• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.79-94
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• 2004

This research studied the preservation treatment of the papered literature the national treasure 745-9 $\ulcorner$Keumganggyung-samgahae$\lrcorner$, discovered in 1995 from the Four Devas of Borimsa Buddhist Temple at Jangheung County, in the viewpoint of the bibliography. The overall features of the $\ulcorner$Keumganggyung-samgahae$\lrcorner$ were of 25.3cm width, 38.9cm height 1.5cm depth, 58 pages and of high-fine yellow-brown colored reef paper. The book was ruined physically in the shape and color. The covers of the book were deeply stained by the permeated rain and some internal pages were changing into brown color by corrosion. The treatment policies were； maintaining the status quo and capable repeated treatment. And the preservation treatment was done in the sequences of 1) 1st cleaning process, 2) repairing and correcting, 3) 2nd cleaning and preservation 4) cutting, binding the book and making the envelope and wood box. The post-preservation features of $\ulcorner$Keumganggyung-samgahae$\lrcorner$ were； total 64 pages and the size being 25.8 cm width 39.4cm of lenght, and 1.9cm of depth.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.220-227
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• 2010

Fatty acids in seed oil from plants are essential for human nutrients and have been used for industrial purpose. The growing demands of seed oil as food resources and feedstocks for industrial uses have attempted to modify fatty acid composition and to increase oil content in transgenic plants. However, production of unusual fatty acids in transgenic plants are limited, which is not synthesized the level same as original plants. This bottleneck was common for production of several unusual fatty acids in transgenic plants and suggests that there is different for substrate preference in oil metabolic pathway enzymes between host oil plants and original wild plants. Review of acyltransferases involved in acyl-editing and seed oil accumulation of oil plant and wild-plant producing unusual fatty acids will design strategies to maximize the production of unusual fatty acids in transgenic plants. In here, we identified eleven acyltransferase genes in castor based on sequence homology, which will be useful to increase hydroxy unusual fatty acids in transgenic plants.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.698-701
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• 2007

지하수 개발가능량 산정을 위한 함양량의 평가는 수문계의 물리적인 형태나 함수층의 수리성 분석 및 수직인 지질분포를 파악하여 어떤 조건하에서 물이 유입 유출되는가를 파악한 후에만 가능하다. 또한 지하수계의 물리적인 형태를 이해함으로써 조사지역의 지표수계나 지하수계의 양계를 통해서 흐르는 물의 양을 결정짓는 물수지 분석이 수행되어야 한다. 이에 따라 강수량, 증발산량, 지하수 유출량, 지표유출량 그리고 하천유출량 등을 수문학적으로 고려해야만 한다. 본 연구는 지표수-지하수 결합모형을 도입하여 분포형 지하수 함양량의 시공간적인 변동성을 파악하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 지표수-지하수 결합모형인 SWAT-K모형을 미호천 유역에 적용하였으며, 지표수의 총유출량과 지하수위의 공간분포자료를 이용하여 검정과 검증을 수행하였다. 전체유역에 대한 연평균 함양량은 수문총량의 약 19%인 것으로 나타났다. 1999년${\sim}$2004년까지의 소유역별 연간 함양량 결과를 월별로 나타냈으며, HRU(Hydrologic Response Unit)별 함양량의 공간분포를 통해 월별, 계절별 특성을 살펴볼 수 있었다. 소유역 모두 강수가 집중하는 7-9월에 걸쳐 많은 함양이 이루어지며 $1{\sim}3$월에는 상대적으로 함양이 적은 것을 볼 수 있다. 월함양량의 경우 최대 약200mm범위내에서 유역의 토지이용 및 토양특성, 경사등에 따라 매우 비균질하게 분포하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이와같은 함양량의 시공간적 불균일성으로 인해 지하수 관리방안은 소유역별 함양특성을 반영해야 할 것으로 판단된다.의 종분산지수가 일반적인 자연대수층에 비해 9.1배 정도 높다는 것을 의미한다. 이는 시험대수층의 투수성이 매우 높아 염소이온의 용질이송이 매우 빠르게 발생되었기 때문이다. 본 연구에서 추정된 종분산지수를 Gelhar et al.(1992)의 연구 결과와 비교 분석한 결과에서도 시험규모에 비해 매우 높은 수리분산이 발생된 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 염소이온의 확산면적을 추정하기 위해, 수렴흐름 추적자시험에 의한 종분산지수와 시험대수층의 평균선형유속을 이용하여 종분산계수를 구하였다. 현장에서 수행된 양수시험에 의한 평균선형유속 22.44 m/day와 평균 종분산지수 0.4155 m를 적용하여 산정된 종분산계수는 $9.32\;m^2/day$이었다. 따라서, 시험부지 내 충적층에서 일정한 양수율$(2,500\;m^3/day)$로 지하수를 개발할 시에 양수정 주변지역으로 유입되는 염소이온의 확산면적은 1일 $9.32\;m^2$ 정도일 것으로 나타났다.적인 $OH{\cdot}$ 의 생성은 ascorbate가 조직손상에 관여할 가능성을 시사하였다.었다. 정확한 예측치를 얻기 위하여 불균질 조직이 조사야에 포함되는 경우 보정이 요구되며, 골반의 경우 골 조직의 보정이 중요한 요인임을 알 수 있었다. 이를 위하여 불균질 조직에 대한 정확한 정보가 요구되며, 이는 CT 영상을 이용하는 것이 크게 도움이 되리라 생각된다.전시 슬러지층과 상등액의 온도차를 측정하여 대사열량의 발생량을 측정하고 슬러지의 활성을 측정할 수 있는 방법을 개발하였다.enin과 Rhaponticin

