 또한, 여러 치과 전문의에게 본인의 치아 치료 견적을 받고 가격을 비교하여 본인이 원하는 적절한 가격과 방법으로 치료하여 비용을 절약할 수 있도록 한다.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.53-62
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate the retention and caries prevention practical effectiveness of fissure sealant and regular checkup with cost-benefit analysis. The data of this study is based on "2000 The Survey of Korean Oral Health" by Ministry of Health & Welfare. This study is to investigate cost-benefit analysis on proper treatment for the decayed, in case of operating fissure sealant on molars at 1 year after eruption of permanent teeth. The obtained results were as follows: (1) Cost-benefit analysis on fissure sealant in 6-75 year old 43,736 thousand Korean people reveals that cost of fissure sealant is 1,610,994 million won and benefit is 69,460,691 million won. (2) Benefit of fissure sealant is 39.51 times as much as cost of fissure sealant. (3) Cost of twice in a year regular checkup is 2,678,544 million won. Indirect cost of regular checkup is 2.6 times as much as direct cost. (4) Cost of fissure sealant and twice in a year regular checkup is 4,289,538 million won, and benefit is 69,460,691 million won. Benefit of fissure sealant and twice in a year regular checkup is 16.2 times as much as cost.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.166-176
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• 1996

This is a study through survey with the purpose of analysing of treatment cost for arthritis. Treatment cost can be devided Into two characteristics, one is the direct cost and the other is the indirect cost. Direct cost contains fees of medical treatment Including cost of self treatment & purchsing price of herb durg. On the other hand indirect cost means the using money of tansportation, lodging charge & labor-losing-time cost. For the succession of medical treatment of chronic diseases patients have to control themselves to go shopping around for the cure remeadies. And also it is important that the cost for unefficient or probably hamful folk remeadies should be reduced in order to distribute appropriatively the limited financial resources. As the result of this study, the fees for self treatment & herb drug are two times as much as those of regural medical treatment. Within the direct cost, there are the mean cost of regural medical treatment 59,630 won/mon., self-treatment 42,790 won/mon., and herb drug 78,380won/mon. therefore total mean direct cost is 180,800won per month. Moreover patients intermittently pay the cost of prostheses If folk remedies, these are added to the direct cost as above mentioned. Attributes of folk remedies are various from cure & analgesics to nutrients and their virtues as medicine are not clear in view of scientific knowledge. But 56% of arthritis patients have ever been experienced folk remedies. the cost for these remedies has wide ranges from 40,000 won to 1,000,000won. Total mean indirect cost including the transfortation fee, lodging charge & labor-losing-time cost has the range from 82,825won/month to 106,150won/month. Among these cost, labor-losing-time cost has a mojority because the waiting times are too long for seeing a doctor. In conclusion those patients having arthritis have a large burden against the treatment cost for continuous care. Therefore health professional should make effort to guide the patient to determine themselves informed choice about the treatment process.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

Objectives: In establishing policies for agricultural safety, evaluating injury burdens as well as investigating the rates and characteristics of work injury is important. This study investigated the types and characteristics of agricultural injury subjective burdens. Methods: By analyzing the injured farmers identified in the 2013 Korean Farmers' Occupational Injury Survey, the burdens caused by injuries were categorized using one direct cost item (medical costs) and five indirect cost items (including productivity decreases and wage increases). Statistical differences among the burden items were analyzed using logistic regression analysis according to the characteristics of the farmers and their farm injuries. Results: Among the subjective burdens indicated by the 457 injured farmers, disruption to work was most common. The major influences on each subjective burden item are as follows: for the item of disruption to work, age, time of injury occurrence, treatment period, and farming machine use were influential; for an increased family member's burden of farm works, the number of family members and treatment period were influential. Regarding cost burden of treatment, the results varied according to whether or not the patient was hospitalized and annual income. Conclusion: Subjective burdens induced by indirect costs rather than those induced by direct costs were found to be higher in ratio. In regard to each burden item, the results varied according to the characteristics of the farmers and their farm injuries. To support injured farmer, setting goals to reduce indirect cost burdens and preparing concrete methods is necessary.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.33-34
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• 2003

