• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.701-716
• /
• 2023

Microplastics (<5 mm diameter) in aquatic environments adsorb heavy metals, potentially exposing humans to their toxic effects via food chains. We investigated factors influencing the adsorption of heavy metals on microplastics in aquatic environments, examining their adsorption processes and mechanisms. Adsorption characteristics vary with polymer type, crystallinity, particle size, and environmental conditions (pH, temperature, weathering), and the adsorption capacity for heavy metals increases with weathering and reduction in polymer particle size. However, correlations between environment temperature, polymer crystallinity, and adsorption capacity for heavy metals could not be confirmed. The adsorption behavior of heavy metals can be explained in terms of physicochemical adsorption processes and evaluated through adsorption kinetics and isothermal studies, with multiple mechanisms usually being involved. An understanding of the adsorption of heavy metals by microplastics should aid evaluation of the potential risks of microplastics in aquatic environments.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.10 no.spc
• /
• pp.177-209
• /
• 2004

This paper provides a theoretical and conceptual framework for understanding adolescent culture and educational achievement in Korea. In the first part of the paper, the authors outline a research paradigm in cultural psychology and adolescent culture. In the second section, the traditional family structure, the role of parents, and how they have been changed by modernization are outlined. In the third section, socialization practices and parent-child relationship are reviewed. In the fourth section, Western theories that have been developed to explain educational achievement and their limitations are examined. In the fifth section, factors that contribute to educational success of Korean students are presented. In the final section, the impact of centralized, standardized, and rigid educational system that is imposed on adolescents is discussed. The highly regulated and centralized bureaucracy restricts educational and career opportunities for adolescents and it is responsible for the high rate of violence, delinquency, and bullying in Korea. The need for encouraging civil society that allows for diversity of ideas and skills and at the same time maintaining strong relational bonds are discussed.

• Information Systems Review
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.181-203
• /
• 2023

With the fierce competition of companies for the attraction of outstanding individuals, job satisfaction of employees has been of importance. In this circumstance, many companies try to invest in job satisfaction improvement by finding employees' everyday experiences and difficulties. However, due to a lack of understanding of the employee experience, their investments are not paying off. This study examined the relationship between employee experience and job satisfaction using employee reviews and company ratings from Glassdoor, one of the largest employee communities worldwide. We use text mining techniques such as K-means clustering and LDA topic-based sentiment analysis to extract key experience factors by job level, and DistilBERT sentiment analysis to measure the sentiment score of each employee experience factor. The drawn employee experience factors and each sentiment score were analyzed quantitatively, and thereby relations between each employee experience factor and job satisfaction were analyzed. As a result, this study found that there is a significant difference between the workplace experiences of managers and general employees. In addition, employee experiences that affect job satisfaction also differed between positions, such as customer relationship and autonomy, which did not affect the satisfaction of managers. This study used text mining and quantitative modeling method based on theory of work adjustment so as to find and verify main factors of employee experience, and thus expanded research literature. In addition, the results of this study are applicable to the personnel management strategy for improving employees' job satisfaction, and are expected to improve corporate productivity ultimately.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.33
• /
• pp.51-80
• /
• 2012

This study is to summarize main contents which was mentioned by Beomseok Kim' doctoral dissertation. The purpose of this study focuses on presenting the outplacement countermeasure and retention level examination analysis about outplacement competency of special security government official through implement of questionnaire method. The questionnaire for retention level examination including four groups of outplacement competency and twenty subcategories was implemented in the object of six hundered persons relevant to outplacement more than forty age and five grade administration official of special security government officials, who have outplacement experiences as outplacement successors, outplacement losers, and outplacement expectants, in order to achieve this research purpose effectively. The questionnaire examination items are four groups of outplacement competency and twenty subcategories which are the group of knowledge competency & four subcategories including expert knowledge, outplacement knowledge, self comprehension, and organization comprehension, the group of skill competency & nine subcategories including job skill competency, job performance skill, problem-solving skill, reforming skill, communication skill, organization management skill, crisis management skill, career development skill, and human network application skill, the group of attitude-emotion competency & seven subcategories including positive attitude, active attitude, responsibility, professionalism, devoting-sacrificing attitude, affinity, and self-controlling ability, and the group of value-ethics competency & two subcategories including ethical consciousness and morality. The respondents highly regard twenty-two outplacement competency and they consider themselves well-qualified for the subcategories valued over 4.0 such as the professional knowledge, active attitude, responsibility, ethics and morality while they mark the other subcategories below average still need to be improved. Thus, the following is suggestions for successful outplacement. First, individual effort is essential to strengthen their capabilities based on accurate self evaluation, for which the awareness and concept need to be redefined to help them face up to the reality by readjusting career goal to a realistic level. Second, active career development plan to improve shortcoming in terms of outplacement competency is required. Third, it is necessary to establish the infrastructure related to outplacement training such as ON-OFF Line training system and facilities for learning to reinforce user-oriented outplacement training as a regular training course before during after the retirement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.146-153
• /
• 2010