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.367-375
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• 2006

The chemical components, lipid class, and fatty acid composition of muscle from male and female common squid, Todarodes pacificus, were examined to evaluate the potential utilization of muscle from fin, head, arms, and tentacles, which consumers usually like less than the mantle. The mantle was found to constitute 47-49% of the total muscle and the proportion was slightly higher in females than in males. For the remaining 51-53% of the muscle, the only gender difference was that the arms of males contained approximately 3% more muscle than those of females (P<0.05). The protein content was higher in the mantle, arms, and tentacles than in the fin and head in both males and females (P<0.05), and was slightly higher in males (15.7-20.7%) than in females (15.1-19.2%). By contrast, the lipid content was slightly higher in females (1.82-2.54%) than in males (1.01-2.37%), and the fins in both males and females contained the most lipids (2.37-2.54%) of all muscle. The prominent lipid classes in the muscles were free sterol (males 81.5-91.9% vs. females 84.9-91.8% for the non-polar lipid content), phosphatidylcholine (PC, males 59.3-62.4% vs. females 49.2-57.8% for the phospholipid content) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE, males 22.0-28.8% vs. females 25.6-33.8% for the phospholipid content). The percentage of PC was approximately 5-10% higher in males (P<0.05), especially in the fin, while that of PE was approximately 3-5% higher in female (P<0.05), especially in the head. All of the squid muscle contained 52.1-54.9% of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Males contained slightly more DHA, whereas female contained more EPA. The total percentage of n-3 PUFA differed little among muscles within the same gender.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.376-383
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• 2006

The chemical components, lipid class, and fatty acid composition of the viscera from male and female common squid, Todarodes pacificus, were examined to evaluate the possible utilization of the liver, reproductive organs, and gills. In male and female squid, the viscera comprise 21% and 27% of the body weight, respectively. The protein content of the viscera was slightly higher in females (17.7-19.5%) than in males (15.6-17.2%). This was especially marked in the female reproductive organs, while there was little difference in the gill. The liver contained the largest amounts of lipids (17.2-18.6%) and the levels were higher in males than in females (P<0.01). By contrast, the reproductive organs of females contained more lipids than did those of males (4.68% vs. 1.65%, p<0.01). The prominent non-polar lipid (NL) classes were triacylglycerol (51.9-55.4% of the NL content) and sterol ester (16.3-21.8%) in the liver, and free sterol (47.0-68.5%) and free fatty acids (31.5-41.2%) in the reproductive organs. However, there were no significant differences in the NL classes between sexes. The percentage of the most prominent phospholipid (PL) class, phosphatidylcholine (PC), was highest in the liver (78.1-79.6% of the PL content), and there was no significant difference between the sexes. By contrast, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was highest in the reproductive organs (33.4%), and was higher in males than in females (P<0.05). All the visceral organs contained 36.4-48.5% of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The DHA level was highest in female reproductive organs (32.3%), while EPA was high in male reproductive organs. These results demonstrate that the viscera of male and female common squid are a good source of DHA and EPA.

