• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.17 no.3 s.68
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• pp.234-243
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• 2007

In this paper, it was aimed to enhance core processes required in establishing hydrogeological models constructed using borehole investigation results. Water Conducting Feature(WCF) information was extracted from borehole investigation, and HydroDFN model was constructed based on the WCF information. The HydroDFN model was sub-divided by cubic blocks, and equivalent permeability of each sub-divided block was calculated and compared with the results of hydraulic test at the borehole. Through these analysis processes, suggestion for identifying and prescribing WCF parameters in the construction of HydroDFN model was made.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2014

Lipid membranes composed of phosphatidylcholine (PC) are used in biophysical study to mimic cellular membranes and interactions between the membrane and chemicals, where organics solvents are used in dissolving lipids or chemicals. Later, solvents are removed from the solution under nitrogen gas at room temperature, followed by the further removal of the solvent at vacuum condition for several hours. In this process, some solvents are easily removed under described conditions above and others are required more severe conditions. In this study, $^{31}P$ solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) techniques and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to see any changes in the line shapes of $^{31}P$ NMR spectra of multilamellar vesicles (MLVs) samples of POPC and in the phase change temperature of multilamellar vesicles (MLVs) of DPPC in DSC thermogram with or without any residual solvents. The thermodynamic parameters associated with the solvents did exhibit noticeable changes depending on solvent types. Thus, it is concluded that solvents should be carefully chosen and removed completely and experimental results should also be interpreted with caution particularly for the experiments investigating lipid phase changes and related topics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.467-472
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• 1991

In order to investigate the changes of lipid ingredient and fatty acid content in flint corn by a growth process, total lipids from flint corn(Zea may l.) were extracted, purified and fractionated into three lipid classes (neutral lipid ; NL, glycolipid ; GL, phospolipid ; PL) by silicic acid column chromatography (SACC). Non-polar lipid ingredients and fatty acid contents were determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography (GC). And non-polar lipid ingredients were quantitatived by TLC scanner. The crude oil among proximare composition increased 2.74% to 4.43% and NL and PL were fractionated by SACC increased 48.5% to 86.02%, 1.01% to 2.73%, respectively. But GL decreased 50.4% to 11.25%. Neutral lipid ingredients identified monoglyceride, were 1.1~3.7%, 11.9~16.1%, 2.3~4.2%, 16.7~21.5% and 58.5~63.6%, respectively. The major fatty acids of NL were linoleic (48.9~61.0%), oleic(22.3~34.2%), palmitic (10.3~11.7%) acids and stearic, linolenic acids were also detected as minor components. The ratio of total unsaturated fatty acid to total saturated fatty acid presented a higher percentage of 5.87~6.34. The physico-chemical characteristics of flint corn lipids were presented as specific gravity presented 0.920, refractive index 1.468, saponification value 191.2, unsaponificable matter 0.97%, acid value 0.58 and iodine value 124.6, respectively.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.86
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

지질구조는 카르스트의 층위와 구조상의 배열에 있어서 다양한 카르스트의 지형을 결정한다. 카르스트의 발달은 조산 및 조륙운동, 석회암층의 두께, 구성물질의 유형, 단층 및 습곡의 다양성, 주향 및 절리면의 빈도, 기후변화 및 기상환경, 수문 및 유수의 유형, 토지이용 현황 외 환경오염 등에 따라서 차별성을 나타낸다. 특히 지질구조에 따른 카르스트의 발달은 석회암 등이 유수의 작용에 커다란 용해작용의 영향을 받으므로 지질구조의 요인인 단층과 습곡현황과 절리와 균열 등에 의한 카르스트의 발달에 가장 큰 기여를 한다. 지질구조에 의하여 카르스트 지표지형에는 karren과 hum, mogotes, doline와 uvala, towers, springs, 구조적 유역, Closed Systems 등이 형성되고, 지하지형에는 Phreatic 동굴, Vados 동굴, Chambers, Multileveling cavities, Vertical shafts 등이 형성되는 다양성을 가진다. 한반도에서는 습곡구조에 의한 동공의 발달이 탁월하며, 다단계 및 급사면형 동굴의 유형이 다양하게 분포되고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.294-299
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• 1987

Lipid composition of dried grasshopper which the most significant factor of quality deteriorioration for processing and storage were studied. Also brown pigment formation and its effect of lipid autoxidation were studied. Lipid contents of matured female grasshopper were revealed 5.12% and composed of high content of unsaturated fatty acid. The phospholipid comprised 27.35% of the total lipid. On sun ana hot ai' drying, carbonyl values were greatly increased but peroxide values were not determined. On freeze drying, lipid peroxide and carbonyl compounds in grasshopper lipids were nearly not accumulated. Peroxide values were increased during early stage of storage, but carbonyl values were steadly increased for 98 days. Hydrophilic brown pigments which caused by sugar-amino reaction were higher than that of lipophilic. In the water soluble fraction of the browning products has some autioxidative activity, but in liposoluble fraction has not.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.172-180
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• 2003