The objectives of this study were to explore food-related lifestyle segments of the older consumers, to identify its socio-demographic characteristics, and to investigate the differences in variables regarding health beliefs. A survey was conducted of adults 55 years of age and older living in Seoul, South Korea from March 28 to April 10, 2007. Out of the 500 distributed questionnaires, 361 were retained for final analysis: a response rate of 72.2%. As a result of cluster analysis, five consumer segments were identified; health-managing group, diet-unconcerned group, convenience-oriented group, taste-oriented group, unpracticed group. Significant differences were found among the five segments in terms of socio-demographic characteristics and variables regarding health beliefs (i.e., perceived self-efficacy, perceived barriers, perceived benefits). In the health-managing group and taste-oriented group, mean scores of perceived self-efficacy (p<0.001) and perceived benefits (p<0.001) were significantly higher than other groups. However, in the diet-unconcerned group and convenience-oriented group, the mean scores of perceived barriers (p<0.01) were significantly high. This study shows that foodservice operators targeting the older consumers should consider characteristics of each segment to develop a customized program.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.265-270
• /
• 2014

Hearing-impaired people have difficulty in hearing, so it is also hard for them to learn letters that represent sound and text that conveys complex and abstract concepts. Therefore it has been natural choice for the hearing-impaired people to use sign language for communication, which employes facial expression, and hands and body motion. However, the major communication methods in daily life are text and speech, which are big obstacles for the hearing-impaired people to access information, to learn and make intellectual activities, and to get jobs. As delivering information via internet become common the hearing-impaired people are experiencing more difficulty in accessing information since internet represents information mostly in text forms. This intensifies unbalance of information accessibility. This paper reports web-based text-to-sign language translating system that helps web designer to use sign language in web page design. Since the system is web-based, if web designers are equipped with common computing environment for internet browsing, they can use the system. The web-based text-to-sign language system takes the format of bulletin board as user interface. When web designers write paragraphs and post them through the bulletin board to the translating server, the server translates the incoming text to sign language, animates with 3D avatar and records the animation in a MP4 file. The file addresses are fetched by the bulletin board and it enables web designers embed the translated sign language file into their web pages by using HTML5 or Javascript. Also we analyzed text used by web pages of public services, then figured out new words to the translating system, and added to improve translation. This addition is expected to encourage wide and easy acceptance of web pages for hearing-impaired people to public services.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 1970