• Proceedings of the Korean Quaternary Association Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.23-25
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• 2006

제4기 만빙기에서 후빙기 사이의 기후변화는 인류문명에 있어 정착생활 및 농경활동과 더불어 잉여생산물 저장을 위한 토기제작 등과 같은 생활상의 변화를 가져 온 계기가 되었다(F.M. Chambers, 1993; Guoyu Ren, 1998; Mori Y, 2002; Martin Bell et al., 2004). 식물화석, 화분, 식물규소체 등의 대리자료(proxy data)를 이용하여 이시기의 식생환경을 밝히는 것은 고생태복원분야 뿐 아니라 당시의 환경변수들 을 추정하여 인간활동에 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는지에 대한 중요한 정보를 제공해준다. 그러나 홀로세 초기 환경은 인간에게 지대한 영향을 미쳤으나 후기로 올수록 인간 스스로가 환경을 변화시키는 주체가 되었다(Martin Bell et al., 2004). Meyer&Turner(1994)는 인간활동이 자연적인 영향보다 생물구에 시계열적인 변화를 가져왔다고 하였으며, R.B Singh(1995)는 현재뿐 아니라 과거까지 다양한 인위 적인 간섭이 전지구적인 환경변화를 야기 시키는 주된 원인이라고 하였다. 따라서 환경을 복원한다는 것은 바로 그 지역을 생활 터전으로 삼았던 당시 선사인들의 생활상을 간접적으로 들여다 볼 수 있는 기회를 제공해준다. 현재까지 국내 고고학 유적지에서 이루어진 대부분의 발굴조사는 유물과 유구를 토대로 당시 선사인의 생활상을 밝히는데 중점을 두었으나 최근 인간과 영향을 주고 받았을 환경에 관심을 갖고 이를 통해 역으로 인간활동을 추적하려는 다수의 연구들이 제4기학, 고고학, 지리학, 인류학, 생물학, 농학, 기후학 등 다양한 분야에서 학제간 연구로 진행되고 있다(황상일 등, 1999; 조현종, 2000; 김주용 등, 2002; 최정민, 2004; 윤순옥 등, 2005). 그러나 이러한 연구에 있어서 어떠한 대리자료(proxy data)를 어떻게 고고학 유적지에 적절하게 적용시킬 것인지 대리자료의 조성변화나 값의 해석에 있어서 기후인자와 인간영향을 어떻게 분리해 낼 것인지에 대한 문제점이 남는다. 예를 들어 화분분석의 경우 1차적인 환경변화에 따른 식생조성변화를 반영한다. 인간이 활발한 농경활동을 하게 되면서 주변식생을 제거하게 되고, 제거된 나대지에는 재배작물과 잡초들이 자라게 된다. 그리고 이들 화분은 주변 소택지에 퇴적물과 함께 퇴적되어 화분분석 결과 벼과(科)(Gramineae)와 문화지표수종이라 부르는 여뀌속(屬)(Persicaria), 국화과(科)(Composite), 쑥속(屬)(Artemisia), 쐐기풀속(屬)(Urtica) 등의 화분에 있어 확연한 조성변화를 보여준다. 그러나 화분을 이용한 분석은 토탄층이나 유기질 퇴적물이라는 한정된 토양에서만 분석이 가능하며, 조성변화에 있어서 역시 기후와 인간활동의 영향 모두를 반영하기 때문에 이를 구분해 주는 명확한 기준이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 다양한 대리자료 중 고고학 유적지에 적용 가능한 동식물 화석 및 미화석, 지리, 지질학적 자료에 어떠한 것들을 적용할 수 있는지를 살피고, 몇 가지 대리자료를 중심으로 선사인의 농경활동에 대해 살펴보고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.905-910
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• 2002