Geologic field survey is very important for the high school students who take the courses of earth science under the 7th earth science curriculum, however actually it is very difficult for the students to survey in the field because of long time and distance, and expenses. To overcome these difficulties, this study focused on developing the web contents and teaching-learning materials for virtual geologic field survey of the Songaksan and Jisagae area, Jeju island. The developed web contents were placed into three parts; main manu, sub manu and contents to help the learners flow-chart of the program easily. To overcome the weakness of existing textual web materials, some movable images and worksheets were provided for the learners, and the web contents were designed for the learners to experience as similar as the geologic field survey may let them do.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.605-613
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• 2021

When crushing rocks to produce aggregates, solid stone dust or sludge is generated as a by-product. These by-products are classified as waste and are not utilized, and most of them are disposed of landfills. This by-product differs in mineral composition, chemical composition, and physical properties depending on the rock type and aggregate production process. Therefore, if a technology that can make good use of the inherent physical or chemical properties of by-products is developed, economic and environmental benefits can be achieved instead of disposal. In this study, stone dust and sludge were collected from domestic aggregate producers and physical and chemical properties were investigated by performing XRD mineral analysis, particle size analysis, and chemical analysis. In addition, the research trend was identified through a domestic and international research case studies on the use of stone powder and sludge.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.40-48
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• 2022

In this study, the effects of solution components were investigated in the recovery of vanadium as ammonium metavanadate from vanadium-ore-salt roasting-water leaching solution. The vanadium-containing solution is strongly alkaline (pH 13), so the pH must be lowered to 9 or less to increase the ammonium metavanadate precipitation efficiency. However, in the process of adjusting the solution pH using sulfuric acid, aluminum ions are co-precipitated, which must be removed first. In this study, aluminum was precipitated in the form of an aluminum-silicate compound using sodium silicate, and the conditions for minimizing vanadium loss in this process were investigated. After aluminum removal, the silicate was precipitated and removed by adjusting the solution pH to 9 or less using sulfuric acid. In this process, the concentration and addition rate of sulfuric acid have a significant influence on the loss of vanadium, and vanadium loss was minimized as much as possible by slowly adding dilute sulfuric acid. Ammonium metavanadate was precipitated using three equivalents of ammonium chloride at room temperature from the aluminum-free, aqueous solution of vanadium following the pH adjustment process. The recovery yield of vanadium in the form of ammonium metavanadate exceeded 81%. After washing the product, vanadium pentoxide with 98.6% purity was obtained following heat treatment at 550 ℃ for 2 hours.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.171-191
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore inductively learning effects of virtual field trips(VFTs) programs developed by elementary school students under the theme of minerals and rocks, focusing on learning in virtual geological components. Ten students attending 'H' elementary school in the metropolitan area voluntarily participated. In order to develop a virtual field trips programs, pre-actual outdoor geological field trips were conducted and virtual field trips programs were developed. In this process, written data of students observing, all video recording and voice recording materials of the course in which students participated, VR development data, and post-interview data were collected. Data were inductively analyzed focusing on four areas(cognitive, psychological, geography, and technical components) of learning in virtual geological field trips. As a result, there were positive learning effects for students in four areas. This study revealed that the study participants were not just participants in virtual learning, but rather developed classes for virtual field trips programs, which had significant results in terms of authentic inquiry.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.399-403
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• 1983

Chungkookjang, a traditional Korean fermented soybean food, was prepared by a commercial process. Cooked soybeans were fermented with Bacillus natto for 3 days and ripened with addition of 7% salt for 20 days. And the changes in the lipids during these chunqkookjang fermentation were studied. The total lipid content was decreased during chungkookjang preparation from 12.1% to 9.5%. Total lipid of cooked soybean consisted of 92.08% neutral lipids, 1.76% free fatty acids, 2.04% glycolipids and 4.12% phospholipids, respectively. During fermentation, as netural lipids were decreased, contents of free fatty acids and glycolipids were increased. The changes of phosphatidyl inositol and phosphatidyl choline in phospholipid fraction were observed and digalactosyl diglyceride in glycolipids fraction was significantly decreased during fermentation. Difercences were observed in the fatty acid compositions of glycolipids and phospholipids of cooked soybeans and chungkookjang. Oleic acid was the major fatty acyl moiety in neutral lipid and free fatty acid fractions, and palmitic acid was predominant in glycolipids and phospholipids. During fermentation, saturated fatty acyl moieties of glycolipids and phospholipids were increased.