적혈구(赤血球) 수명의 측정에는 $^{51}Cr$-표지적혈구법(標識赤血球法)이 임상적(臨床的)으로 이용(利用)되고 있으며 이는 이론상(理論上) steady state 즉(卽) 측정기간(測定期間)동안 순환(循環) $^{51}Cr$량(量)-적혈구량(赤血球量)이 일정(一定)할 때에 한(限)하여 유효(有效)하며 unsteady state 때는 true red cell survival을 알기 위하여서는 측정치에 영향을 주는 요인(要因)에 대하여 각각(各各) 교정(校正)해 줄 필요(必要)가 있다. 이 요인(要因)중에 특히 실혈(失血)로 인(因)한 영향에 관(關)하여는 계통적인 연구(硏究)가 적다. 이에 저자(著者)들은 $^{51}Cr$표지적혈구법(標識赤血球法)을 이용(利用)하여 실혈(失血)이 적혈구(赤血球) 수명측정(測定)에 미치는 영향을 인체(人體)에서 실험 관찰하여 몇가지 성적을 얻었다. 연구대상(硏究對象)은 총(總) 56명(名)의 청장년(靑壯年)으로 급성실혈군(急性失血群)과 만성실혈군(慢性失血群)으로 구분(區分)하여 급성실혈군(急性失血群)은 위장출혈등(胃腸出血等)이 없는 2대(代)의 의대생(醫大生)으로 $^{51}Cr$표지적혈구법(標識赤血球法)을 사용하여 적혈구(赤血球) 수명을 측정하는 동안($10{\sim}14$ 일간(日間)) 1일당(日當) 10ml(6명(名)), 25ml(4명(名)), 50ml(4명(名)), 75ml(4명(名)), 100ml(6명(名))를 각각(各各) 사혈(瀉血)한 군(群)과 10일간(日間) 1,000ml를 사혈한 군(群) 즉 200ml씩 5회(回)(4명(名)), 500ml씩 2회(回)(4명(名))로 세분(細分)하였으며 만성실혈군(慢性失血群)은 직업적인 공혈자(供血者)로 반복사혈로 생긴 9명(名)의 빈혈자와 십이지장충증(十二指腸蟲症)에 감염(感染)되어 구충(驅蟲)한 중등도(中等度)의 철결핍성 빈혈환자 7명(名)으로 나누어 관찰하였다. 측정(測定) 방법(方法)으로는 Gray 및 Sterling법(法)을 개설한 방법(方法)으로 $^{51}Cr$표지적혈구(標識赤血球)의 계측시료(計測試料)로서 전혈(全血) 및 적혈구(赤血球)를 사용(使用)하였다. 실험(實驗)성적은 1. 1일당(日當) 실혈량(失血量)이 증가(增加)할수록 적혈구(赤血球)수명($T\frac{1}{2}$)은 짧아짐을 알 수 있었다. 즉(卽) 1일당(日當) $20{\sim}50ml$ 사혈군에서는 $T\frac{1}{2}$이 현저히 짧아지는 rapid phase을 나타내고 1일당(日當) 50ml이상(以上) 사혈군에서는 짧아지는 정도(程度)가 완만한 slow phase을 나타낸다(Fig. 6). 2. 1일량(日量) 10ml 및 25ml식(式) 사혈한 군(群)의 적혈구수명(赤血球壽命)을 측정(測定)하는데 있어 적혈구(赤血球)를 사용하였을 때에는 $T\frac{1}{2}$측 정치에 유의한 차(差)가 없었으며 이 범위 내에서는 Hct., Hb. 및 혈청철치(血淸鐵値)도 역시 유의한 차(差)가 없었다. 3. 1일량(日量) 50ml 및 75ml, 100ml씩 사혈한 군(群)에서는 적혈구(赤血球)만을 사용(使用)하였을 때와 전혈(全血)을 시료(試料)로 하였을 때 사이에 $T\frac{1}{2}$의 측정치에 유의한 차(差)가 있었으며 이 때는 Hct., Hb. 및 혈청철치(血淸鐵値)에도 변화(變化)가 있었다. 즉(卽), 전혈(全血)을 사용한 적혈구(赤血球) 수명($T\frac{1}{2}$)의 측정치가 적혈구(赤血球)만를 사용(使用)한 적혈구(赤血球) 수명($T\frac{1}{2}$)의 측정치 보다 짧았다. 4. 일정(一定)기간(10 일(日)) 사혈의 총량(1000ml)이 같을 매는 200ml를 5회(回) 사혈한 군(群)이나 500ml를 2회(回) 사혈한 군(群) 사이에 적혈구(赤血球) 수명($T\frac{1}{2}$)에 유의(有義)한 차(差)를 볼 수 없었다. 5. 직업적 공혈자의 반복사혈로 인(因)한 만성(慢性) 빈혈환자 9명(名)에서의 $^{51}Cr$적혈구(赤血球)수명($T\frac{1}{2}$) 측정치는 평균(平均) 19.2일(日)로 짧아져 있으나 적혈구수명측정전후(赤血球壽命測定前後)에 충분(充分)한 철제(鐵劑)를 투여(投與)하여 Hct., Hb. 및 혈청철치(血淸鐵値)를 증가(增加)시켰으며 이때 볼 수 있었든 Hct치(値)를 규준(規準)하여 교정한 적혈구(赤血球)수명($T\frac{1}{2}$)은 거의 정상(正常)범위 안에 있어(27.6일(日)) 이러한 인자(因子)를 고려하지 않으면 잘못 이해할 수가 있다. 6. 구충자충(鉤蟲仔蟲)을 구충한 7명(名)의 중등도(中等度) 철(鐵)결핍성 빈혈환자에서의 적혈구(赤血球)수명($T\frac{1}{2}$) 측정치는 25일(日)$\sim$31일(日)로 평균(平均) 28일(日)이었으며, 이때 장 출혈량은 1일(日) $1.0{\sim}3.5ml$이었다. 단시일내의 급성실혈시에는 이와같은 소량의 실혈(失血)도 적혈구(赤血球)수명($T\frac{1}{2}$) 측정치에 영향을 보여 줌을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 이러한 정도의 실혈은 실험오차에 기인하는 것인지 아니면 장기 출혈에서는 이러한 소량의 실혈이 적혈구(赤血球)수명($T\frac{1}{2}$) 측정에 영향을 미치지 않는 것인지는 아직 확실히 말할 수 없다. 8. $^{51}Cr$-표지적혈구(標識赤血球)로 측정한 적혈구(赤血球)수명($T\frac{1}{2}$)은 측정시의 실혈량(失血量)에 큰 영향을 받음을 알 수 있으며 저자(著者)들은 $^{51}Cr$표지적혈구(標識赤血球)를 이용(利用)한 적혈구(赤血球) 수명 측정때 검사기간중 실혈량이 적혈구수명치(赤血球壽命値)에 미치는 관계를 상술(上述)한 실험치(實驗値)를 기초(基礎)로 하여 다음과 같을 교정식(校正式)을 고찰(考察)해 보았다. $^{51}Cr\;T\frac{1}{2}=17.0e^{-0.0495}+18.4e^{-0.000924x}$ 단(但) X : 1일(日) 실혈량(失血量)(단위(單位) ml)