4-Hydroxyalkenals are cytotoxic aldehydes generated by the oxidation of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. To evaluate the potential risk of 4-hydroxyalkenals on Koreans, quantitative data of various oils are necessary. Simultaneous monitoring of 4-hydroxyhexenal and 4-hydroxynoneal in 39 samples including new and used ones through single ion monitoring mode of GC/MS detected both aldehydes in all samples tested, ranging from 0.21 to 26.9 nmol/g for 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal and 0.06 to 56.6 nmol/g for 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Frying oils collected from local markets showed 2.28-7.90 and 8.31-30.5 nmol/g of 4-hydroxyhexenal and 4-hydroxynoneal, respectively. National health and nutrition survey data were employed to determine the exposure effect to these 4-hydroxyalkenals from the four most consumed oils in Korea. Daily exposures to hydroxyalkenals excluding possible exposure from fried food were $1.9\;{\mu}g$ from soybean oil, $0.5\;{\mu}g$ from sesame oil, $0.2\;{\mu}g$ from corn oil, and $0.1\;{\mu}g$ from perilla oil. Due to the increasing consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids in Korea, these data may provide valuable information for evaluating possible physiological effects of 4-hydroxyalkenals from vegetable oils.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.261-270
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• 2006

Two-dimensional (2-D) inversion of magnetotelluric (MT) data for two survey lines having south-north direction from Jeju Island has been carried out. Broad band MT sounding curves with good quality could be gathered by performing audio-frequency magnetotelluric (AMT) survey during the MT survey and by operating the remote reference in Kyushu Island, Japan. Comparison of the 2-D inversion model using MT band only and that using both AMT and MT bands for the field data as well as for the data from numerical 2-D modeling said that high frequency information from AMT survey can be useful for interpreting not only the shallow part but also the deep structures, especially when the formation is resistive. The 2-D inversion models of field data show a thick layer having around 10 ohm-m in the depth of a few hundred meters throughout the survey area, which can be considered as the unconsolidated sedimentary layer. And they also show a conductive anomaly at the central part of each survey lines. It can be either the effect of the surrounding sea water, or the structures due to ancient volcanic events. But unfortunately by now, we do not have any further information about the anomaly.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2015

The measurement of hydration level in the surface layer of the skin, stratum corneum (SC), gives important information on the biophysical properties and function of the skin barrier such as softness, flexibility, and healthiness of the skin. But it is difficult to measure a consistent hydration level from a sample to another sample due to individual variations and environmental changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate objective hydration after using various products in the SC. The SC Hydration was measured by capacitance (Corneometer$^{(R)}$, C+K, Germany) on the ventral site of forearm from 40 healthy volunteers. The skin surface was chronologically measured immediately after application of the test products and 3 and 6 hours later. We analyzed the averages of five measurements of each site and used the hydration increase rate for correction on untreated site variation. We found that most polyols including glycerol and butylenes glycol influenced directly the hydration increase rate in the SC previously. In this study, glycerol was used to prepare the standard products from 0 to 20 percents and applied to the same volunteers. The individual standard curve showed linear relation to glycerol concentrations. Based on the the standard curve, hydration of SC was converted into hydration increase rate to glycerol concentrations. The converted glycerol concentrations of products were repetitive and reproducible. In addition, the individual standard curve was used to relate the skin type of each individual. These results suggest that the hydration of the SC standardized regardless of external variation and individual skin condition can explain detailed skin state variation. Further studies will be conducted with other ingredients such as surfactants, lipids and aqueous materials, and with other methods for noninvasive measurement.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.08a
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• pp.92-116
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• 1999

Tomographic approaches to image underground structure using electrical properties, can be divided into DC resistivity, electromagnetic, and radar tomography, based on the operating frequency. DC resistivity and radar tomography methods have been recently applied to site investigation for engineering purpose in Korea. This paper review these two tomography methods, through the case histories acquired in Korea. As another method of borehole radar survey, borehole radar reflection method is included, and its inherent problem and solution are discussed, how to find the azimuth angle of reflector using direction-finding-antenna. Since the velocity anisotropy of radar wave has been commonly encountered in field data, anisotropic radar tomography is discussed in this paper. In DC resistivity tomography, two subjects are focussed, electrode arrays, and borehole effect owing to the conductive fluid in borehole. Using the numerical modeling data, various kinds of electrode ways are compared, and borehole effect is illustrated. Most of the case histories presented in this paper are compared with known geology, core logging data, and/or Televiewer images.