배경: 독일 의사와 보험회사 위원회 (The German Board of Physicians and Insurance Companies:Bundesausschuss der Arzte und Krankenkassen)가 앞으로 일부 적응증에 대한 침치료에 대해 공적 보험회사가 보험료를 지급해야 할 지에 대한 추가 결정을 하기 위해 침의 효과를 평가하기로 했다. 목적: 1) 침치료가 편두통의 예방, 긴장성 두통, 요통, 무릎과 고관절의 골관절염치료에 대조군 침치료보다 효과가 있는지 검증 2) 침치료가 편두통의 예방적 치료에 표준 약물 치료와 비슷하게 효과가 있는지 검증 3) 보건의료 서비스체계 안에서 주어진 조건에 대한 일상적 침치료의 질적인 부분을 서술하고, 안전성을 평가하며, 다른 침술학파간의 임상결과의 차이와 비용의 효용적 활용부분을 평가한다. 4) 위의 적응증에 해당하는 모든 임상실험연구를 찾아내어 기존의 고찰내용을 갱신한다. 방법: 1) 무작위 표본추출 임상 실험, 침치료, 거짓침 치료, 대기자 명단 대조군, 출발시점 4주, 28주 관찰 2) 무작위 표본추출 임상 실험, 침치료, 표준약물치료 대조군, 츨발시점 4주, 28주 관찰 3) 전향적 다중 의료기관 관찰 연구, 두 가지 다른 자료를 활용하여서, 치료 결과를 침 시술자에 의한 모든 환자 평가 자료와, 열 두 명의 환자 가운데 한 명의 환자로부터 직접 받은 평가 자료 (관찰 출발시점, 치료 출발 시점, 치료 시작 후 6 개월) 실험공간: 1) and 2) 높은 수준의 수련을 한 침 시술 의사가 시술하는 병원이나 일차 진료기관의 외래. 3) 보건 의료 서비스내 저급의 침 시술 의사 (140 시간 수강, 학점 이수 필수) 참가자: 1) $4{\times}320$ 편두통의 예방, 긴장성 두통, 요통, 무릎과 고관절의 골관절염 환자 2) 480 편두통 환자(긴장성 두통 환자 추가적) 3) 약 500,000 환자, 2년 반 동안: 대략 한 적응증 당 10,000 환자 치료법: 모든 침치료 자리는 체침만 허용함. 1) 진짜 침은 학파의 지침에 따른 심자, 거짓 침은 비특이적 자리의 표피만 찌르는 자침 (12-15회, 8주): 대기자 대조군은 12주 동안에 아무 치료도 받지 않는다. 2) Group 1(N=240): 최대 15회 치료, 12주 동안: Group II (N=240) 투약 Proponolol (80-240mg), Metoprolol (100-200mg) or Flunarizin (5-10mg) 하루, 16주 이상 3) 치료회수와 침자리의 선정은 참가자가 결정 주된 임상 결과 지표: 1) 군 간의 치료 전 및 치료 진행 도중 4주 마다의 두통을 느낀 날 수의 차이 (평균 혹은 이상의 편두통이나 긴장성 두통) 2) 요통환자 군간의 기능을 측정하는 FFbH-R (Funktionsfragebogen Hannover) 비교 3) 관절염 환자의 군간 WOMAC 지표 비교 4) 군 간의 24주 동안 두통을 느낀 날 수의 차이(평균 혹은 이상의 편두통이나 긴장성 두통) 5) 적응증, 부작용, 성공율에 대한 거시적 평가, 사용한 침수, 환자의 만족도, SES(?). ADS(?) 통증 장애 지표(PDI), 삶의 질 지표(SF36). 예비 결과 위의 결과가 큰 관찰 연구에 초점을 맞추면서 소개될 것임.