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.95-118
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the contents of housing related to characters, objectives, and contents of FCS curricular from the 1st to 2009 revised curriculum of secondary school. The data were downloaded from the NCIC homepage(http://www.ncic.re.kr/2012. 04. 08) from the 1st(1955. 08) to 2009 revised curriculum(2012. 03) of secondary school. After examining the characters and objectives of each curriculum, contents of housing was analyzed by units and context elements of middle and high school separately. The titles of the subject, the objectives, the instructions, the leaning spheres, weekly hours, grade and gender of candidates, the emphasis of the instruction, etc. have been changed through the curriculum revision. The 6th curriculum was the main period to open to both genders, the $7^{th}$ was the period to combine with technology, the 2007 version was to change the structure of contents of home economics, and the 2009 version switched technology home economics from mandatory to optional in high school. The character of the courses was presented at the 1st curriculum, but it was left out from the $2^{nd}$ to $5^{th}$ curriculum. From the $6^{th}$ curriculum, the characters were separately given to middle and high school. The character of housing area started to appear only in high school home economics from the $7^{th}$ curriculum. The course objectives were described in all curriculum of both middle and high school. This applies to housing area as well. The course objectives have been modified in order to reflect value changes due to social issues. During each curriculum, contents of housing continued to change in context, course load, and candidates. Reflection of housing trends and social needs were the main causes of the change. 2009 version emphasizes on eco-life and sense of community.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.17-32
• /
• 2016

This exploratory study which applied environmental scanning method to analyse a change in a future society tried to diagnose a reaction ability of our education system for the change in the future society. In addition, the study tried to explore an adequate direction for Home Economics Subject to be an mandatory subject continuously toward the change in the future society. Main changes in the future society can be expected as 1) demographic change due to low birth rate and aging society, 2) an increasing threat of a human living environment due to unexpectable natural disasters and accidents, 3) a radical progress into a ubiquitous computing environment led by AI, 4) an advent of a borderless economic society and a change for jobs, 5) a change in North Korea, and so on. Our education system which mostly concentrates on education to develop constructive intelligence by halving the society and schooling as yet, however, is diagnosed as it has a paradox that can not understand an emotional competency as a target for studying. Home Economics Subject is worth as the subject that can exactly complement a blind spot of our education system which can not respond to the future society adequately. This is because Home Economics Subject has had a characteristic as a 'Subject of Life' traditionally that has dealt with an overall 'life' of human beings, and the characteristic is favorable to develop human practical intelligence. Thus, because the 'life' is the main point of Home Economics Subject, it has the characteristic as a 'Subject of Happiness' which is the most effective method to develop a tendency to appreciate, a sense of empathy, and lots of pro-social behaviors that are important capacities to seek for happiness. As Alderfer's ERG Theory is to understand human beings' behavior based on the satisfactory of human beings' hierarchical desires, it is suggested as an adequate frame for the theory to restructure the characteristic of Home Economics Subject which develops the 'capacity to seek for happiness' by focusing the 'life', into core concept and core capacity of curriculum. A follow-up study should make a connection between ERG Theory and core concept and core capacity of curriculum to explore how the theory can be reflected on Home Economics curriculum.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.169-187
• /
• 1995

Contemporary US metropolitan areas have undergone divergent economic transformation, and as a result labor markets have become the focus of concern in their role as determinants of earnings attainment. Explanations of individual earnings attainmnent as a lobor market outcome have been established in two diafferent stances one who emphasizes personal or group attributes in the human capital perspective and the other who emphasizes economic structure in the labor market segmentation perspective. While remaining at the conceptual level and yet relatively unexplored, the importance of place in labormarket operation is a significant advancement as it appears in labor market areas and local labor markets considering that labor market areas represent the intersection of labor market structure and individual labor market experiences at specific geographic places. The substantive inquiry of this study was to explore labor market characteristics and their differentiation across large metropolitan areas, and assess their effects on the individual earnings attainment. Integating individual attributes and labor market characteristics as major factors of labor market operation, this study intended to contextualize individual earnings attainment with geographic labor market areas. Using 1990 US population census 5% "Public-Use Microdata Samples, " the largest 65 metropolitan areas were first selected and employed male workers who are aged between 25 and 50 for whites, blacks, asians, and hispanics. As an initial step earnings differentials between racial/ethnic groups and selected 65 metropolitan areas were examined using analysis of variance, and then earnings differentials were attributed to the individual attributes such as education, age, and immigration status, and four dimensions of metropolitan labor market differentiation devised by principal component analysis of industrial and occupational segments: Public versus Blue Collar Core(CS1), Finance-Core Utility versus Blue Collar Local Monopoly (CS2), Oligopoly versus Blue Collar Periphery(CS3), and Self Employed-White Collar Periphery versus Low-Skill Core(CS4). As a final analysis, individual earnings were related to each individual attribute and its interaction with metropolitan labor market characteristics to examine how the differentiated metropolitan labor market characteristics alter the role of individual attributes on earnings attainment. The findings indicated that individual attributes, education in particular exert significant effects on earnings attainment, but their effects were significantly altered by metropolitan labor market characterristics. Particularly important dimensions were: Oligopoly differentiated from Blue Colla Periphery metropolitan areas enhancing earnings returns to individual attributes for all groups but minority groups (black, asians, hispanics) rely more on this, and Finance-Core Utility differentiated from Blue Collar Local Monopoly metropolitan areas provide higher earnings returns to whites exclusively. These findings suggest that individuals with identical individual attributes involving racial/ethnic categories would have different earnings atteinments depending on the metropolitan labor market characteristics where they reside. Referring back to the major traditions of the human capital and the labor market segmentation in labor market research, the interaction between individual attributes and metropolitan labor market haracteristics on earnings attainment highlights the complimentary nature of the two on earnings determination in particular geographic places, Hence, labor market characteristics differentiatcd across metropolitan areas are an integral part of labor market operation which should be considered for the explanation of individual earnings attainment and racial/ethnic group earnings differentials. Gcographic places are the important contexts for labor market segmentation and individual labor market experiences. In conclusion, this study brings geographic labor markets to the forefront in the examination of individuals' earnings attainments. The empirical vaidation of the role of metropolitan labor market charecteristics on earnings attainment, while exploratory contributes towards a broader perspective of geographic labor market research that recognizes that individuals' labor market experiences are intertwined with geographic contexts of labor market operatin. operatin.